Crown HH

Ministry of Higher Education& Scientific
ResearchMiddle Technical UniversityCollege of

Health & Medical techniques/Baghdad
Crown seminar1:
“type of fixed restoration and waxing techniques”
Supervisors:
Dr.Suha Fadhil
Dr.Sabihamahdi
Maha kareem
Done By:
Zena Mahmoud
Fatima Nabil
Jwan Salah
Shmoos Salim
.
A fixed prosthesis is defined as A restoration or replacement which is attached

by a cementing medium to natural teeth, roots, implants.
Its a branch of dental science that deals with the restoration of damaged teeth with
artificial crown and replacing the missing natural teeth by a dental prosthesis
permanently cemented in place [Fixed partial denture].
There are two types of fixed restorations:

A-Extra-coronalRestorations.
B-lntra-coronal Restorations.
Extra-coronal restoration include:

1-Crown:
It’s a cemented extra coronal restoration that covers, or veneers, the outer surface of
the clinical crown.
It must restore the morphology, contour and function of the tooth and should protect
the remaining structures from further damage.
Types of crowns:
1 -complete cast crown.
2-metal ceramic crown.
3-cast metal crown with facing.
4-the partial veneer crown.
5-all ceramic crown.
6-post crown.
1-complete cast crown:

These crowns cover all the tooth surfaces. Hence, they require extensive
tooth reduction. It is usually given for posterior teeth(figure1).
(Figure1 )
Indications:
1 -Extensive destruction.
2-Endodontically treated teeth from caries or trauma.
3-Existing restoration need for maximum retention and strength.
4-To provide contours to receive a removable appliance.
5-Other re-contouring of axial surfaces (minor corrections of mal-inclinations).
6- Correction of occlusal plane.
Contraindications:
1 -Less than maximum retention necessary.
2- where Aesthetics are important.
2-metal ceramic crown:
The metal-ceramic restoration, also called a porcelain-fused to-metal restoration,
consists of a ceramic layer bonded to a thin cast metal coping that fits over the tooth
preparation,Such a restoration combines the strength and accurate fit of a cast metal
crown with the cosmetic effect of a ceramic crown (figure2).
(figure2)
Indications:
1- teeth require esthetic.
2-in case of extensive tooth destruction as a result of caries, trauma, or existing
previous restorations.
3-when there is a repeated failure of PJC (porcelain jacket crown).
4-when superior retention and resistance is needed.
5-in case of an endodontically treated tooth.
6-to re-contour axial surfaces or correct minor malinclinations of teeth.
Contraindications:
1-in patient with active caries or untreated periodontal disease.
2-in young patient with large pulp chamber because of the high risk of pulp
exposure.
3-where a more conservative restoration can be made.
3- cast metal crown with facing:

It is a full cast metal crown having an acrylic or porcelain facing on the labial or
buccal surface(figure3).
(figure3)
Indications:
1 -improvement of aesthetic.
2-as a bridge retainer.
3-teeth with large filling .
Contraindications:
1 -teeth with short crown.
2-teeth with large pulp.
3-in case that have bad oral hygiene.
4-the partial veneer crown:
is a conservative restoration,They are used in cases where minimal retention is
sufficient and the abutment tooth is healthy, Here, crown does not cover the entire
abutment and only part of clinical crown was covered (figure4).
(figure4)
Indications:
1 -Intact or minimally restored coronal tooth structure
2-Normal crown .
3-Average or greater crown length.
4-As a retainer.
-Short-span fixed prosthesis.
-Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures.
Contraindications:
1-Short clinical crown.
2-ExtensiveIy damaged tooth.
3-EndodonticaIly treated tooth.
4-Retainer for long-span fixed partial dentures.
5-PoorIy aligned abutments.
6-Dentitions with active caries or periodontal disease.
5-all ceramic crown:
It provides the best aesthetics,As ceramic is brittle in nature, it is susceptible to
fracture, It is mostly used as a replacement of missing anterior teeth especially
incisor(figure5).
(figure5)
Indications:
Where Superior aesthetics is required.
Contraindications:
1 -in case of heavy occlusion.
2-edge to edge occlusion.
3-very short teeth.
6-post crown:
It is a fixed restoration, which replaces the coronal part of the endodontically
treated tooth and is retained by a post (dowel) which is extended and
cemented to its root canal(figure6).
(figure6)
Parts of post crown:
1-The post (dowel): It is the part of the crown which extends into the root canal to
give retention and support for the coronal part . It should be 2/3 of the root length.
2-The core: It is the coronal extension or addition to the dowel post necessary to
provide the desire retention for the final crown restoration.
3-The crown: it is the final restoration that placed over the core, it could be a full
metal or porcelain crown.
Types of post crown:

1-One unit post-crown: the post, core and crown are in one piece.
2-Two units post-crown: the post and core are in one piece and crown
is the second piece.
Indication:
1 -Restoration of endodontically treated with insufficient tooth
structure.
2-ReaIignment of malposed teeth.
3-As bridge retainer (short span bridge).
4-Tooth with short clinical crown.
Contraindications:
1 -Unsuccessful endodontic treatment.
2-Significant tooth structure remains.
3-lnadequate root length.
4-Caries in the root.
2-Bridge:
Component of bridge:
1- Retainer: Its the part of the that covers the abutment tooth, which could
be major or minor.
-When the retainer is attaching to fixed connector is a major, but when it is
attached to removable connector its called minor connector.
2-Pontic: It the part of the bridge that replaces the missing teeth, which it is
the suspended part of the bridge and it is made from gold, alloys, porcelain
or a combination of these materials
It occupies the position of missing natural tooth or teeth.
3-Connector: It is the part that connects the retainer to the Pontic, which
could be a fixed or removable connector.
4-Abutment:Its the part of the bridge to which the retainer is cemented.
There are four main types of dental bridges:
1-Fixed-fixed bridge: Most common used anteriorly and posteriorly. The

pontics are connected rigidly to the retainers at both ends of the bridge by the
solder joint, so we have only one path of insertion.
2-Fixed-movable bridge: The Pontic is attached to a fixed retainer on one side

while the another side is a movable joint that connected with other retainer.
3-Cantilever bridge:
A-Simple: consist of one or two retainers with the Pontic that replaces the
missing tooth.
B-Spring: the Pontic is connected to a gold bar that also connected to the
retainer which is away from the Pontic. usually used in case of missing maxillary
central or lateral on one side of the maxillary arch with the presence of distance
between the anterior teeth.
4-Resin bonded bridge(Maryland):

There is minimal preparation within the enamel, used for short span , less
retentive than other types and use composite or resin for cementation.
Intracoronal Restoration:
1-lnlay:
It is an intracoronal restoration(custom made) They are usually made of gold alloy or
ceramic material.
Indication:
1- Extensively restored or weakened teeth.
2-Repeated fracture or failure of previous direct restoration.
3-Restorations within body of tooth which do not require cuspal coverage.
4-DifficuIty achieving good contour, contact point or occlusion using direct restoration.
2-onlay:
It is an intracoronal restoration, which is used to restore a more extensively
damaged posterior tooth.
Indications:
1-when there is a need to protect weakened tooth structure without additional
removal of tooth tissue unlike a crown, e.g. restoring teeth after root canal
treatment to give cuspal coverage.
2- It can be used if there is minimal contour of remaining coronal tooth structure
with little retention.
contraindications of inlay and onlay:
1-poor oral hygiene.
2-ParafunctionaI habits and heavy occlusal forces .
3-Patients under 16 age.
4-difficulty in impression taking.
Waxing Techniques:
1-Dipping technique:
In this method the die is dip in to the molten wax to obtaining an even thickness
and then excess wax is trimmed away. The gingival collar is added and the
pattern is sprued,Invested and casted, In this technique always produces
uneven porcelain in thickness so this technique is un preferable.
2- Sheet wax or plastic (adapt technique):

A green sheet wax of (0.5mm) in thickness is use to cover the die by
adaptation and removed, the excess the gingival collar is waxed by blue
inlay wax.
3- Waxing to anatomic contour (cutting back technique):
A properly designed framework for a metal- ceramic crown can be
achieved routinely only by waxing the restoration to complete
anatomic contour first and then cutting back a consistent amount for
the veneer.
References:
-Ananya Jain,2022,Indirect Restoration Ananya Jain1*,B
Rajkumar2,Sandeep Dubey3 And Praveen Singh Samant4.
-Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics ,Stephen F. Rosenseil,Martin F Land
And JunheiFjujimoto,Second Edition.
-Dental Ceramic ,Renan Belli.
-Fundamentals OF Fixed Prosthodontics Herbert
TShillingburg,Hobo,Whitself, jacobi,AndBrackeet,ThirdEdition.
-Phillips Science of Dental Materials,Edition 12.

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Ministry of Higher Education& Scientific

ResearchMiddle Technical UniversityCollege of

“type of fixed restoration and waxing techniques”

A fixed prosthesis is defined as A restoration or replacement which is attached

There are two types of fixed restorations:

Extra-coronal restoration include:

1-complete cast crown:

3- cast metal crown with facing:

Types of post crown:

1-Fixed-fixed bridge: Most common used anteriorly and posteriorly. The

2-Fixed-movable bridge: The Pontic is attached to a fixed retainer on one side

4-Resin bonded bridge(Maryland):

2- Sheet wax or plastic (adapt technique):

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