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Assignment 1

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8 views

Assignment - 1

Assignment 1

Uploaded by

hanishtadi7777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment-1

1. Define insertion anomalies, deletion anomalies, and update anomalies. Provide an example for each
anomaly, demonstrating how poorly designed schemas can lead to data redundancy and inconsistency.

2. Given the following set of attributes and FDs, determine the minimal cover of the functional
dependencies and explain the reasoning behind each step. R(A, B, C, D, E)

FDs: A → B, BC → D, D → E, A → C

3. (a) Explain the concept of closure of a set of functional dependencies. How is it used in database
design?

(b) Given the following relation and FDs, compute the closure of the set of attributes {A, B}.R(A, B, C, D)
FDs: A → C, B → D, AB → C

4. Given the following relation, normalize it step-by-step from 1NF to BCNF and explain each step:
R(StudentID, CourseID, Instructor, Grade, Department)

FDs: StudentID, CourseID → Grade, Instructor → Department

5. Consider the following relation:R(A, B, C, D)

Multi-valued dependencies: A →→ B, A →→ C

Normalize the relation to 4NF and explain the process.

6. Given a relation R(A, B, C, D) with the FDs:A → B, C → D

Decompose the relation into smaller relations. Check if the decomposition is lossless and whether it
preserves dependencies.

7. Consider the following relation R(A, B, C) and the set of FDs: A → B, B → C

Is the functional dependency A → C implied by the given set of FDs? Justify your answer using closure or
Armstrong’s Axioms.

8. Given a relation R(A, B, C, D, E) and the FDs:A → B, C → D, B → E

Perform a BCNF decomposition and check if the resulting decomposition is dependency-preserving.

9. Discuss a situation where denormalization might be beneficial despite the anomalies that arise from
it. Provide examples from a practical application such as a data warehouse or OLAP system.

10. Given the relation R(A, B, C, D, E) and the FDs:A → B, C → D, D → E

Demonstrate how this schema could suffer from update anomalies if it is not normalized. Perform
normalization to resolve the anomalies and explain the process.

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