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    Expt 04

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    bluemooncharm1410

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    Expt 04

    Uploaded by

    bluemooncharm1410
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    Expt-04

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    Expt 04

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    of 3

    AIM :- To determine resistance of galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure

    of merit.
    APPARATUS REQUIRED:-
    A Weston type galvanometer, a battery or battery eliminator, two (10,000 Ω and 200
    Ω ) resistance boxes, two one-way keys, a rheostat, a screw gauge, a metre scale, an ammeter
    of given range, connecting wires and piece of sand paper.
    THEORY:-
    The resistance of the given galvanometer as found by half deflection method is given by,
    R.S
    G= Where R is the resistance connected in series with the galvanometer and S is the
    R−S
    shunt resistance.
    E
    The figure of merit, k = Were E is the e.m.f. of the cell and θ is the deflection
    (R + G)
    produced with resistance R.
    The maximum current that can pass through the galvanometer, Ig = n k Where n is the total
    number of divisions on the galvanometer scale on either side of zero.
    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

    Procedure:-
    (a) Resistance of galvanometer by half-deflection method :-
    1. Make the connections accordingly as shown in the circuit diagram.
    2. All plugs of the resistance boxes are tight.
    3. Take out the high resistance (say 2000 Ω) from the resistance box R and insert the key K1
    only.
    4. Adjust the value of R show that deflection is maximum, even in number and within the scale.
    5. Note the deflection let it be θ.
    6. Insert the key K2, also and without changing the value of R, adjust the value of S, and such
    𝜃
    that deflection in the galvanometer reduces to exactly half the value obtain i.e. 2.

    7. Note the value of the resistance S.


    8. Repeat steps 4 to 7 three times taking out different values of R and adjusting S every time.
    (b) Figure of merit
    9. Take one cell of the battery (battery eliminator) and find it’s E.M.F by a voltmeter by connecting
    +ve of the voltmeter with + ve cell and –ve of voltmeter with – ve of the cell. Let it be E.
    10. Make connections as in circuit diagram.
    11. Adjust the value of R to obtain a certain deflection θ (say 30 divisions) when the circuit is
    closed.
    12. Note the values of R and deflection𝜃.
    13. Now change the value of R and note the galvanometer deflection again.
    14. Repeat the steps 9 to 13 with both cells of the battery with different voltages like 2,4,6,8,
    volts from battery eliminator.
    15. Find the figure of merit using the formula.
    OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:-
    1. Table for resistance of the galvanometer by half-deflection method:-

    Serial Deflection in Shunt Galvanometer


    Resistance Half deflection
    No. the Resistance resistance
    R 𝜽
    of Galvanometer S R.S
    (Ohm) 𝟐 G= (ohm)
    Obs θ (ohm) R−S
    1. 3500 28 110 14 113.57
    2. 4000 24 110 12 113.11
    3. 4500 22 110 11 112.76
    4. 5000 20 110 10 112.47
    5. 5500 18 110 09 112.24
    Mean resistance of Galvanometer G = 112.83 ohm.
    2. Table for figure of merit:-

    Resistance Figure of merit


    Serial e.m.f. of the cells E
    from R.B. Deflection k=
    No. E(V) or reading of
    R Θ(div) (R + G)
    of Obs battery eliminator
    (ohm) ADiv -1
    2 3500 28 1.98 x 10-5
    1. 2 4000 24 2.03 x 10-5
    2. 2 4500 22 1.97 x 10-5
    3. 2 5000 20 1.96 x 10-5
    4. 2 5500 18 1.98 x 10-5

    Mean value of figure of merit 1.98 x 10-5 A Div-1.

    1. Calculation for G
    R.S
    (i) Calculate G, using formula, G = and write it in respective column of table.
    R−S
    (ii) Take mean of values of G.
    2. Calculation for k
    E
    (i) Calculate k, using formula, k = .
    (R + G)
    (ii) Take mean of values of k.
    RESULT:-
    1. Resistance of given galvanometer = 112.83 Ω
    2. Figure of merit of given galvanometer = 1.98 x 10-5 A/div.
    PREACAUTIONS :-
    1. All the connections should be neat, clean and tight.
    2. All the plugs in resistance boxes should be tight.
    3. The e. m. f. of cell or battery should be constant.
    4. Initially a high resistance from the resistance box(R) should be introduced in the circuit
    (otherwise for small resistance an excessive current will flow through the galvanometer or
    ammeter can be damaged).
    Sources of error
    1. The screws of the instruments may be loose.
    2. The plugs of resistance boxes may not be clean.
    3. The e. m. f. of battery may not be constant.
    4. The galvanometer divisions may not be of equal size.

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