CONTENTS

 History of Internet and Web

 Protocols Governing Web

 Writing Web Projects

 Web Development Strategies

1
 INTERNET
It is an utility connecting localized computer networks with computer networks that extend across a wider
area, like a region or a continent.

- The term 'Internet' comes out of the concept of 'internetworking'

- Two recent adaptations of the Internet technology are: Intranet and Extranet.
a) Intranet :
It is an internal private network built within an organization using Internet
and WWW standards that allows employees of an organization to gain
access to corporate information.

b) Extranet :
A network that is accessible only to the members of
organization and external members with logins.
2
 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
• The Internet grew out of many developments in computer networking and telecommunications research.
• Early projects undertaken in early 1960’s by the US military (known as DARPAnet).
• Started with a dozen of Networked computer systems of universities and institutions, allowing computers to
be shared.
• Only people in the government, military and academic had access to the network.
• In 1991, the National Science Foundation (NFS) allowed commercial access to the internet.
• With this, all kinds of agencies began to use the Internet to communicate, exchange data and distribute
information.

** ISPs are required now ***

3
ISP (Internet Service Provider):

- It is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet and
other related services such as Web site development and hosting (web site storage).

- The larger ISPs have their own high-speed leased lines and can provide better
service to their customers.

 Commercial ones out there:

www.aol.com, join.msn.com,

www.NetZero.com, www.Guno.com, …

4
World-Wide Web (WWW):
The WWW is a pair of s/w applications, which allow both distribution of and access to
information on the Internet.
- The web is not the Internet but a means of distributing and accessing the information that
is available on it.

History of the WWW -Introduced in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (Geneva)

- It makes information instantly and conveniently available to

anyone with a connection.

- Communities can stay in touch with one another.

- Researchers can learn of scientific and academic

breakthroughs worldwide. 5
 PROTOCOLS GOVERNING WEB
A protocol is a set of rules that is used to communicate applications to each other.

List of Protocols:

a) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ):

• Set of protocols allow computers to share resources across a network.
• TCP/IP
• They provide a few basic services (file transfer, electronic mail, remote logon, etc…)
• UDP across a network.
• FTP • It is connection-oriented protocol and stateful protocol
• HTTP
• SMTP
• Telnet b) UDP: is a simple, connectionless alternative to TCP ;
used in many Internet applications that require only simple query/response

c) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

- It is the standard used to transfer files over the Internet.
- It is Stateful protocol.
6
cont…
d) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):

• It is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other
multimedia files) on the WWW.
• It is a Stateless Protocol, means request is considered as the new request. In other words,
server doesn't recognize the user by default.
• It is a request response protocol. It uses the reliable TCP connections by default on TCP port
80.

7
Methods of HTTP
HTTP Request Description

GET retrieve or get the information from the given server using a given URL. read=>GET

POST for inserting new items in the backend server. Create NEW record =>POST

HEAD HEAD requests are useful for checking what a GET request will return before actually making a GET request - like
before downloading a large file or response body. Just like GET but with no body.
TRACE Asks for the loopback of the request message, for testing or troubleshooting.

PUT If the record exists then update else create a new record

DELETE To delete a resource specified by its URI.

OPTIONS Asks for a list of the HTTP methods to which the thing at the request URL can respond

e) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):

It is the standard protocol used to exchange Internet mail between TCP/IP
hosts. “Message Handling Systems”
f) Telnet :
Telnet lets you remotely log into another system and browse files and
8
directories on that remote system
 HTTPs

HTTP with an encryption is the HTTPS.

The main difference between these two terms are that HTTPS makes use of TLS
(SSL) encryption for even normal HTTP requests and responses and so HTTPS is
more secure than HTTP.

SSL/TLS stands for Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security

9
 Importance of MIME , SMTP, POP and IMAP in web environment

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

- is a text-based protocol that sends emails between clients and servers. SMTP only handles ASCII text.

POP3(Post Office Protocol version 3)

- is a network protocol that lets users download emails for offline reading and archiving. POP3
downloads messages directly to a device, freeing up storage space on servers.

IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol)

- is a text-based, line-oriented protocol that retrieves and manages emails. IMAP retains the message
on the server, freeing up space on local hard drives. IMAP is ideal for those who access their email from
multiple devices.

MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)

- is an extension that allows users to send different kinds of data files on the Internet. These include
audio files, image files, videos, and application programs. MIME extends the capabilities of Internet e-
mail protocols such as SMTP.
10
 WEB PROJECTS
Web project development is different from other software developments projects in terms of
• Development time is much smaller ( 3 to 6 months).
• Team of Web projects changes on project basis.
• Rapid changing technologies.

Project mission statement Write the specific mission statement that you want to do.

Phases of web projects: Identify Objectives Specific, Measurable , Attainable , Realistic v. Time limited

Identify your target users This is totally depend upon i. Market research ii. Focus group
iii. Understanding the audiences

Determine the scope By supporting documents and client’s approval.

Budget i. Assumption for budgets. ii. Budget categories. iii. Determine

hidden costs and tools.
Planning issues i. Discuss client’s existing information system. ii. Project team
& developing infrastructure. iii. Where to place website 11
Differences between Web Project and Traditional project
Web Project Traditional Project

Attractive GUI GUI not good-looking

Functionality is public oriented Functionality is defined to an organization

Web Project beta technologies are used mature technologies are used
vs. Globally usable hence less secured More secured
Traditional project
A pricing model does not exist A pricing model exists

Team members are less specialized Team roles are more specialized

After completion, changes possible After completion, no frequent changes

Clients are often the unwilling to bear Clients takes all the expenses related to project
the costs of web development development

Project manager has the full Various managers at different levels have the
responsibility of project responsibility of project development
12
 WEB TEAM
• There can be two types of Web Teams.
• Service side
Service side web teams are hired by a company to develop a web site

• Client side
Client side web teams are part of the company that is putting together the web site.

Be it on the service side or the client side, the web team should have:

- Strong strategic components

- Strong content management
- Production process and IT component.
13
CORE TEAM MEMBERS
EXTENDED TEAM MEMBERS

• Projects Manager
• Technical Leader • Account manager
• Web Production Specialist • Programmer
• Creative Header • Network Engineer
• Designers • Information Architect
• Production Artist • Copy Writer
• Quality Assurance Leader • Tester

14
 WEB DEVELOPMENT
- Refers to building website and deploying on the web.
- Requires use of scripting languages both at the server end as well as at client end.

15
Web Development Process

1) Strategy: 2) Design and Specification: 3) Produced desired Result:

• Goals and objectives • Developing concept • Build prototype
• Team building • Content planning • Prototype testing
• Research and review • Rough design • Original design
• Project proposal • Final design • Satisfy the clients need

5) Register with ISP:

4) Testing and maintenance: • Register domain name
• Test the code • Get web space
• Maintain the web server
6) Launch:
• Connect domain name with web server
• Finally host the web accordingly. 16
Difference between Website and Web Application

Website: It is a group of globally accessible, interlinked web pages which have a single domain name.
It can be developed and maintained by an individual, business or organization. The website aims to
serve a variety of purposes. Example: Blogs.
A website is hosted on a single or multiple web server.
•It is an effective method to showcase your products and services, helps to create your
social proof, branding your business, to achieve your business goals, increase your
customer support

17
cont…

Web Application: It is a software or program which is accessible using any web browser.
Its frontend is usually created using languages like HTML, CSS, Javascript, which are
supported by major browsers.
Popular because of the following reasons:
•Compared to desktop applications, web applications are easier to maintain by as they
use the same code in the entire application. There are no compatibility issues.
• can be used on any platform: Windows, Linux, Mac… as they all support modern
browsers.
• accessed 24 hours of the day and 365 days a year from any PC.
•Web-Based Apps are Internet-enabled apps that are accessed through the mobile's web
18