HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS REVIEWER

HYDRAULIC FUSES - They detect sudden increase in flow, such as burst downstream ,
and shut off the fluid flow
QUICK DISCONNECT VALVES - These valves are installed in hydraulic lines to prevent
loss of fluid when units are removes
PRIORITY VALVE - These valves give priority to the critical hydraulic subsystems over
noncritical system pressure is low
CHECK VALVE - These valves allow full fluid flow in one direction and restricted flow
in the opposite direction
DRAIN VALVE - These are also known as damping valves
SEQUENCE VALVE - These valves control the sequence of operation between two
branches in a circuit; they enable one unit to automatically set another unit into
motion
SELECTOR VALVE- These valve is used to control the direction of movement of a
hydraulic actuating cylinder or similar device
FLOW CONTROL VALVE - These valves control the speed and/or direction of fluid
flow in the hydraulic system
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - These pump has a fluid output that is varied to
meet the pressure demands of the system
BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP - The angular housing of the pump causes a corresponding
angle to exist between the cylinder block and the drive shaft plate to which the
pistons are attached
GEROTOR PUMP - These pump consists essentially of a housing containing an
eccentric-shaped stationary liner, an internal gear rotor having seven wide teeth of
short height, a spur driving gear having six narrow teeth, and a pump cover that
contains two crescent shaped openings
GEAR TYPE POWER PUMP - These pump contains of two meshed gears that revolve
in a housing
CONSTANT DISPLACEMENT PUMP - These pump deliver a fixed quantity of fluid per
revolution, regardless of the pressure demands
SINGLE ACTION PUMP - These pump is a single action pump that draws fluid into the
pump on one stroke and pumps that fluid out on the next stroke
ROTARY PUMP - These pump produces continuous output while the handle is in
motion
DOUBLE ACTION PUMP - These hand pumps produce fluid flow and pressure on each
stroke of the handle
HAND PUMP - These pump is used in some older aircraft for the operation of the
hydraulic subsystems in a few newer aircraft systems as a back up unit
POWER DRIVEN PUMP - These pump are the primary source of energy
ELECTRICAL MOTOR PUMP - These pumps are installed for use in emergencies during
groundoperations
ORIFICE TYPE CHECK VALVE - These valves open if the filter clogs, permitting
continued hydraulic flow and operation of aircraft systems
MICRON TYPE FILTER - These filter assembly utilizes an element made of specially
treated paper formed in vertical convolutions (wrinkles)
FILTER - These maybe located within the reservoir, in the pressure line, in the return
line, or in any other location the designer of the system decides that they are needed
to safeguard the hydraulic system against impurities
FILTER - Is a screening or straining device used to clean the hydraulic fluid,
preventing foreign particles and contaminating substances from remaining in the
system
RESERVOIR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE - These prevents over pressurization of the
reservoir . valve opens at a preset value
SLOGHT GLASSES - This provides visual indication for flight crews and maintenance
personnel that the reservoir needs to be serviced
RESERVOIR SAMPLE VALVE - This valve is used to draw a sample of hydraulic fluid for
testing
RESERVOIR DRAIN VALVE - This valve is used to drain the fluids out of the reservoir
for maintenance operation
RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCER - This provides hydraulic fluid temperature
information for the flight deck
RESERVOIR QUANTITY TRANSMITTER - This transmits fluid quantity to the flight deck
so that the flight crew can monitor fluid quantity during flight
BAFFLES AND FINS - These are incorporated in most reservoirs to keep the fluid
within the reservoir from having random movement, such as vortexing (swirling) and
surging
RESERVOIR - Is a tank in which an adequate supply of fluid for the system is stored
CLOSED CENTER HYDRAURLIC SYSTEM - This hydraulic system has the fluid under
pressure whenever the power pump is operating
OPEN CENTER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - This hydraulic system is one having fluid flow,
but no pressure in the system when the actuating mechanisms are idle
FILTER - Provide adequate control of contamination problem during all normal
hydraulic system operations
ABRASIVE - This contaminants include such particles as core sand, weld spatter,
machining chips, and rust
NON-ABRASIVE - This contaminants include those resulting from oil oxidation and
soft particles worn or shredded from seals and other organic components
PHOSPATE ESTER BASED FLUID - These fluid are used in most commercial transport
category aircraft and are extremely fire resistant
MINIRAL BASED FLUID - This hydraulic fluid (MIL-H-5606) is processed from
petroleum
FIRE POINT - Is the temperature at which the substance gives off vapor in sufficient
quantity to ignite and continue to burn when exposed to a spark or flame
FLASH POINT - Is the temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor in sufficient
quantity to ignite momentarily or flash when a flame is applied
CHEMICAL STABLITY - It is the liquids ability to resist oxidation and deterioration for
long periods
VISCOSITY- Is the internal resistance to flow
RAM AIR TURBINE - It is used to provide electrical and hydraulic power if the primary
source of aircraft power are lost
ROTARY ACTUATOR - This actuator is used for many nose wheel steering mechanism
POWER TRANSFER UNIT - It is used to transfer power but not fluid it transfers
between the piston and cylinder bore between the piston rod and the end of the
cylinder
SEALS - Are used to prevent fluid from passing a certain point, and to keep air and
dirt out of the system in which they are used
HEAT EXCHANGERS - It is used to cool the hydraulic fluid from from the hydraulic
pumps
GASKETS - Are used as static (stationary) seals between flat surfaces
ACCUMULATORS - It is a sphere steel divided into two chambers by a synthetic
rubber diaphragm
WIPERS - Are used to clean and lubricate the exposed portions of piston shafts
SHUT OFF VALVE - These valves are used to shut off the flow of fluid to a particular
system or component
WIPERS - They prevent dirt from entering the system and help protect the piston
shaft against scoring
SHUTTLE VALVES - This valve is used to isolate the normal system from an alternate
or emergency system
AIR COMPRESSOR - These have been added to recharge air bottles whenever
pressure is used for operating unit
PRESSURE REGULATOR - It is used to manage the output of the pump to maintain
system operating pressure within predetermined range
RELIEF VALVES - They act as pressure limiting units to prevent excessive pressures
from bursting lines and blowing out seals
THERMAL RELIEF VALVE - This valve is used to relieve excessive pressure that may
exist due to thermal expansion of the fluid
FILTER - This serves as a protection against dirt and impurities
SYSTEM RELIEF VALVE - The most common use of the pressure relief valve against
the possible failures of a pump compensator or other pressure regulating device
DESSICANT/MOISTURE SEPERATOR - It’s purpose is to remove any moisture caused
by the compressor
RELIEF VALVES - This valve is used to limit the amount of pressure being exerted on a
confined liquid
NITROGEN BOTTLES - Are used for emergency landing gear extension is stored in two
bottles, one bottle located on each side of the nose wheel well
SEALS - These are used to prevent fluid from passing, and to keep air and dirt out of
the system in which they are used

* 3 MAIN CLASSES OF PACKING

* 2 TYPES OF ACCUMULATORS
CYLINDRICAL
SPHERICAL

Hydraulic
Viscosity
Chemical stability
Fire point
Flash point
3 hydraulic system
*Basic hydraulic system
*Close center hydraulic system
*Open center hydraulic system
-Basic hydraulic system consists of
*Pump
*Reservoir
*Direction valve
*Check valve
*Pressure relief valve
*Selector valve *Actuator
*Filter
-Hydraulic system components Reservoirs (, pressurized and non pressurized)
Filters
Pumps
Valves
Accumulators
Heat exchangers
Actuators
Seals
Red- pressure
Pink- suction
Green- return
Blue - bleed air
Open center hydraulic system- connected Ang mga series
Close center hydraulic system -may pressure bisan may idle
-Filters Located within reservoir
-Inline filter assembly
- filter element( micron, Porous metal, magnetic type)
- micron types filter
- filter bypass valve
Pumps - power driven pump
- electric motor pump use for emergency during ground or off the engine
- hand pumps single( action, double action, rotary)
- gear type power pump
- gerotor pump
- piston pump