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Microstrip Antenna

Computer Science (National Institute of Computer Education)

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15EC68C - PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

LABORATORY

Record

Submitted by

VIDHUSHARANI R(2011066)

AJITHRA S(2011060)

MAHESWARI A(2011069)

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NATIONAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated To Anna University,Chennai)

K.R.NAGAR,KOVILPATTI – 628503

ANNA UNIVERSITY,CHENNAI - 600025

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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this report titled ‘‘MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR

INTELLIGENCE TRANSPORT AND VEHICLE TRACKING
APPLICATIONS’’ is the bonafide work of ‘‘VIDHUSHARANI
R(2011066), AJITHRA S(2011060), MAHESWARI A(2011069)’’ who
carried out this work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr.C.Balamurugan, M.E., Dr.A.SHENBAGAVALLI, M.E,Ph.D

Assistant Professor(SG), Professor & Head,
Department of ECE, Department of ECE,
National Engineering College, National Engineering College,
K.R.Nagar, Kovilpatti. K.R.Nagar, Kovilpatti.
Submitted for the lab examination held at NATIONAL

ENGINEERING COLLEGE, K.R.Nagar, Kovilpatti on …………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER CO-EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost we express our wholehearted gratitude to the
Almighty for providing wisdom and courage to take over this work.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to the Director

Dr.S.Shanmugavel, B.Sc.,D.M.I.T.,Ph.D.,who helped us in carrying
our work successfully.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our principal

Dr.K.Kalidasa Murugavel, M.E., Ph.D., for providing us this
opportunity to do this work.

Our heartfelt acknowledgement goes to the Professor and Head of

the Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Dr.A.Shenbagavalli, M.E., Ph.D., for her valuable and consistent
encouragement for carrying out the work.

We express our deepest gratitude to our Mr.C.Balamurugan, M.E,

Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department for his encouragement.

We hereby acknowledge the efforts of all Staff members, Lab

Technicians of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department, our Parents and our Friends whose help was instrumental
in the completion of our work.

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ABSTRACT
Microstrip patch antenna is a commonly preferred antenna for the low power
wireless transceiver devices because of its unique advantages. In this proposed
work a microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Vehicle Tracking application
intelligent transport systems. This project presents the design of microstrip patch
antennas, which resonates at 2.4 GHz. Proposed antenna is designed on a 4.4
permittivity FR4 epoxy substrate. Performance of the antenna is evaluated
through simulation results using ANSYS HFSS package.

To improve the performance of the antenna interms of radiation characteristics, a

rectangular slot is to be introduced in the radiating patch suitably. Further circular
polarization is to be achieved by suitable modifying the radiating patch and
ground plane of the antenna. Simulated results shows that proposed antenna can
be suitably employed for Vehicle Tracking applications.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE
PAGE NO
ABSTRACT i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 OBJECTIVE 1

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2

2.1 SURVEY REPORT -1 2

2.2 SURVEY REPORT -2 2

2.3 SURVEY REPORT -3 3

2.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 4

2.5 DESIGN EQUATION 5

3 EMPATHY MAPPING 6

4 SIMULATION SOFTWARE 7

4.1 HIGH FREQUENCY SIMULATOR 7

4.2 SOFTWARE GETTING STARTED 8

4.3 CREATING THE GROUND 8

4.4 CREATING THE SUBSTRATE 9

4.5 CREATING THE PATCH 11

4.6 CREATING THE FEED 12

4.7 CREATING THE CUT 13

4.8 CREATING THE PORT 15

4.9 CREATING THE RADIATION PATTERN 16

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4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20

5.1 S – PARAMETER 20

5.2 GAIN 20

5.3 VSWR 21

5.4 DIRECTIVITY 21

6 CONCLUSION 22

7 REFERENCES 23

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CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Circular Polarized antennas are increasingly gaining importance in wireless

communications since they allow signal reception irrespective of the orientation
of the receive antenna with respect to the transmit antenna, and also have the
ability to suppress multipath interference The proposed antenna consists of a
rectangular like patch, which are resonated at (2.4GHZ). Microstrip patch
antennas has conformal planar structure, compactness, low-profile, directive with
high transmission efficiency, light weight, low profile, low cost and ease of
integration with microwave circuit and portable communication equipment’s .
The three essential parameters for the design of a Microstrip Patch Antenna are
frequency of operation(f), dielectric constant of the substrate (εr) and height of
dielectric substrate (h). The di-electric material chosen for the substrate is FR4
which has a dielectric constant(εr) of 4.4 and the height of the dielectric substrate
is 1.6 mm. Patch of dimensions 29.4*38 mm is proposed for the design.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the proposed system is to design a Circularly Polarized

Microstrip Patch Antenna for Intelligence Transport and Vehicle Tracking
application. The proposed antenna patch resonates at (2.4GHZ) frequency. The
proposed antenna simulated using High frequency Structure simulator tool.

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CHAPTER 2
EXISTING ANTENNAS
2.1 SURVEY REPORT 1:
Author: Han Yongjie, Yang Lin
Title: Broadband Dual-mode Circularly-Polarized Microstrip Antenna,
Vehicle-Mounted Antenna and Satellite
The novel broadband dual-mode circularly-polarized microstrip antenna
comprises two dielectric plates By using the two layers of dielectric plates, the
TM11 mode and the TM21 mode of the microstrip antenna are respectively
radiated, and a microstrip antenna of simultaneously radiating two modes in a
single frequency point can be realized; the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna
can be expanded; the impedance bandwidth is up to 12.2%; the cross polarization
at 2.1GHz is greater than 20 dB; and the antenna can be used in satellite
communication and in target positioning and tracking.
2.2 SURVEY REPORT 2
Author: Kalyan Mondal1, Debasree Chanda, Partha P. Sarkar
Title: 5 × 5 Matrix Patch Type Frequency Selective Surface Based Miniaturized
Enhanced Gain Broadband Microstrip Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/ISM Band
Applications.
In this work FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) based broadband, compact and
improved gain microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structures for
WLAN and WiMAX applications are proposed. A comparative study has been
done by using the proposed antenna. It is designed on a Rogers RT/duroid
substrate (dielectric constant 2.2, thickness 1.6 mm, and loss tangent 0.0009). The
structure of the rectangular patch is 0.10λ0 × 0.18λ0 at 5.5 GHz, where λ0 is the
free space wavelength. The lateral ground plane dimensions are
0.29λ0×0.27λ0×0.03λ0 mm3. Broad frequency band is obtained along with three
resonant frequencies at 5.25 GHz, 6.7 GHz and 11.05 GHz. The achieved
frequency band and peak gain are 6.79 GHz (4.93 GHz–11.72 GHz) .

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Maximum size reduction of 86% is achieved. The designed antenna is simulated,

fabricated and measured to verify the results. The measured results are in good
agreement with simulated data. It may be applied in WLAN, WiMAX 5.5/5.8
GHz wireless communication and X band applications.

2.3 SURVEY REPORT 3

Author: Shivani Gupta, Saket Kumar
Title: Review of Compact and Broadband High Gain MicroStrip Patch Antennas

For design compact and broadband microstrip patch antenna variety of

broadband techniques has been developed using the three approaches such as
lowering the Q, impedance matching technique and introduce multiple
resonances. It is known that the factors affecting the bandwidth of a microstrip
patch antenna are primarily the shape of the radiator, the feeding scheme, the
substrate and arrangements of radiating and parasitic elements. In reference
papers use many techniques for design compact and broadband microstrip patch
antenna such as shorted with a set of conductive vias, meta-material unitcell, S-
shaped impedance matching network feed technique and antenna design with
radome. A microstrip patch antenna having a larger sphere suffers from a narrow
bandwidth as the whole volume of the enclosing sphere is not utilized
effectively.

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2.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

A Microstrip Patch Antenna using FR4 substrate for Intelligence Transport and
Vehicle Tracking is designed for the following specifications. Rectangular shape
patch concept is employed as trial and error for obtaining the desired results. FR4
substrate is preferred since it is an electrical insulator with high dielectric strength.
They also feature a high strength-to-weight ratio and are lightweight and resistant
to moisture and it is easily available in the market at very low cost as comparing
with other substrate materials. Design specifications are as mentioned below,

Width of the patch, wp=38 mm

Length of the patch, lp=29.4 mm

Thickness of the substrate, st=1.6 mm

Width of the substrtate = 60 mm

Length of the substrate = 60mm

Width of the ground plane = 60 mm

Length of the ground plane = 60 mm

feed length = 30 mm

feed width = 3 mm

Dielectric constant = 4.4

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2.5 DESIGN EQUATION

A parameter width of the radiating rectangular patch antenna is computed from
equation (1):

Effective dielectric constant of the rectangular patch antenna is determined from

equation (2):

The effective length is specified at the resonance frequency is determined from

equation (3):

Extension length of the rectangular patch antenna is computed from equation(4):

The length “L” of the rectangular patch antenna is calculated from equation(5):

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CHAPTER 4
SIMULATION SOFTWARE

4.1 HIGH FREQUENCY SIMULATOR SOFTWARE (HFSS)

HFSS is a high-performance full wave electromagnetic (EM) field

simulator for arbitrary 3D volumetric passive device modelling that takes
advantage of the familiar Microsoft Windows graphical user interface. It integrates
simulation, visualization, solid modelling, and automation in an easy to learn
environment where solutions to your 3D EM problems are quickly and accurate
obtained. Ansoft HFSS employs the Finite Element Method (FEM), adaptive
meshing, and brilliant graphics to give you unparalleled performance and insight
to all of your 3D EM problems. Ansoft HFSS can be used to calculate parameters
such as S-Parameters ,Resonant Frequency, and Fields. Typical uses include:
• Package Modeling – BGA, QFP, Flip-Chip
• PCB Board Modeling – Power/ Ground planes, Mesh Grid Grounds,
Backplanes
• Silicon/GaAs- Spiral Inductors, Transformers
• EMC/EMI – Mobile Communications – Patches, Dipoles, Horns, Conformal
Cell Phone Antennas, Quadrafilar Helix, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Infinite
Arrays, Radar Section (RCS), Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)
• Connectors – Coax, SFP/XFP, Backplane, Transitions
• Waveguide – Filters, Resonators, Transitions, Couplers
• Filters – Cavity Filters, Micro strip, Dielectric
• HFSS is an interactive simulation system whose basic mesh element is a
tetrahedron. This allows you to solve any arbitrary 3D geometry, especially
those with complex curves and shapes, in a fraction of the time it would take
using other techniques.
• The name HFSS stands for High Frequency Structure Simulator. Ansoft
pioneered the use of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for EM simulation by
developing / implementing technologies.
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• Ansoft HFSS has evolved over a period of years with input from many users and
industries. In industry, Ansoft HFSS is the tool of choice for High productivity
research, development, and virtual prototyping.

4.2 GETTING STARTED

Project 1 is already created by default
Right click on Project 1->Rename
Right click on your project->Insert->Insert HFSS Design

4.3 CREATING A GROUND

Draw a rectangle-> click create rectangle
Fix the position, X size and Y size
Change the name as ground in properties

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4.4 CREATING A SUBSTRATE

Draw rectangle-> click create rectangle
Fix the position, X size and Y size

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• Change the name as substrate by clicking the properties

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4.5 CREATING A PATCH

Draw a rectangle-> click create rectangle
Fix the position, X size and Y size
Change the name as patch in properties

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4.6 CREATING A FEED

Draw a rectangle-> click create rectangle
Fix the position, X size and Y size
Change the name as feed in properties

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4.7 CREATING A CUT

Draw a rectangle-> click create rectangle
Fix the position, X size and Y size
Change the name as cut in properties

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Select patch and cut->click subtract

Select patch and feed->click unite

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4.8 CREATING A PORT

Draw a rectangle-> click create rectangle
Fix the position, Y size and Z size
Change the name as port in properties

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ASSIGN EXCITATION FOR PORT

4.9 Creating a radiation

Create a box and the fix the position and size
Right click and then select faces-> click all the faces in the
radiation box Right click-> assign boundary-> click radiation

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ASSIGN BOUNDARY FOR PATCH AND GROUND

ANALYSIS
Click analysis-> click add solution set up
Change the solution frequency as 2.4Ghz
Select maximum number of passes as 20
Then click frequency sweep
Sweep type – fast
Start – 1Ghz
Stop – 3Ghz
Step size – 0.01

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• Click validation check

• Run the design

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CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 S PARAMETER

5.2 GAIN
It is inferred that the proposed antenna achieves a gain of 2.9dB

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5.3 VSWR

The values of voltage standing wave ratio are obtained below 1 for
ultra wide band frequencies.
5.4 DIRECTIVITY

From the figure, it is inferred that the proposed antenna achieves a directivity of
6.11 dB

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

Microstrip patch antenna has been designed for Intelligence Transport and Vehicle
Tracking application. Proposed microstrip patch antenna using FR4 substrate can
be operated at 2.4 GHz frequency. The Broadband operation of the antenna is
achieved by cutting the radiation patch accordingly. The simulated results shows
that the microstrip patch antenna is suitably employed for Intelligence Transport
and Vehicle Tracking applications. Now we had designed a microstrip patch
antenna for 2.4 ghz in future we will make circular polarization in microstrip patch
antenna for achieve intelligence Transport and Vehicle Tracking application.

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REFERENCES

1)Broadband Dual-mode Circularly-Polarized Microstrip Antenna, Vehicle-

Mounted Antenna and Satellite
2)5 × 5 Matrix Patch Type Frequency Selective Surface Based
Miniaturized Enhanced Gain Broadband Microstrip Antenna
for WLAN/WiMAX/ISM Band Applications
3) Review of Compact and Broadband High Gain Micro Strip Patch Antennas
4)Single-Layer Line-Fed Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna on Thin
Substrates
5)Dual frequency dual polarization microstrip patch antenna of low refraction
guiding dielectric material
6)Ideband single layer microstrip patch antenna
7)Microstrip patch monopulse antenna array
8)Rapid estimation method for directional diagram of radian-deformed
conformal microstrip patch antenna
9)Icrostrip patch antenna for gps terminal having resonance frequency located at
center of signal transmission/reception band

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