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Effectiveness of Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Low Back

Pain among Sanitary workers working in selected hospitals at Kanyakumari dist.

1 H. Magilin Sheeba, 2.Dr. Chandra T, 3 Dr. Arzta Sophiya

1. Ph.D. Scholar, Rani Meyyammai College of Nursing, Chitambaram, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu.
2. Lecturer, Govt. College of Nursing, Cuddalore, The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. R Medical University, Chennai,
3. Associate Professor, Christian College of Nursing, The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. R Medical University, Chennai.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63001/tbs.2024.v19.i02.S2.pp43-45

ABSTRACT
Background: Low back pain is one of the common musculoskeletal health problems that occur most commonly among
Received on: all Health workers. Different researches showed that health care team members are suffering from low back pain due to
many factors. This research was conducted to find the prevalence and contributing factors of low back pain among
05-04-2024
sanitary workers and provide Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation.
Method: The Pre experimental study was done among 30 sanitary workers by using purposive sampling method. Semi
Accepted on: structured self-administered questionnaire with single and multiple responses was administered among sanitary workers
after taking informed consent. And using Oswestry low back disability questionnaire (OLBDQ) their back pain was
assessed in pre test after that Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique was taught to the sanitary workers for
25-07-2024
four weeks then post test was conducted with the same scale.
Results: After four weeks of performing Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on the lower Back, and
according to the results of the pre-test and posttest a significant Decrease in back pain level was observed (P < 0.05) and
reduction in pain level
Conclusion: Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on the lower Back showed a significant effect on the
increased balance and pain Reduction. Thus the Recommended exercises can be suggested according to the type of
exercises as a factor for increasing static and dynamic balance.

INTRODUCTION healthy bone density, muscle strength and join mobility,

Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains promoting physiological well being, reducing surgical risks and
physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed strengthening the immune system. The health benefit of regular
for various reasons, including increasing growth and exercise is hard to ignore. Anyone can be benefits from exercise,
development, preventing ageing, strengthening muscles and the regardless of age, sex or physical ability.
cardio vascular system, honing athletic skills and also for Low back pain is an important clinical, social, economic and
enjoyment. Many individuals choose to exercise publicly public health problem affecting the population indiscriminately.
outdoors where they can congregate in groups, socialize and In accordance with the report of World Health Organization in
enhance well being. Physical exercise is important for 2002, low back pain constituted 37% of all occupational risk
maintaining physical fitness and can contribute to healthy factors which occupies first rank among the disease
weight, regulating digestive health, building and maintaining complications caused by work. In Western countries like USA,

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back pain is considered to be a leading cause of disability. The Variables are qualities, properties or characteristics of persons,
one year prevalence of chronic low back pain is 15%. Study things or situations that change or vary and are manipulated or
reports from Tibet, Turkey, Gilgil, China and Africa suggest that, measured in research.
the prevalence rates are not dissimilar from Western countries Independent Variable
with one year prevalence in adults between 36% and 64%. Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique
Rajan (2020) done This survey based descriptive research work Dependent Variable
has been undertaken in Tirunelveli city, Tamilnadu to Chronic low back pain
understand and differentiate perception of sanitary workers SETTING OF THIS STUDY
working in both private multi-speciality and single speciality The study will be conducted among sanitary workers working in
hospitals towards various health related issues arising as a result white memorial Hospital at kanniyakumari district.
of work and work place. In order to know the health related POPULATION
problems, the present study has examined twenty variables The target population selected for this study will be all sanitary
related to both physical and mental health. The study has workers working in selected hospital at Kanyakumari District.
sampled 120 sanitary workers (60 from multi-speciality hospitals SAMPLE
and 60 from single speciality hospitals) using judgement sampling The sample selected for this study will be sanitary workers
technique. The results of the study has proved that the health working in white memorial Hospital at Kanyakumari District.
related issues such as pain in back, neck, waist and shoulder, SAMPLE SIZE
low energy, difficulty in sleeping and getting up from the bed, The sample size of this study will be 30 sanitary workers working
weight loss, loss of appetite and irregular sleep, hypertension in white memorial Hospital at Kanyakumari District.
hair fall and digestive disorder have been the health related SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
issues commonly perceived by sanitary workers working in both Purposive sampling technique will be used for this study.
kinds of hospitals. Skin problems, respiratory problems, minor Methods and Data collection
work related injuries have been highly perceived by sanitary This study is a preexperimental research with pre-test and post-
workers working in multi-speciality hospitals than single test. The study was conducted using the Purposive sampling
speciality hospitals. method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 30
Statement of the Problem sanitary workers. Participants were selected based on the
Effectiveness of Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation following inclusion criteria: minimum one year of sanitary work,
Technique on Low Back Pain among Sanitary workers working in Have history of low back pain Problems. The exclusion criteria
selected hospitals at Kanyakumari dist. were as follows: history of femur, leg and knee fracture, severe
Objectives of the Study ligaments damages, osteoarthritis, previous knee surgery, patella
1. To assess the level of chronic low back pain among sanitary tendon injuries, lumbar spine injuries. A week before the study,
workers in pretest. participants were briefed on the exercise protocol and
2. To assess the level of chronic low back pain among sanitary completed the consent forms. Pre test was conducted using
workers in posttest. Oswestry low back disability questionnaire (OLBDQ). Their
3. To find out the effectiveness of Jacobson Progressive Muscle demographic characteristics were measured at the same time.
Relaxation Technique on Low Back Pain among Sanitary workers Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique was
4. To associate the pre-test score of chronic low back pain administered for a period of 4 weeks, four sessions per week.
among sanitary workers with selected demographic variables. Given that the highest effect on isometric and isotonic exercises
Hypotheses is 2 to 4 sets, and 10 reps, the program was designed in two
H1 - There is a significant difference between post test levels of four-week phases with the gradual progression difference. After
back pain among the patients receiving Jacobson Progressive 4 weeks of Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique
Muscle Relaxation Technique in sanitary workers working in exercises post test was done with the same scale.
selected Hospital at Kanyakumari District. Statistical Analyses
Research Approach Data pertaining to the demographic characteristics to their age,
The researcher has chosen quantitative research approach to majority of them13 (43%) belongs to the age group of 41 - 50
test the effectiveness of the intervention for this study. years regarding gender majority 20(66.67%) were female
Research Design regarding educational status in experimental group majority of
Research design is a plan, structure and strategy of investigation subjects 12(40%) have secondary education, According to habit in
so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions or experimental group majority 12(40%) of them have habits of
problems. In this study, Preexperimental design was used to smoking, alcoholism, tobacco chewing. Regarding their dietary
determine the effectiveness of Jacobson Progressive Muscle pattern majority of them 23(77%) were non vegetarians.
Relaxation among sanitary workers working in the Hospitals. Regarding their work Experience majority of them subjects 20
Variables (66.67%) were 5-7 Years.

2 1-2 Yrs
4 4
15
3-5 Yrs
20 5-7 Yrs 10 13
Above 8 Yrs 9
5 6
2
0
Figure: 1 Frequency Distribution of samples according to age 20-30 31-40 41-50 above 51
F
igure: 2 Frequency Distribution of samples according to
working experience

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Table: 1 Frequency Percentage distribution of Low back pain level in
pre and posttest
n=30
shows that intervention plays a vital role in reducing low back
Pretest Posttest pain. The mean score on level of low back pain perception
Pain Level
among patients receiving Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Technique was 2.24 with the standard deviation 0.81. In control
No group, the post test mean score was 5.38 with the standard
Disability 2 6.67 4 13.3 deviation 1.29. The estimated unpaired “t” test value was 12.13*
Mild which was significant at p≤0.05.It shows that Jacobson
Disability 4 13.3 22 73.33 Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique was effective and
Moderate reduced the level of back pain. Hence the research hypothesis
Disability 6 20 2 6.67 was accepted.
Severe CONCLUSION The
Disability 14 46.67 2 6.67 study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of Jacobson
Completely Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Low back pain among
Disability 4 13.3 0 0 Sanitary workers working in selected Hospital in kanyakumari
Table presented the pre and post test level of low back pain District. It found that Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation
among sanitary workers in pre test majority of them 14(46.67%) Technique significantly given impact in reducing the level of low
whereas in Posttest most of them 22(73.33%)had mild disability back pain among sanitary workers.
shows that intervention plays a vital role in reducing low back RECOMMENDATIONS
pain. The following steps can be undertaken to strengthen the study.
Comparison of post test level of low back pain among sanitary ➢ A study can be conducted among large sample.
workers receiving Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation ➢ A study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of Isometric
Technique. and Isotonic Training on work related musculoskeletal disorders
Table 2: comparison of mean, standard deviation and unpaired among rubber tappers.
“t” test on post test level leg pain perception among patients ➢ A study can be conducted for the other health related issues.
receiving isometric and isotonic training in study group and
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