ty;ntl;bj;Jiwapy;

khupak;kd; topghL!...........
fp.gp Vohk; Ehw;whz;by; gy;ytH fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l
irtrka kWkyHr;rpahy; rpyg;gjpfhu fz;zfp topghL jkpo; ehl;by; NtWgy
cUtq;fis vLj;jJ. gy;ytH fhyj;ij njhlHe;J te;j NrhoH fhyj;jpy;
,t;topghL milahsk; fhzf;$bajhf tuyhw;wpy; gy jfty;fs; vkf;F
fpilf;fpd;wd. cjuhzkhf ,d;Wtiu fz;Lgpbj;jjhff; $wg;gLk; khhpak;kd;
Nghpy; mike;j Nfhapy;fspy; gioikahdJ Gd;idey;YhH khhpak;kd;
NfhtpyhFk;. ,f;Nfhtpy; jQ;rhT+H jpUthUH rhiyapy; jQ;rhT+hpypUe;J
vl;Lf;fpNy kPw;wH Jhuj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,f;NfhtpYf;F “mUz;nkhopg;Ngl;il”
vd;w fpuhkk; khdpakhf toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjidf; nfhz;L ,f;Nfhapy; NrhoHfhyf;
Nfhapyhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mUs;nkhoptHkd; vd miof;fg;gLgtd; Kjyhk;
,uh[,uh[NrhodhFk;. vdNt ,f;Nfhapiyf;fl;b mjw;F khdpakhf
mUz;nkhopg;Ngl;il vd;w fpuhkj;ijAk; mtNd toq;fpapUg;ghd;
vdf;fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,uh[,uh[NrhoNd jQ;irg;ngUq;NfhtpiyAk;
fl;baJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Muk;g fhyq;fspy; fhyq;fspy; kioj;nja;tkhd

tUzidAk; gpd;G fly;j;jhiaAk; topgl;l ty;ntl;bj;Jiw kf;fs; Mapuk;
Mz;Lfshf Kj;Jkhhpak;kidNa jkJ; Fynja;tkhf tzq;fp tUfpd;wdH. khhp
vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; NghyNt ty;tl;bj;Jiw kf;fspw;F thhptoq;Fk;
Kj;Jkhhpak;kdpd; mUl;f;flhl;rk; ty;tl;bj;Jiw kz;zpy; mgphpkpjkhdJk;
mstplf;fhpaJkhFk;. <oj;jpw;Fk; jkpofj;jpw;Fnkd njhlHngd;gJ jhAk; NrAk;
Nghd;wJ. flypy; kiwe;J tpl;l Fkhpf;fz;lj;jpy; vQ;rpa xU gFjpNa ,e;jpa
cgfz;lkhFk;. ,e;j ,e;jpa cgfz;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J rpy Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;G flw;Nfhs;; (Rdhkp) fspdhYk; fz;lefHTfspdhYk; gphpe;J my;yJ tpyfpr;
nrd;w gFjpNa <onkd;Dk; ,yq;ifahFk;.

Fkhpf;fz;lk; vd;Dk; ngUepyg;gug;ghdJ flypy;

kiwe;Jtpl;lNghJk; mjd; xUgFjp ePHkl;lj;jpw;F Nkyhf njhpa vQ;rp epd;wJ
mJNt ,yq;ifahFk;. vd;gJ Ma;thsHfspd; fUj;jpnyhd;whFk;. ,yq;Fjy; =
njhpjy;> my;yJ gpufhrpj;jy; vd jkpopy; nghUs; jUk; nrhy;yhFk;. ,t;tifapy;
flypd; NkNy njhpa epd;wjdhy;. ,J ,yq;F vd;Dk; nghUspy; ,yq;if vd
gpd;dH miof;fg;glyhapw;W. ,yq;if vd;Dk; nganur;rj;jpw;F ,JNt
rhpahdgjk; vd;gjhy; ,J Vw;wf; nfhs;sg;gLk; thjKkhfpd;wJ. ,e;jpahTk;
<oKk; gphpe;J Nghd fhyj;jpy; jhd; epyr;rhptpayhsHfspilNa Ngjq;fs;
epyTfpd;wNj jtpu gphpe;jJ vd;gjpy; ahUld; ahUNk Kuz;gLtjpy;iy. ,t;thW
,yq;ifapy; thok; kf;fSk; ,e;jpahtpy; tho;e;j Kjd;ikf;FbapdUk; xNu
kdpjFyj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs; vd;gNj tuyhw;W Ma;thsHfspd; fUj;jhFk;.

ifgH fztha; topahf kj;jpa

MrpahtpypUe;J njw;fhf tl,e;jpahit Nehf;fp FbNahwpatHfspy; tl ,e;jpa
kf;fs; r%fj;jpy; nkhop gof;ftof;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ghhpakhw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ.
vdpDk; ,yq;ifapYk; njd;dpe;jpahtpYk; mt;thwhd ,dr;#oypd; ghpkhw;wq;fs;
ele;jjhf vf;fhyj;jpYk; rhd;whjuq;fspd; %yk; cwjpg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. vdpDk;
ghspnkhop Ehyhd k`htk;rk; %yk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd
kjg;ghpkhw;wk; kf;fs; FBNaw;wk; vd gytifg;gl;l nra;jpfs; mwpaf;fplf;fpd;wd.
MdhYk; njd;dpe;jpahtpw;Fk; tl,yq;iff;Fkhd njhlHGfs; nkhop rkak;
gz;ghL vd;gdtw;wpDlhf MuhAkplj;jJ ghhpa NtWghLfs; mw;w xNu
,df;Foj;ijr; NrHe;j khdpl tHf;fj;jpduhNyNa ,uz;L ,lq;fSk;
epug;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
 Kd; nrhd;dthW tl,yq;iff;Fk; njd;dpe;jpahtpw;Fkhd
njhlHG vd;gJ fhyf;fzpg;gpw;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ Fwpg;ghf jkpo; ehl;bw;Fk;
tl,yq;iff;Fk; Md njhlHG vd;gJ nkhop rkak; vd;gdtw;Wf;F mg;ghy;
tpahghuk; jpUkz cwTfs; vdgy epiyfspYk; njhd;W njhl;L njhlHe;J
tUfpd;wJ. ghz;ba gy;yt Nrho rhk;uha;[q;;fspd; md;Gg; gpbapapy; mbf;fb
rpf;Fz;ljhy; njd;dpyq;ifapd; gz;ghl;Lf;fyhr;rhuj;jpw;F NtWgl;l my;yJ
khw;whd jkpofj;jpd; gz;ghllbd; gy$Wfs; tl ,yq;ifapy; NtUd;wp
jdpj;Jtg; gz;ghlhf khw;wkile;jJ.

,t;thW flyhy; gphpf;fg;gl;l jkpof ,yq;if cwTfspid ,uz;lhapuk;

tUlq;fs; fle;Jk; ,ilapy; gphpj;J epw;Fk; tq;ff;flypid NktpAk; ,ize;J
epd;w tuyhw;Wg; ngUikkpF kz;zhf tpsq;FtNj aho;g;ghz Flhehl;bd;
tlkuhl;rp gFjpapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; vkJ ty;tl;bj;JiwahFk;. ,q;Fs;s
kf;fspd; ,j;ijifa rpwg;gpid tpsq;ftjw;F XhpU vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;fNs
NghJkhdJ.

1. aho;g;ghz efuj;jpd; gpujhd tPjpfspd; ngaNu njhpahj vkJ kz;zpd;

ike;jHfspy; gyUf;F Ntjhuzpak; kw;Wk; jpUr;rp efuq;fspd; rpW
xOq;ifnay;yhk; me;epNahd;dpakhdit.

2. ,yq;ifapd; jiyefuhd nfhOk;gpy; fhy; itf;fhj vk;ktHfspy; gyUf;Fk;

jkpo; ehl;bd; jiyefuhd rpq;fhur;nrd;idapy; rpWtPjpAk; nrhe;j tPlhfNt
,Uf;Fk;

,t;thW fhyk; fhykhf jkpofj;Jld; vkJ cwitg;Ngzpte;j

ty;tl;bj;Jiw kf;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; fp.gp 985-1014 tiuahz;l
Nrhog;ngUkd;ddhd Kjyhk; ,uh[,uh[d; fhyj;jpy; ngUkhw;wk; Vw;glyhapw;W.
mJtiu kioj;nja;tkhd tUzgfthidAk; fly;jhapidAk; jkJ nja;tkhfg;
Nghw;wp tzq;fp te;j vk;ktHfs; tho;tpy; khhpak;kd; topghL fUf; nfhz;l
fhykhf ,jidf;fUjyhk;.

Nfhbahf;fiu!................
Vwj;jho 991 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; ,uh[,uh[NrhodJ
gilfs; ,yq;ifapd; mEuhjGuk; cl;gl tlfpof;F gFjp KOtijAk;
ifg;gw;wpd. ,uh[ ,uh[dpd; kfdhd Kjyhk; ,uhN[e;jpudpd; ,g;gilnaLg;igj;
njhlHe;J ,g;gFjp Nrhokz;lyj;jpd; xU gFjpahf Kk;Kbr;Nrhokz;lyk;
vdg;ngaHngw;wJ. ,jd; jiyefuhd nghyeWit [dehjkq;fyk; vd;Wk; ngahpy;
tpsq;fpaJ. irtj;Jld; jkpioAk; caHepiyf;F nfhz;Lte;j ,k;kd;ddhy;
nghyeWitapYs;s “thdtd; khNjtpr;ruk;” vdg; ngaHngw;w rptd; Nfhtpy;
epWtg;gl;lJ. ,f;Nfhtpiy thdtd; khNjtp vd;Dk; jdJjhahpd; ngahpy; ,td;
mike;Js;sjidf; nfhz;Nl ,k;khkd;dd; jha;topghl;bYk; kpFe;j gw;Wilatd;
vd;gjid ahUNk ca;j;Jzuyhk;. ,jidtpl jQ;rhT+hpy; ,td;fl;ba
,uh[,uh[NfRtuk; vd;Wk; nghpa Nfhtpypy; jd;jha; je;ieahpd;
cUtr;rpiyfis mikj;J mtw;wpd; guhkhpg;Gf;fhf ,tdpd; jkf;ifahH
Fe;jtpapd; ngahpy; ngUk; nghUs; toq;fpAs;sikAk; jQ;irf;fy;ntl;Lf;fshy;
mwpag;gLfpd;wik ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
 jQ;rhT+iuf; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L gue;j Nrho rhk;uh[;[paj;ij
fl;bahz;l ,k;kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; jQ;rhT+Uf;f fpof;Nf ,Ue;j ehfgl;bdk; nghpa
flw;JiwKfkhf tpsq;fpaJ. mj;Jld; <ok; Kjy; flhuk; tiu njd;fpof;F
jpirfspy; jdJ gue;J tphpe;j murpidf; fhl;bf;fhf;fTk; fpof;fpe;jpa jPTfs;
kw;wk; rPdh vd;gtw;Wldhd tHj;jfj; njhlHGfSf;Fk; Vw;wjhd kpfg;gyk;
tha;e;j flw;gilapd; fly; njhlHGfSf;fhfTk; Ntjhuzpak; kw;Wk;
Nfhbahf;fiu Nghd;wtw;iwAk; rpwe;j JiwKfq;fshf ,k;kd;dd;
khw;wpaikj;jhd;.

,t;thW NrhoHfhyj;jpd; ,UngUefuq;fshd jQ;rhT+H

ehfgl;bdk; rhiyapy; jQ;rhThpy; ,Ue;J vl;Lf;fpNyh kPw;wH Jhuj;jpy;
mike;jpUf;Fk; ,lNk Gd;idey;YhH MFk;. ,q;F mike;jpUf;fk; khhpak;kd;
NfhtpYk; ,k;kd;ddhy; mikf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,d;Wk; fUjg;gLfpwJ “NrhNoe;jpu
tp[ak;” vd;Dk; Ehypy;; Gd;id ey;YhH khhpak;kd; vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gjd;
%yKk; ,f;Nfhtpyf;F mUz;nkhopg;Ngl;il vd;Wk; fpuhkk; khdpakhf
toq;fg;gl;bUg;gjidAk; fhuzk; fhl;bAk; “mUz;nkhoptHkd;” vd;Wk; ngauhy;
miof;fg;gLk; ,uh[,uh[NrhodhNyNa Muk;gj;jpy; ,f;Nfhtpypy;
mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. gpd;dH ruNgh[p kd;dhfspd;
fhyj;jpy; “khhpak;khs;” Guk; vd ,j;jyk; toq;fg;gl;L te;Js;sikAk; fz;$L.

,t;thW Gd;idey;YhH khhpak;kd; Nfhtpy; mikf;fg;gl;l

fhyj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;lNj Nfhbf;fiu Kj;jkhhpak;kd; NfhtpyhFk; jQ;rhT+hpy;
,Ue;J njd;fpof;fhf 112 fpNyhkPw;wH Jhuj;jpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; ,e;efuk;
jpUkiwf;fhL vd;W miof;fg;gl;l Ntjhuzpak; efhpy; ,Ue;J 10 fpNyhkPw;wH
njw;fhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. neLq;Nfhl;by; 79.9 ghifapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;
,g;gl;bdj;jpw;Fk; vkJ aho;g;ghzj;jpd; fhiuefUf;Fk; ,ilNaahd neLq;NfhNl
ghf;FephpidAk; tq;fhstphpFlhitAk; gphpj;J epw;fpd;wJ. Mq;fpyj;jpy; point
calimere vd miof;fg;gLk; ,g;gl;bdk; ty;tl;bj;Jiwapy; ,Ue;J 52
fpNyhkPw;wH tlNkw;fhd miktplj;jijf; nfhz;Lk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jpahtpy; Fwpg;ghf jkpo;ehl;bd; gy ,lq;fSk;

rupj;jpurhd;WfshYk; ,jpfhrkw;Wk; ,yf;fpaFwpg;GfshYk; ngUikngw;w
,lq;fshfTk; jyq;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,t;thwhd efuq;fspy; gyTk;
GwehDhW kw;Wk; mfehDhW vd;Dk; Ehy;fspd; %yk; ,uz;lhapuk; tUlk;
fle;Jk; jkJ goikapid giwrhw;wp epw;;fpd;wd.

Nfhbf;fiuiag;gw;wp $wg;gLk; fijfspy; gioikahdJ

,uhkhazfhyj;ij NrHe;jjhFk;. ,uhkH ,uhtzDld; NghHGuptjw;fhf
,yq;iff;Fg; gwg;gl;l NghJ Kjypy; Nfhbahf;fiuapy; ,Ue;Nj
,yq;ifiag;ghHj;jhH. mq;fpUe;j ghhj;j nghOJ ,uhtzDila efuj;jpd;
gpd;GwNk ,uhkUf;F njhpe;jjhk;. tPud; vd;gtd; Nehpilahd Nghhpd; NghJ
gpd;Gwkhf vjphpia jhf;fkhl;lhd.; vd;gjhy; jD];Nfhbf;F nrd;W mq;fpUe;J
,yq;iff;Fr; nrd;whd;. vd;gJ tha;nkhopahf ,q;F toq;fg;gLk; fijahFk;.
,f;fij fk;guhkazj;jpNyh my;yJ thd;kPfp ,uhkazj;jpNyh $wg;glhjJ
vdpDk; ,q;fpUf;Fk; “,uhkH ghjk;” vd miof;fg;gLk; ,lk; ,uhkH ,q;Nf
te;jjw;fhd ,f;fijapd; njhy;ypay; rhd;W NghyNt epd;W epyTfpd;wJ.
,f;fijapid cWjpg;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w ghlnyhd;W mfehEhw;wpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
 mfk; vd;gJ jiytd; jiytpapilNa Vw;gLk; fhjiyAk;
CliyAk; Fwpg;gjhFk;. ,t;thwhd mfehEhw;Wg;ghly;fspy; 70tJ ghly;
kJiuj; jkpo; $j;jdhH fLtd; ks;sdhH ghba nea;jy; jpizg;ghlyhFk;.
jpizvdg;gLtJ xOf;fk; vdg;nghUs;gLk;. ,g; ghlypd; 5 – 7 mbfs;
gpd;tUkhW

nfhLe;jpkpy; gujtH Ntl;lk; tha;j;njd

,Uk;Gyhf; fkOk; rpWFbg;ghf;fj;Jf;
Fwq;fz; mt;tiyg; gak; ghuhl;b
nfhOq;fz; mapiy gFf;Fk; Jiwtd;
ek;NkhL GzHj;j Nfz;ik Kd;Nd
myHthag; ngz;bH mk;gy; Ehw;wg;
gyUk; Mq;(F) mwpe;jdH kd;Nd ,dpNa
tJit $ba gpd;iw GFtJ
nghd;tP QhonyhL Gd;id thpf;Fk;
fhdyk; ngUe;Jiwf; ftphp khePHg;
ghrilf; fypj;j fizf;fhy; nea;jy;
tpoT mzp kfspH jiomzpf; $l;lKk;
ntz;Ntw; fThpaH njhy;KJ Nfhb
Koq;F ,Uk; ngstk; ,uq;Fk; Kd;Jiw
Nty;NghH ,uhkd; mUkiwf;(F) mtpj;j
Gy;tPo; Myk; Nghy
Xypmtpe;jd;W mOq;fy; CNu!..

,jd; fUj;jhf “cd;id mtH jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;F Kd;

cq;fSila fhjy; njhlHigg;gw;wp CHg; ngz;fs; gyUk; gytpjkhfg;
NgrpdhHfs; Mdhy; ePq;fs; ,UtUk; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;lJk; ahUk;
cq;fisg;gw;wpg; Ngrhky; mikjpahfptpl;lhHfs;. ,J ,uhkH rPijia kPl;L
tUtjw;F ,yq;iff;F nry;tjw;F Kd; jkJ gilfSld; Nfhbf;fiuf;F te;J
mq;fpUe;j Mykuj;jbapy; epd;W mNyhrid nra;jhuhk;. mg;nghOJ Mykuj;jpy;
,Ue;j giwitfs; rj;jkpl;L mikjpiaf;Fiyf;fhky; mitfis
mikjpailar; nra;jJ Nghy; CH mikjpahfptpl;lJ. vd;gNj ,g;ghlypd;
nghUshFk;.

,g;ghlypy; tUk; mbfshd ‘ntd;Ntw;fThpaH

njhy;KJNfhb” vdf;Fwpf;fg;gLk; mbfs;%yk; njhy;KbNfhb my;yJ mjpNrJ
vdg;gLk; ,t;tplk; fThpaH vdg;gLk; ghz;baHfSf;F chpajhfpd;wJ.
Nrhoehl;by; njd;vy;iyapy; filrpg;gjpahf tpsq;Fk; ,g;gFjp rpy fhyq;fspy;
ghz;baH trkhf ,Ue;jnjd;Dk; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpiaAk; ,g;ghly; %yk;
mwpayhk;

tuFzd; vd;gtd; fp;gp 792 - 835 tiu Mz;l ghz;ba kd;ddhthd; ,tid
“nfhw;wtHfs; njhOfow;fhw; Nfhtuz kfuhrhd;” vd rpd;dkDhHr; nrg;NgLfs;
$Wfpd;wd ,tdJ ehd;fhk; Mz;L fy;ntl;L jpUtpaYhh jpUnea;j;jhdk; vd;Wk;
CHfspYk; Mwhk; vl;lhk; gj;jhk; Mz;L fy;ntl;Lf;fs; Fk;gNfhzk; nre;jiy
Mfpa CHfspYk;k gjpNdhuhk; Mz;Lf; fy;ntl;Lf;fys; jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp
jpUf;Nfhbf;fh kw;Wk; jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp vd;Dk; ChfspYk; mope;J Nghd
fy;ntl;nlhd;W jpUf;Nrhw;Wj;JiwapYk; ,Ue;jjhy; ,td; fhyj;jpy; Nrho
kz;lyk; KOtJk; ,tdJ ghz;ba Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;bUe;jJ
Gydhfpd;wJ.(ghz;baH tuyhW. rjhrptgz;lhuj;jhH gf;fk; 58-59)
 ,jidj; njhlHe;J Nfhbf;fiuiag;gw;wp vkf;F fpilf;Fk;
rhd;Wfs; Re;ju%Hj;jpehadHUk; Nrukhd; ngUkhd; ngUkhd; ehadhUk;
Nfhbf;fiuf;F te;J ,q;Fs;s “Nfhbf;FofH” Nfhapiyj; jhprpj;J ghbajhFk;.
,g;ghly; nghpaGuhzj;jpy; Vohk; jpUKiwahfj; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;ghlypd;
gz; nfhy;yp MfTk;. Guhzr;nra;As; 88 MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nfhbf;FofH Nfhtpypd; jyGuhzk; my;yJ jytpNrlk; gpd;tUkhW

NjtHfs; ghwf;;fliy file;J ngw;w mKjj;jpid thAtplk; nfhLf;f mtUk;
mjidf; nfhz;L thdtPjpapy; nry;Yk; NghJ mJ fPNo tpOe;J rptypq;fkhf
khwpaNj ,g;gjpahFk;. gpd;dH NjtHfs; ,q;Nf te;J mr;rptypq;fj;ij tzq;fp
mKjk; ngw;wdH. mjdhy; ,q;F ciwAk; rptdpd; ngaH mkpHjfNlrH
MFk;.mk;ikapd; ngaH ikahHjlq;fz;zp MFk;. Re;ju%Hj;jp ehadhupd; ehw;gJ
mbfs; nfhz;l ,g;ghly; (Njthuk;)

fbj;jhw; flw;fhw;W te;njw;wf;fiuNky;

Fbjhd; many ,Ue;jhw; Fw;wkhNkh
nfhbNad; fz;fs; fz;ld Nfhbf;FofPH
mbNfs; ckf;fhH Jizahf ,Ue;jPNu.

vd Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ ,jd; 16 – 20 mbfs; gpd;tUkhW

ikahHjlq;fz;zp gq;fhfq;ifahSk;
nka;ahfj;jpUe;jds; Ntwplk; ,y;iy
ifahHtis fhLfhNshLk; cldha;
nfha;ahH nghopw;Nfhbna Nfhapy; nfhz;lhNa.

vdf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,q;F Fwpg;gpl;bUf;Fk; ikahH jlq;fz;zpAk;

fq;ifahs; vd;Dk; fq;fhNjtpAk; rptgpuhDld; cldpUg;gtHfs;. %d;whk; thpapw;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk; “fhLfhs;” vd;gJ “fhLfpohs;” vdg;gLk; JHf;ifahFk;.
(ntw;wpj;nja;tkhf rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Nghw;wg;gLk; nfhw;witNa gpd;dH JHf;ifvd
miof;fg;gl;ljhf tuyhW) Nfhbf;;fiu FofH Nfhtpypd; cs;s Njtpf;F chpa
ngaH “ikahh;jlq;fz;zp” ahFk;. rptdpd; jiyapy; ,Ug;gtNs fq;ifahFk;.
%d;whtjhf Fwpg;gplg;gLk; fhLfpohs; vdg;gLk; JHf;fhNjtpAk; ,g;gFjpapy;
Fbnfhz;bUg;gijNa ,g;ghly; mbfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

Ntjhuzpaj;jpy; fpilj;j fy;ntl;nlhd;W (Ins 501 of 1904)

Nghrskd;ddhd tPuNrhNkRtud; cila gilj;jiytdhfpa
“rpq;fz;zjz;lehafd;” vd;gtd; fp-gp 1241 y;Nrhoehl;bd; kPJ gilnaLj;J te;j
NghJ mopf;fg;gl;l “jpUf;Nfhbf;FofH” Nfhapy; fp-gp 1246y; Ik;gjpdhapuk; fhR
nfhz;L kPz;Lk; fl;b Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ vdf;$Wfpd;WJ.
 rf;jpgPlkhd Nfhbf;fiu:-
jf;fd; vd;Dk; mRudpd; kfshf mtjhpj;jtH ckhNjtpahh jf;fd;
ahfk; nra;j nghOj jdJ fztdhfpa rptngUkhdpd; Ngr;irf;Nfshky;
je;ijapd; NkypUe;j ghrj;jhy; ahfj;jpidf; fhzr;nrd;whH. mq;F fztdpd;
NkypUe;j Nfhgj;jhy; jdJ je;ijahuhNyNa mtkjpf;fg;gl;ljdhy; kdk;
nghWf;fhky; ahfFz;lyj;jpNyNa gha;e;J capiu tpl;lhH. ,jidf;Nfs;tpAw;w
rptnghUkhd; mlq;fhj rpdj;Jld; mq;Nf nrd;W jdJ Njtpapd; cliy
vLj;jJj;jiyapy; itj;J Mf;Nuhrkhf Rod;W Rod;W Mbagb cyfnky;yhk;
jphpe;jhH. ,jdhy; G+kp eLq;fpaJ. fly; nghq;fpaJ. Nfhs;fs; ahTk; epiyjLkhwp
Rod;wd. gpuk;kh Kjy; midj;Jj; NjtHfSk; mQ;rp eLq;fpdH.
fhj;jy;flTshfpa tp];ZTk; jdJ rf;fuhAjj;jpdhy; guhrf;jpapd; cliy
Jz;Lfshf;fp mitfis rptdpd; fuq;fspypUe;J njwpj;J tpor;nra;jhH. ,t;thW
ghujehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspYk; rf;jpapd; clw;$Wfs; tpOe;j ,lq;fNs
rf;jpgPlq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,r;rf;jpgPlq;fs; Ik;gj;jpnahd;W vdTk;
mWgj;jpehd;F vdTk; Ehy;fs; ntt;Ntwhff; $Wfpd;wd. Njtpghftj;jpy;
Ehw;wpnal;L rf;jpgPlq;fs; vd tpahrH $Wfpd;wdH. ,t;thW ntt;thwhf
$wg;gl;Ls;s midj;J rf;jpgPlq;fspYNk Nfhbf;fiuiaAk; xUrf;jpgPlkhf
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sik ,t;tplj;jpd; rpwg;gpw;F rhd;whFk;.

rf;jpgPlq;fis Ik;gj;jpnad;W vd;W $WNthUk; mWgj;jpehd;F

vdf;$WNthUk; Nfhbf;fiuapYs;s rf;jpgPlj;jpid cUj;jpuhzp gPlk;
vdf;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH ,NjNtis Ehw;wpnal;L rf;jpgPlq;fshf Fwpg;gpl;Nlhh
Nfhbf;fiuapy; NfhltP vd rf;jpgPlj;jpidf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH. NfhltP vd;gJ
JHf;ifiaf;Fwpg;gjhFk;. cUj;jpuhzp vdg;gLtJ = guhrf;jpahFk; khhpak;kd;>
fhspak;kd;> JHf;ifak;kd; vd;gdnty;yhk; ngaHfspy; NtWghl;lhYk;
guhrf;jpapd; ntt;NtW mtjhuq;fNsahFk;. vdpDk; Nfhbf;fiuapy; rf;jpf;nfd
,Uf;Fk; jdpf;Nfhtpy; khhpak;kd; NfhtpNy ahFk; ,jd;%yk; NfhbKj;jkhhp
vd;gJ rpwg;Gila rf;jpgPlk; vdczug;gLk;. ,NjNtis cUj;jpuhzpapd; gPlkhd
“cUj;jpuNfhb vd;Dk; ,j;jykhdJ flw;fiuapid mz;b mike;jpUe;jjdhy;
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; cUj;jpu vd;Dk; ngaH kUt Nfhbf;fiu vd;gJ ngauhf epiyj;J
tpl;lJ vdyhk;. ,jd; %yk; Muk;gj;jpy; ,g;gpuNjrk; KOikAnk cUj;jpuNfhb
vd miof;fg;gl;L gpd;dH Nfhbf;fiu vd khw;wkile;J cs;sJ.
guhe;jf Nrhodhy; Kjd;Kjy; elj;jg;ngw;w <og;gilnaLg;G Kjy;
,uh[,uh[Nrhod; kw;Wk; ,NuN[e;jpuNrhod; vd Nrho kd;dHfspd;
,yq;ifg;gilnaLg;gpd;. fly; jskhf Nfhbf;fiuAk; tpsq;fpaJ.
ghf;FePhpizia njw;F vy;iyahfTk; tq;fhstphpFlhit fpof;F vy;iyahfTk;.
Nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,g;gl;bdj;jpd; njd;fpof;Fg;gFjpapNyNa ,t;tpUfly;fSk;
rq;fkkhfpd;wd. ,t;tplk; cUj;jpuNfhb vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. tq;fstphpFlhtpd;
ghhpa miyfspw; jhf;fk; xU GwKk; tq;fhstphpFlhTk; ghf;FephpidAk;
NkhjpvOk; ePHr;Ropfspd; NkhJif kWGwkhf Nfhbf;fiuapd; flNyhug;gFjpfs;
rpwpJrpwpjhf kiwe;J tUfpd;wd ,t;thW flyhYk; fhLfshYk; nfhs;sg;gl;l
goiktha;e;j Nfhtpy;fs; gpd;tUkhW
 njd;NfhbtpehafH
njd;Nfhb ehujH
Nfhb];tud;
etNfhbrpj;jH Mr;rpukk;
Nfhbf;FofH
thHj;jpffhsp
mfj;jpaH
NrTfuh[d;
=uhkHjPT

,t;thW flYf;Fs; kiwe;Jtpl;l Nfhapy;fspd; gl;bay; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

flypy; tUk; fyq;fSf;F topfhl;bahf mikf;fg;gl;lJk; uh[kpdhuh my;yJ
gioakpdhuh vd miof;fg;gLk; fyq;fiutpsf;F fiuapy; ,Uf;fNtz;baJ.
,d;W flYf;Fs; jd;jiyiaf;fhl;bagb ,d;dKk; epkpHe;J epw;fpwJ. ,J
%o;fptpl;l epyg;gFjpak; ,d;Wk; %o;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; jiug;gFjpiaAk;
milahsk; fhl;Lk; mw;Gj milahsr;rpd;dkhf khw;wkile;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;j fyq;fiutpsf;F ,uh[,uh[NrhoDf;F ,stuRg;gl;lk; fl;baNghJ
Re;juNrhodhy; epWtg;gl;ljhFk;.

Nkw;$wpathW gyNfhapy;fs; mope;Jk; milahsk; khwpg;Ngha; ,Ue;Jk;

RkhHMapuk; tUlq;fspw;F Kd;G mikf;fg;gl;l Nfhbf;fiu Kj;Jkhhpak;kd;
Nfhtpy; ,t;tpilf;fhyq;fspy; gy;NtW khw;wq;fisf;fz;Lk; cUkhwpAk; ,d;Wk;
NfhbKj;Jkhhpak;kdhf ,t;T+hpy; epd;W epyTfpd;wJ. Kj;Jkhhpak;kdpd; mUSld;
jpfSk; Nfhbf;fiu md;Wk; ,d;Wk; vd;WNk Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; kPJ jPuhj fhjiyf;
nfhz;ltHfs; thOk; G+kpahFk;. ,jid gpd;tUkhW jkpo;nkhop Ma;tpy;
Kd;Ndhbahd ,uhkr;re;jpujPl;rpjH $Wfpd;whH.

Nfhbf;fiuapy; ,d;Wk; tof;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fs;sj;Njhzp glF

tiffspy; rpwg;GilaJ xdwhk;. fz;ZhWgLtjhy; cz;lhFk; Nfl;bid
jtpHj;jy; nghUl;L ifKj;jpiu ,Ljy; ,jpy; Fwpgpgplg;gl;bUf;Fk;
rpwg;gpay;ghFk;. ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; FiwjPHf;Fk; Fwpahk; “c” FjpiutopghLk;
ngz;nja;tj;jpd; ngaHfs; vd;gdTk; nghwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kPd;gpbf;fg;NghthH
Nghtjd; Kd; khhpak;kid topgLjy; Nfhbf;fiuapy; ,d;Wk; tof;fj;jpy;
,Uf;fpd;wJ NkYk; xU tpag;G vd;dntd;why; ,t;tof;fk; cynfy;yhk; cs;s
tof;fkhk;. (jkpoH Njhw;wKk; gutYk;. GytH fh. Nfhtpe;jd; gf;fk; 116)

,j;jifa NfhbKj;Jkhhpak;kDf;Fk; ty;tl;bj;Jiw Kj;Jkhhpak;kDf;Fk;

kpfneUq;fpa njhlHGz;L. ,jid ,d;ndhUtifahf; $wpdhy; Nfhbf;fiuapy;
,Ue;j Kj;Jkhhpak;kNd ty;tl;bj;Jiwapy; te;J Nfhapy;nfhz;lUs;tjhf
ty;tl;bj;Jiw Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; Nfhtpy; jytuyhW $Wfpd;wJ. Nfhbf;fiu
Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Nfhtpy;jytuyhW kwGwkhd fijnahd;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
mjd;gb ty;tl;bj;Jiwapy; ,Ue;Jte;j Kj;Jkhhpak;kNd Nfhbf;fiuapy; Nfhapy;
nfhz;lUs;tjhfjhf mq;Fk; xUfijAz;L
 ty;ntl;bj;Jiw
Kj;Jkhupak;kd; jytuyhW!..............
997 Mk; Mz;by; ,uh[,uh[dpd; gilfs; tl,yq;ifiaf;
ifg;gw;wpaijj; njhlHe;J ,yq;iff;Fk; Nrhoehl;Lf;Fkhd njhlHGfs; kpf
Ntfkhf mjpfhpj;J tj;jd. Mapuf;fzf;fhd jkpo;ehl;Lg; NghHtPuHfs;
,yq;ifapy; fhYhd;wpajhy; mtHfSila Njitfis G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; czT
kw;Wk; jsghlq;fSk; Nrhoehl;by; ,Ue;J ,yq;iff;F mDg;gpitf;fg;gl;ld.
.,jdhy; NghHtPuHfs; jtpHe;j mtHfspd; cjtpahsHfSk; ,yq;iff;F te;J
NrHe;jdH. ,e;epiyapy; ,tHfSila FLk;gj;jpdH Nrhoehl;bNyNa ,Ue;jjdhy;
NghHtPuHfSf;Fk; mtHfSila FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; fbjg;Nghf;Ftuj;Jk;
njhlHe;jpUe;jd. mt;thwhd xUehspy; Nfhbf;fiuapd; “fzf;fHklj;jpy”; ,Ue;J
%d;W glFfs; ty;tl;bj;Jiwia Nehf;fpg;Gwg;gl;ld.

mg;glFfs; Gwg;gLk; rkaj;jpy; mq;Fte;j fWj;j%jhl;b xUtH jd;idAk;

Vw;wpr;nry;YkhW $wpf;nfhz;Nl mg;glFfspd; xd;wpy; VwpmkHe;J nfhz;lhH.
glNfhl;bfSf;Nfh Mr;rhpaj;Jld; NfhgKk; Vw;gl jk;ikkPwpg;glfpy;
Vwpa%jhl;bia ,wq;FkhW gzpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; %jhl;bNah jhd;
,wq;fkhl;Nld; vdj;njhlHe;J gpbtjkhf glfpNyNa ,Ue;jhH.> mtiu ,wf;fptpl
topnjhpahky; glNfhl;bfSk; eP ahH? vq;Nf Nghfpd;wha;? vd tpdhtpdhHfs;!
mjw;F %jhl;bAk; jdJ ngaH “fapiykiykhjurp” vd;Wk; jhd;
ty;tl;bj;Jiwf;F Nghf Ntz;Lk;! vdf; $wpdhH! vd;d fhuzj;jpw;fhfg;
Nghfpd;wha?; vdf; ,tHfs; kWgbAk; Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F gjpNyJk; $whky;
rphpj;Jtpl;L fliyg;ghHj;jthW ,Ue;jhuhk;

,Wjpahf glNfhl;bfs; %jhl;biaAk; Vw;wpf;nfhz;L

ty;tl;bj;Jiwia Nehf;fpa gazj;ij Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Muk;gj;jpy; mikjp;ahf
,Ue;j fly; glFfs; eLf;fliy mile;jJk; miyfs; rPwpf;nfhz;l nfhe;jspf;f
fhw;Wk; Ntfkhf tPrpf;nfhz;ljhy; glF ftpo;e;J tplhky; ,Uf;f ghiar;RUf;fpa
glNfhl;bfs; mgj;jpy; ,Ue;J fhg;gw;WkhW fly;j;jhia $tp mioj;jhHfs;.
,t;thW ,tHfs; $wp miof;fTk; mJtiu mikjpahf ,Ue;j %jhl;bAk;
nghq;fpte;j fly; miyapy; ifitj;J “rP Rk;kh ,U” vd mjl;bdhH.

mt;tstpy;nghq;fpa flYk; mikjpailaNt Mr;rhpaj;Jld;

glNfhl;bfSk; ty;tl;bj;Jiwia Nehf;fpg; gliff; nrYj;jpr; nrd;wdH.
ty;tl;bj;Jiwapy; mf;fhyj;jpy; gpurpj;jkhAk; fly; JiwahfTk; tpsq;fpa
,d;iwa fg;gy;fpotd; NfhtpYf;F mz;ikapy; fiuNawpa glFfspy; ,Ue;J
nghUl;fis ,wf;Ftjw;F Kd;ghfNt fiuapy; ,wq;fpa %jhl;bAk; mtHfSf;F
Mrp $wptpl;L mq;fpUe;J njw;F Nehf;fp tpl;lhH. glFfspy; ,Ue;J nghUl;fis
,wf;fptpl;L glNfhl;bfs; nrd;w nghOJ ,d;W Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; Nfhtpy;
mike;jpUf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; epd;w Ntg;gkuj;jpd; fPo; mk;%jhl;bAk; mkHe;jpUf;ff;
fz;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd; me;j Ntg;gkuj;jbapy; rpy ehl;fs; fhzg;gl;l me;j
%jhl;bia gpd;dH ahUNk fhztpy;iyahk;. Mdhy; ,J ele;J rpy ehl;fspd;
gpd; ,utpy; me;j Ntg;gkuj;jbapy; xsp xd;W njd;gl Muk;gpjj;jhk; ,t;thW
me;j ntspr;rj;ijf; gy jlitfs; fz;l mg;glNfhl;bfSk; Vw;fdNt fly;kPJ
jhk; fz;l mjpraj;ijAk; epidj;J jk;Kld; Nfhbf;fiuapy; ,Ue;J te;j
%jhl;b NtWahUky;y khhpak;kNd! vd czHe;J me;j Ntg;gkuj;jbapy; xU
nfhl;by; mikj;J topgl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. fhyk; nry;yr;nry;y ,ilapy; gy
khw;wq;fspw;F cs;shfpa Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; Njt];jhdk; ,d;iwa
cUitaile;jJ.
 Nfhbf;fiu Kj;Jkhupak;kd; jytuyhW!........
gy Ehw;whz;LfSf;F Kd;G Nfhbf;fiuapy; ,Ue;J ,yq;iff;F
Nghf;Ftuj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;L tHj;jfk; nra;J te;J ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. mt;thwhd
xU ehspy; ty;tl;bj;Jiwapy; ,Ue;J Nfhbf;fiuia Nehf;fp jz;ilay; Rf;fhdp
,tHfspd; cjtpayuhd fpyhR vd;Dk; %d;W NgH Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. milfiuapy;
,Ue;J Kfj;Jtha; (thd; my;yJ tl;b) topahf glF ntspf;flYf;F tUk;
rkaj;jpy; rhpahd Qhdg;ghuk; (rkepiy) ,d;ikahy; glF xUgf;fk; rhpe;jJ.
clNd jz;ilay; cjtpahsiuf; $g;gpl;L “kfNd rkepiw jtwpajhy; glF
xUGwk; rhpfpwJ mjdhy; mLj;j gf;fj;jpy; ey;yepiwAs;s fy;nyhd;iw
vLj;Jit” vdf; $wpdhH. cjtpahsUk; mt;thNw fy;nyhd;iw vLj;J itj;jhH.
rkepiy mile;j glFk; Nfhbf;fiuia Nehf;fp me;j ,utpy; Xlyhapw;W.
Nfhbf;fiuia neUq;f neUq;f fly; nfhe;jspj;J GaYld; kioAk;
nghopa Muk;gpj;jJ. fiuia mz;kpj;Jtpl;ljhy; ve;jtpj gaKkpd;wp
rkepiyf;fhf itj;j fy;iyj;Jhf;fp vwpe;Jtpl;L ,tHfSk; fiuia mile;jdH.
,tHfs; mf;fy;iy vwpe;j ,lk; ,d;W gioa kpdhuh vdg;gLk;
fyq;fiutpsf;Ff;F mz;ikapy; mike;jpUe;j fpr;rhd; XilahFk;.

mLj;j rpy ehl;fspy; mt;tplj;jpy; kPd;gpbf;fg;Nghd

kPdtHfs; jkJ tiyfSf;Fs; xU ghukhd nghUs; khl;bf; nfhz;lij
czHe;jhHfs.; fy;nyd epidj;J tiyia ,Oj;j mtHfSf;F fpilj;jNj
mofhd mk;kd; rpiyahFk;. njhopy;Kbe;J tPl;Lf;F tUk;NghJ mr;rpiyiaAk;
nfhz;Lte;jtHfs; Nfhbf;fiu gPr;rhyhj;jpf; Fsj;jpy; mjidg;Nghl;Ltpl;L
tPl;bw;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhHfs;.

kWehs; Kjy; Nfhbf;fiuapy; mk;ik the;jpNgjp vd Neha;fs; Vw;gl;L

mjdhy; ,og;Gf;fSk; mjpfhpj;jd. ,jdhy; ChpYs;s kf;fs; midtUk;
kdtUj;jj;jpy; %o;fpdH. ,e;epiyapy; CHjiytH Mfpa “ehl;lhz;ik”apd;
fdtpy; te;j %jhl;bnaUtH ehd; ty;tl;bj;Jiwapy; ,Ue;J te;J ,q;F
Fsj;jpy; fplf;fpNwd;. vd;id vLj;J CUf;F Nkw;fpy; cuy; cyf;ifr;rj;jk;
Nfl;fhj ,lj;jpy; Nfhapy; fl;b vd;id topgl;lhy; CHkf;fspw;F I];tHaj;ijf;
nfhLj;J fhg;ghw;WNtd; vd nrhy;ypr; nrd;whuhk;.

tpopj;njOe;j ehl;lhz;ikAk; CHkf;fspw;F ele;jijf;$wp

rpiyiaj;NjbdH. mk;kd;rpiy ,Ue;j ,lj;jpw;F Nkyhf fUld; xd;W tl;lkpl;l
milahsj;ijf;fz;L mr;rpiyia vLf;f Fsj;ijj; Njhz;bdH. ,t;thW
Fsj;ij Njhz;baNghJ mk;kd;rpiyAila iffs; jw;nrayhf ntl;Lg;glNt
,uj;jk; gha;e;J Fsk;KOtJk; ,uj;jkhfpaJ. rpiyia vLj;J ntl;lg;gl;l
ifspy; re;jdj;ij mg;gpaTld; ,uj;jk; toptJ epd;Wtpl;lJ. mk;kd;
ehl;lhz;ikapd; fdtpy; $wpaJ Nghy Nfhbf;fiuapd; Nkw;Fg;Gwj;jpy;.
Nfhapyikj;J kf;fs; topgl;LtuyhdhHfs;.

,t;thW ,UNfhapy;fspd; jytuyhWfSNk xd;Wld; xd;W

gpd;zpg;gpize;j fijiaf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpd;wik Mr;rhpakspf;fpd;wJ.