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    1.1.4 Introduction To R FW

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    Nevin Widarman
    ISYE 7406 - Lecture material 1.1.4

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    1.1.4 Introduction To R FW

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    Nevin Widarman
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    ISYE 7406 - Lecture material 1.1.4

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    1.1.4_Introduction_to_R_FW

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    ISYE 7406 - Lecture material 1.1.4

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    1.1.4 Introduction To R FW

    Uploaded by

    Nevin Widarman
    ISYE 7406 - Lecture material 1.1.4

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 13

    Data Mining and

    Statistical Learning
    Introduction

    Professor Yajun Mei


    School of Industrial and Systems Engineering

    Lesson 4: Introduction to R
    Learning Objectives

    • Execute Installation of R
    • Manipulate Data With R
    • Review Programming
    What is R
    • R is a free software for statistical computation and
    graphics

    • Operation Systems: Windows, Mac, or Linux

    • Homepage: http://www.r-project.org
    Installing R Under Windows
    Suppose you have a laptop with Windows OS(32/64 bits), how to install
    R in your laptop?
    • Go to any CRAN site (see http://cran.r-project.org for a list), and click
    “Download R for Windows.”
    • Follow the instruction to click ‘install R for the first time”
    • Download R installation file, double-click on the icon and follow the
    instructions to install.
    As of January 2020, the file is “R-3.6.2-win.exe” (Size: 83Mb).
    Data With R
    • Objects: vector, matrix, data.frame, ts, list, factor, array
    • Mode (numerical, character, complex, and logical);Length
    • Read data stored in text (ASCII) files
    read.table(), scan(), and read.fwf()
    • Saving data
    write(x, file=“data.txt”), write.table() write in a file a data.frame
    Generating Data in R
    # Generating data
    x1 <- 1:10 # x1 = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
    x2 <- seq(1,4,0.5) # x2 = c(1.0,1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0)
    x3 <- rep(1,5) # x3 = c(1,1,1,1,1)
    x4 <- gl(2,3,10) (generate factor levels)

    #Check x4 values in R
    > x4
    [1] 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
    Levels: 1 2
    Matrix in R
    # matrix in R
    y <- matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6),2,3)
    # This is 2x3 Matrix filled in column by column
    [,1] [,2] [,3]
    [1,] 1 3 5
    [2,] 2 4 6

    w <- matrix(c(1,2),2,1) # This is 2x1 Matrix/vector


    t(w) %*% y #matrix product w^T y= c(5, 11, 17)
    Matrix Operations in R (cont.)
    # matrix in R
    y <- matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6),2,3)

    y[1,3] # is the element on row 1 and column 3


    y[1,] # is the first row, c(1,3,5)
    y[,2] # is the second column, c(3,4)
    apply(y,2,mean) #gives us the column means, c(1.5, 3.5, 5.5)
    apply(y,1,sd) #gives us the standard deviation of each row, c(2, 2)
    Data Frame
    #Generate 100 normal variables
    x <- rnorm(100)
    # w will be used as a `weight’ vector
    w <- 1 + x/2
    # Model to generate Y from x and w
    y <- x + w * rnorm(x)
    # Make a data frame of three columns named x,y, w, and look at it.
    dum <- data.frame(x,y,w)
    dum
    Linear Regression in R
    # Fit a simple ordinary linear regression of y and x
    fm1 <- lm(y ~ x, data= dum);
    summary(fm1)

    # we do a weighted least squares regression


    fm2 <- lm( y ~ x, data = dum, weight = 1/ w^2)
    summary(fm2)

    # Plots
    plot(x,y); abline(fm1); abline(fm2, col=“red”)
    Programming Language
    • You can write your own function in R, and then call that function later.
    • R is rather slow in loops, and you should avoid loops as much as
    possible by using matrix operations.

    Example: suppose we have a vector x=(-2,3,5,-8), and for each element of x


    with the value 3, we want to give the value of 0 to another variable y, else 1.
    • R code: x <- c(-2,3,5,-8); y <- (x != 3);

    • R output: y [1] TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE


    More R
    • R studio: An integrated development environment for R.
    https://www.rstudio.com

    • Books related to R:
    https://www.r-project.org/doc/bib/R-books.html

    • Google more R materials and packages.


    Summary

    • R Installation
    • Data with R
    • Programming in R

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