Accounting Principles, 13th Edition PDF
Accounting Principles, 13th Edition PDF
Accounting Principles, 13th Edition PDF
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Detailed Contents
6 Inventories 6-1
“Where Is That Spare Bulldozer Blade?”:
Caterpillar 6-1
Classifying and Determining Inventory 6-2
Classifying Inventory 6-3
Determining Inventory Quantities 6-4
Inventory Methods and Financial Eff ects 6-7
Specific Identification 6-7
Cost Flow Assumptions 6-8
Financial Statement and Tax Eff ects of Cost Flow
Methods 6-12
Using Inventory Cost Flow Methods Consistently 6-14
Eff ects of Inventory Errors 6-15
Income Statement Eff ects 6-15
Balance Sheet Eff ects 6-16
Inventory Statement Presentation and Analysis 6-17
Presentation 6-17
Lower-of-Cost-or-Net Realizable Value 6-17
Analysis 6-18
Appendix 6A: Inventory Methods and the Perpetual
System 6-20
First-In, First-Out (FIFO) 6-20
Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) 6-21
Average-Cost 6-22
Appendix 6B: Estimating Inventories 6-22
Gross Profit Method 6-23
Retail Inventory Method 6-24
A Look at IFRS 6-48
7 Accounting Information
Systems 7-1
QuickBooks® Helps This Retailer Sell Guitars: Intuit 7-
1
Overview of Accounting Information Systems 7-2
Computerized Accounting Systems 7-3
Manual Accounting Systems 7-5
Subsidiary Ledgers 7-5
Subsidiary Ledger Example 7-6
Advantages of Subsidiary Ledgers 7-7
Special Journals 7-8
Sales Journal 7-9
Cash Receipts Journal 7-11
Purchases Journal 7-15
Cash Payments Journal 7-17
Eff ects of Special Journals on the General
Journal 7-20
Cyber Security: A Final Comment 7-21
A Look at IFRS 7-44
14 Corporations: Dividends,
Retained Earnings, and Income
Reporting 14-1
Owning a Piece of the Action: Van Meter Inc. 14-1
Accounting for Dividends and Stock Splits 14-2
Cash Dividends 14-3
Dividend Preferences 14-4
Stock Dividends 14-7
Stock Splits 14-9
Reporting and Analyzing Stockholders’ Equity 14-11
Retained Earnings 14-11
Statement Presentation and Analysis 14-13
Corporate Income Statements 14-16
Income Statement Presentation 14-16
Income Statement Analysis 14-16
Appendix 14A: Stockholders’ Equity
Statement 14-18
Appendix 14B: Book Value per Share 14-18
Book Value per Share 14-18
Book Value versus Market Price 14-20
A Look at IFRS 14-38
16 Investments 16-1
“Is There Anything Else We Can Buy?”:
Time Warner 16-1
Accounting for Debt Investments 16-2
Why Corporations Invest 16-2
Accounting for Debt Investments 16-4
Accounting for Stock Investments 16-6
Holdings of Less than 20% 16-6
Holdings Between 20% and 50% 16-7
Holdings of More than 50% 16-8
Reporting Investments in Financial Statements 16-10
Debt Securities 16-11
Equity Securities 16-14
Balance Sheet Presentation 16-15
Presentation of Realized and Unrealized
Gain or Loss 16-16
A Look at IFRS 16-35
17 Statement of Cash Flows 17-1
Got Cash?: Microsoft 17-1
Usefulness and Format of the Statement of
Cash Flows 17-3
Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows 17-3
Classification of Cash Flows 17-3
Significant Noncash Activities 17-4
Format of the Statement of Cash Flows 17-5
Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows—
Indirect Method 17-6
Indirect and Direct Methods 17-7
Indirect Method—Computer Services
Company 17-7
Step 1: Operating Activities 17-9
Summary of Conversion to Net Cash Provided
by Operating Activities—Indirect
Method 17-12
Step 2: Investing and Financing Activities 17-13
Step 3: Net Change in Cash 17-14
Analyzing the Statement of Cash Flows 17-17
Free Cash Flow 17-17
Appendix 17A: Statement of Cash Flows—Direct
Method 17-19
Step 1: Operating Activities 17-19
Step 2: Investing and Financing Activities 17-24
Step 3: Net Change in Cash 17-26
Appendix 17B: Worksheet for the Indirect Method 17-
26
Preparing the Worksheet 17-27
Appendix 17C: Statement of Cash Flows—T-Account
Approach 17-31
A Look at IFRS 17-58
18 Financial Analysis: The Big
Picture 18-1
It Pays to Be Patient: Warren Buff ett 18-2
Sustainable Income and Quality of Earnings 18-3
Sustainable Income 18-3
Quality of Earnings 18-7
Horizontal Analysis and Vertical Analysis 18-9
Horizontal Analysis 18-10
Vertical Analysis 18-12
Ratio Analysis 18-14
Liquidity Ratios 18-15
Solvency Ratios 18-16
Profitability Ratios 18-16
Comprehensive Example of Ratio Analysis 18-17
A Look at IFRS 18-51
19 Managerial Accounting 19-1
Just Add Water . . . and Paddle: Current Designs 19-1
Managerial Accounting Basics 19-3
Comparing Managerial and Financial Accounting 19-3
Management Functions 19-3
Organizational Structure 19-5
Managerial Cost Concepts 19-7
Manufacturing Costs 19-7
Product Versus Period Costs 19-8
Illustration of Cost Concepts 19-9
Manufacturing Costs in Financial Statements 19-10
Income Statement 19-11
Cost of Goods Manufactured 19-11
Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule 19-12
Balance Sheet 19-13
Managerial Accounting Today 19-14
Service Industries 19-14
Focus on the Value Chain 19-15
Balanced Scorecard 19-17
Business Ethics 19-17
Corporate Social Responsibility 19-18
20 Job Order Costing 20-1
Profiting from the Silver Screen: Disney 20-1
Cost Accounting Systems 20-3
Process Cost System 20-3
Job Order Cost System 20-3
Job Order Cost Flow 20-4
Accumulating Manufacturing Costs 20-5
Assigning Manufacturing Costs 20-7
Raw Materials Costs 20-8
Factory Labor Costs 20-10
Predetermined Overhead Rates 20-12
Entries for Jobs Completed and Sold 20-15
Assigning Costs to Finished Goods 20-15
Assigning Costs to Cost of Goods Sold 20-16
Summary of Job Order Cost Flows 20-17
Job Order Costing for Service Companies 20-18
Advantages and Disadvantages of Job
Order Costing 20-19
Applied Manufacturing Overhead 20-20
Under- or Overapplied Manufacturing
Overhead 20-21
21 Process Costing 21-1
The Little Guy Who Could: Jones Soda 21-1
Overview of Process Cost Systems 21-3
Uses of Process Cost Systems 21-3
Process Costing for Service Companies 21-4
Similarities and Diff erences Between Job Order Cost
and Process Cost Systems 21-4
Process Cost Flow and Assigning Costs 21-6
Process Cost Flow 21-6
Assigning Manufacturing Costs—Journal Entries 21-6
Equivalent Units 21-9
Weighted-Average Method 21-9
Refinements on the Weighted-Average Method 21-10
The Production Cost Report 21-12
Compute the Physical Unit Flow (Step 1) 21-13
Compute the Equivalent Units of
Production (Step 2) 21-13
Compute Unit Production Costs (Step 3) 21-14
Prepare a Cost Reconciliation Schedule
(Step 4) 21-15
Preparing the Production Cost Report 21-15
Costing Systems—Final Comments 21-16
Appendix 21A: FIFO Method for Equivalent
Units 21-17
Equivalent Units Under FIFO 21-17
Comprehensive Example 21-18
FIFO and Weighted-Average 21-22
22 Cost-Volume-Profit 22-1
Don’t Worry—Just Get Big: Amazon.com 22-1
Cost Behavior Analysis 22-2
Variable Costs 22-3
Fixed Costs 22-3
Relevant Range 22-5
Mixed Costs 22-6
Mixed Costs Analysis 22-7
High-Low Method 22-7
Importance of Identifying Variable and
Fixed Costs 22-9
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis 22-10
Basic Components 22-10
CVP Income Statement 22-11
Break-Even Analysis 22-14
Mathematical Equation 22-15
Contribution Margin Technique 22-15
Graphic Presentation 22-16
Target Net Income and Margin of Safety 22-18
Target Net Income 22-18
Margin of Safety 22-20
Appendix 22A: Regression Analysis 22-21
23 Incremental Analysis 23-1
Keeping It Clean: Method Products 23-1
Decision-Making and Incremental
Analysis 23-3
Incremental Analysis Approach 23-3
How Incremental Analysis Works 23-4
Qualitative Factors 23-5
Relationship of Incremental Analysis
and Activity-Based Costing 23-5
Types of Incremental Analysis 23-6
Special Orders 23-6
Make or Buy 23-8
Opportunity Cost 23-9
Sell or Process Further 23-10
Single-Product Case 23-11
Multiple-Product Case 23-11
Repair, Retain, or Replace Equipment 23-14
Eliminate Unprofitable Segment or
Product 23-15
24 Budgetary Planning 24-1
What’s in Your Cupcake?: BabyCakes NYC 24-1
Eff ective Budgeting and the Master
Budget 24-3
Budgeting and Accounting 24-3
The Benefits of Budgeting 24-3
Essentials of Eff ective Budgeting 24-3
The Master Budget 24-6
Sales, Production, and Direct Materials
Budgets 24-8
Sales Budget 24-8
Production Budget 24-9
Direct Materials Budget 9-10
Direct Labor, Manufacturing Overhead, and S&A
Expense Budgets 24-13
Direct Labor Budget 24-13
Manufacturing Overhead Budget 24-14
Selling and Administrative Expense Budget 24-15
Budgeted Income Statement 24-15
Cash Budget and Budgeted Balance Sheet 24-17
Cash Budget 24-17
Budgeted Balance Sheet 24-20
Budgeting in Nonmanufacturing
Companies 24-22
Merchandisers 24-22
Service Companies 24-23
Not-for-Profit Organizations 24-24
25 Budgetary Control and
Responsibility Accounting 25-1
Pumpkin Madeleines and a Movie: Tribeca Grand
Hotel 25-1
Budgetary Control and Static Budget
Reports 25-3
Budgetary Control 25-3
Static Budget Reports 25-4
Flexible Budget Reports 25-6
Why Flexible Budgets? 25-7
Developing the Flexible Budget 25-9
Flexible Budget—A Case Study 25-9
Flexible Budget Reports 25-11
Responsibility Accounting and Responsibility
Centers 25-13
Controllable versus Noncontrollable Revenues
and Costs 25-15
Principles of Performance Evaluation 25-15
Responsibility Reporting System 25-17
Types of Responsibility Centers 25-18
Investment Centers 25-22
Return on Investment (ROI) 25-23
Responsibility Report 25-23
Judgmental Factors in ROI 25-24
Improving ROI 25-24
Appendix 25A: ROI vs. Residual Income 25-26
Residual Income Compared to ROI 25-27
Residual Income Weakness 25-27
xvi Contents
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