UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

MAIN EXAMINATION – OCT/NOV 2024

PES3701

Physical Education and Sports Coaching

NON-VENUE-BASED
CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL STUDIES

Total: 100 marks

Duration: 3 hours

This examination question paper consists of 19 pages.

Instructions:
• Read the question paper very carefully.
• All questions are compulsory; you must complete Sections A, B, and C.
• Complete your answers on the examination paper in the spaces or tables provided.
Alternatively, you may submit your own answer script provided that the declaration is
included, your numbering is consistent with the numbering of the exam questions, and your
answers are neat and legible.
• You may type or handwrite your examination.
• Upload your completed examination as a PDF document to the PES3701 examination
submission portal.
• Check and double-check that you upload the correct, required script.
• This is a proctored open-book take-home examination where the use of the Invigilator App
is required.

Remember to click the Honour Pledge before submission if it appears on the screen.
Please complete and sign the declaration form on the next page, and submit it with the
answer script as one document.
 DECLARATION
(Your exam script will not be marked if this is not completed)

I, ………………………………………………………………… (Name & surname)

Student number: …………………………

Module code: ……………......................

hereby declare the following:

I understand Unisa’s policy on plagiarism. This examination is my original work, which I produced. I
have duly acknowledged all other people’s work (both electronic and print) through the proper
reference techniques, as stipulated in this module. I have not copied the work of others and handed
it in as my own. I have also not made my work available to fellow students to submit as their own.

Signature…………………. Date………………….

First examiner: Dr DC Lees

Second examiner: Prof S Krog

The examinations questions begin on the next page

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SECTION A: PARAGRAPH-TYPE QUESTIONS

Complete the following questions in the space provided.

1. From your learning in this module this year, write a paragraph of at least ten points with
examples explaining how you, as a physical educator or coach, can encourage learners to
participate in school sports. (10)

2. Read the following case study and then answer the question that follows:

Case study: Teaching Learners with Special Education Needs in South Africa

Context: In a South African school, Ms Nkosi is working to integrate learners with

disabilities into mainstream physical education classes. The goal is to help these learners
develop physical fitness, motor skills, self-confidence, leadership, and social interaction
skills alongside their able-bodied peers.
 Scenario: Ms Nkosi, a physical education teacher, has a diverse class that includes both
able-bodied learners and learners with disabilities. Among her students are Thabo, who is
deaf, and Lindiwe, who is visually impaired.

Discuss the strategies used by Ms Nkosi to integrate deaf and visually impaired learners
into her physical education class. How do these strategies help to develop physical fitness,
motor skills, self-confidence, leadership, and social interaction among learners with these
disabilities? (10)

3. Provide real-life examples of the four areas relevant to the issue of negligence in the context
of physical education and coaching. In your response, explain how each example
demonstrates the legal responsibilities of educators and the concept of negligence. (10)
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4. Read the following scenario and then answer the question that follows:

High School Netball Event in South Africa

Scenario: During the annual high school sports day at Olympic High School in Johannesburg, a
highly anticipated netball match is taking place. The event is attended by learners, educators,
and parents, creating an exciting atmosphere.

During the match, a netball player suddenly falls to the ground, clutching her knee after a sharp
turn. The coach rushes onto the court to the learner to assess the situation.

Describe how you would use the STOP procedure to assess the injury and determine whether
the player should continue. Then, explain how you would apply the RICER procedure to treat
the injury if deemed minor. (10)
 SECTION A – TOTAL: [40]

SECTION B: COMPULSORY TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

Complete this section by writing down only “True” or “False” in the table provided
at the end of Section B.
1. Formative evaluation of learners in physical education occurs about twice a term, and
summative evaluation may occur weekly.

2. Strength is the ability to resist fatigue under conditions where oxygen intake and
consumption are kept at a steady rate.

3. The physical educator should focus more on formative evaluation because it provides a
better overall picture of the learner’s performance.

4. In evaluating movement skills, checklists are used to show the degree to which movement
characteristics are present. Rating scales are used to indicate the presence or absence of
certain characteristics.

5. Overloading an athlete can be achieved by increasing the frequency of training sessions,

decreasing the intensity of an activity, and increasing the duration.

6. Power results from the best possible combination of strength and speed.

7. Technological advancements have reduced children’s engagement in physical activities,

leading to decreased motor skill development.

8. The physical educator should focus on evaluating fundamental skills in the lower primary
school grades and then move toward evaluating sports skills in grades six and seven.
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9. Training may be defined as a short-term, systematic process to improve an athlete’s fitness

in a specific activity.

10. Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to and what you
intend it to test.

11. Play, like sport, follows a strict set of rules and structured sequences, often leading to a
predetermined conclusion.

12. When studying the origins of physical education, we learn that ancient civilisations
emphasised dancing and playing games.

13. Climate and intensity of activity have been significant factors influencing sport in modern
times.

14. A coach needs to fulfil multiple roles, such as being a fundraiser, a public relations officer,
and a planner.

15. Muscles are not arranged in opposing pairs because muscles cannot pull; they can only
push.

16. The training principle, “specificity,” requires attention to developing primary fitness
components a specific sport requires.

17. One end of the biceps muscle is attached to the scapula, and the other is connected to the
bones of the lower arm.

18. It would be deemed inappropriate for a sports coach to educate parents on handling their
child’s participation in sports.

19. Athletes who excel in sprinting, weightlifting, and high-intensity interval training have fast-
twitch muscle fibres.

20. Arteries carry blood to the heart, and veins carry the blood away from the heart.
21. An endurance sport requires aerobic fitness, and a power sport requires anaerobic fitness.
22. The total training of athletes is divided into mental conditioning and skills training.

23. Blood carries oxygen to the lungs and the digestive system.

24. Long-distance swimming requires stamina and lean muscle and is well suited to
endomorphic athletes.

25. Kyphosis is characterised by a forward curve of the lower back and hyperextended knees.

26. An appropriate exercise to improve athlete endurance includes running at fast speeds with
short recovery periods.

27. A learner exhibiting signs of his or her spinal column being curved may suffer from scoliosis.

28. Incorporating academic skills in physical education lessons to reinforce class learning is
known as “modification.”

29. During post-season management, the coach must arrange publicity, maintain equipment,
and complete records of athlete performance.

30. The “adaptation” training principle requires new training activities to happen quickly to
reduce possible injury.

ANSWER TABLE FOR SECTION B: COMPULSORY TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. 11. 21.

2. 12. 22.

3. 13. 23.

4. 14. 24.

5. 15. 25.

6. 16. 26.

7. 17. 27.

8. 18. 28.
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9. 19. 29.

10. 20. 30.

SECTION B TOTAL: [30]

SECTION C: COMPULSORY MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Complete this section by selecting the most appropriate option (a, b, c, or d) for the table
provided at the end of Section C.

1 Choose the incorrect statement below regarding the aims of physical education:

a. To enhance learners' enjoyment of physical education

b. To develop learners' strength and endurance

c. To develop learners’ intellectual potential

d. To develop learners' positive self-concept

2 Identify the activity below that matches physical education-type activities in

primitive society.

a. Fencing with primitive tools

b. Acrobatics

c. Archery and wrestling

d. Climbing and dancing

3 Identify the correct list of factors that have influenced modern sports.

a. Secularism, age, rationalisation, and records

b. Secularism, rationalisation, qualifications, and rules

c. Secularism, drugs, bureaucratisation, and qualifications

d. Secularism, equality, health, and specialisation

4 Identify the correct statement about muscles:

a. Muscles attach to tendons on either side of the joint.

b. Tendons attach muscles to bones all around the joint.

c. Tendons attach muscles to bones on each side of the joint.

d. None of the above

5 Identify the incorrect statement about certain skeletal muscles:

a. Deltoid muscles can bend the elbow.

b. The trapezius raises the shoulder.

c. The latissimus dorsi draws the arm backward and turns it inwards.

d. The gastrocnemius bends the knee and turns the foot downwards.

6 Which statement about the heart is correct?

a. A person's heart is positioned in the centre and to the left of the chest.

b. One side of the heart receives blood with carbon dioxide that is delivered to the
rest of the body via the arteries.

c. One side of the heart receives blood with oxygen that is then delivered to the rest
of the body via the veins.

d. The heart and lungs provide a steady supply of oxygen for the brain.

7 Which exercise could be used to correct round shoulders?

a. Hip raisers

b. Curl-ups

c. Back arches

d. Pull-ups

8 The physical educator can take a rear view and a side view of a learner to evaluate
his or her posture. Identify the option that correctly explains how to conduct the
side or rear plumb-line test.
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a. Side view: take a line through the middle of the ear and shoulder joint, slightly
behind the ankle bone.

b. Side view: take a line through the middle of the ear and shoulder joint, slightly in
front of the ankle bone.

c. Rear view: take a line through the vertebra and the middle of the buttocks,
and equidistant between the hips.

d. Rearview: take a line through the middle of the head, the vertebra, and the middle
of the buttocks, and equidistant between the hips.

9 The period of childhood to adolescence is divided into categories according to age.

Identify the correct statement below:

a. Adolescence in males can occur between 10 and 22 years, but most commonly
around 13 and 14 years.

b. Childhood is from two years to adolescence.

c. Adolescence in females can occur between the ages of eight and 19, most
commonly around 14 to 16.

d. Infancy is from birth to two years.

10 In middle childhood (6–9 years), the development of relationships is characterised

by …

a. playing alongside other children rather than together.

b. friends who become more important.

c. other children who become more important, and they learn to compare themselves
with others to see who is “the best.”

d. peer groups who can become the dominant influence.

11 Which statement below applies when working with blind and visually impaired
learners?

a. The educator should allow brief practice time to alleviate boredom.

b. The educator should focus on strengthening the learner's upper body muscles.

c. The educator can use specific keywords to communicate the direction in which the
learner should move.

d. The educator should identify safe methods for landing and spreading weight load.

12 Diabetic learners ...

a. should be encouraged to participate at a level suited to their heart capacity.

b. may need insulin injections.

c. may have seizures even though they are under medical supervision.

d. None of the above applies to diabetic learners.

13 Identify the most comprehensive definition of an instructional programme of

physical education:

a. It helps learners to maintain an optimum level of fitness.

b. It includes the teaching of skills and concepts.

c. It encompasses the physical activities that are taught in the programme.

d. It involves the teaching strategies, activities, and methods.

14 Physical education activities taught to learners at the middle childhood

development level should focus on …

a. creative and exploratory teaching strategies through dance, gymnastics, and

games.

b. sporting codes such as soccer, basketball, and tennis.

c. acquiring relevant life skills.

d. learning sports rules and developing specific skills.

15 A good lesson plan for physical education will include at least the following
activities:
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a. Adhering to the school’s code of ethics, evaluation, good weather, and learners'
competence

b. Space availability, good weather, and healthy school climate

c. Dress code, cultural considerations, and time allocation

d. Equipment set up, introductory activities, learning of skills, and evaluation

16 As a coach of the sprinters of your school athletics team, you need to recommend
a specific diet for the sprinters. Identify the statement below that gives the most
correct eating ratios for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats:

a. Protein 23%, carbohydrates 70%, and fat 7%

b. Protein 18%, carbohydrates 63%, and fat 19%

c. Protein 30%, carbohydrates 50%, and fat 20%

d. protein 13%, carbohydrates 70%, and fat 17%

17 Before a netball match, you notice that a parent of one of your players is offering
the team crisps, fizzy drinks, and sweets. As a sports coach who wants to have
positive relations with parents, you should …

a. tell the parent he or she is being negligent because the food offered will negatively
affect learners’ sports performance.

b. thank the parent for providing such food, as it will give the learners an energy boost
during the netball match.

c. keep quiet but plan to offer a parent programme soon, educating them on the
importance of providing healthy, nutritious foods before a sports match.

d. ignore what is happening because the parents are responsible for the learners.

18 Narcotic analgesics are used in sports to …

a. build power and reduce the recovery rate after training.

b. help athletes work at high levels of performance for a longer period.

c. accelerate the healing of body tissue.

d. stimulate the athlete for better physical performance.

19 Identify the incorrect statement below. As a sports coach, you could educate your
learners not to take drugs by …

a. encouraging them not to take anti-inflammatory or other prescribed drugs.

b. implementing random drug tests at the school where you coach.

c. warning them against the negative health effects of smoking and drinking alcohol.

d. setting a good example for your learners by refraining from drugs of any kind.

20 Physical educators and sports coaches must know how to deal with more serious
injuries. Identify the correct statement:

a. A rugby player sustains a blow to his head and falls to the ground unconscious.
The educator or coach must move the rugby player to the school sick bay to assist.

b. A hockey player breaks her nose when she is hit by a hockey ball. The player’s
nose is bleeding profusely. The educator or coach must encourage the injured
player to blow her nose into a wet cloth to stop the bleeding.

c. A netball player breaks her arm during a match. The educator or coach must use
the RICER procedure, phone the parents, and ensure the netball match continues.

d. A soccer player falls and hurts his neck. He tells you, the educator or coach that
he has lost sensation in his legs. You should immediately call an ambulance and
ensure that no one moves the learner.

21 Why is an understanding of human anatomy crucial for a physical educator?

a. The importance of anatomy in physical education is equal to the overall goals of

the curriculum.

b. To avoid injuries during physical activities by relying solely on trial and error rather
than understanding the body's physiology

c. To design effective exercise programmes tailored to individual needs and to

prevent injuries through proper technique instruction
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d. To allow a focus on improving physical fitness without having to consider the
underlying physiological mechanisms

22 Why must a physical education teacher or coach know about ectomorphic,

endomorphic, and mesomorphic body types?

a. To tailor training programmes and activities to each body type's specific needs and
characteristics

b. To focus on generic training programmes without considering individual body

composition variations

c. To disregard the role of genetics in athletic performance and physical development

d. They should rely on their own knowledge base of body types and not be concerned
about the impact of different body types on athletic performance.

23 Which statement accurately reflects the significance of skeletal growth and

development for primary school learners in physical education teaching and
coaching?

a. Heavy weights and vigorous exercises should be encouraged during growth to

strengthen the bones.

b. Skeletal changes during growth periods necessitate caution in physical education

activities to avoid injuries.

c. Once skeletal growth is complete for such learners, there is no need to consider
the impact of physical activities on bone health or injury prevention.

d. Skeletal growth and development do not significantly affect physical education

teaching and coaching methods.

24 Identify the incorrect statement about the fifth phase of motor development in
children:
a. The most important aim in this phase is to solely develop and refine specific
movement skills, with little emphasis on fundamental and general movement
abilities.

b. Specific movement skills during this phase are refined to perform in advanced
lead-up activities and the official sport, emphasising form, skill, and accuracy.

c. The focus on skill development may lead to a product-oriented approach,

potentially promoting failure rather than success if not balanced properly.

d. Skills in this phase are primarily learned through modelling, with feelings of
success or failure often stemming from comparisons with the offered model.

25 How can a physical educator or coach adapt games and their rules to suit younger,
developing children?

a. Keep rules unchanged regardless of children's skill levels, as it is important for

them to learn to adapt to standard game conditions from an early age.

b. Use standard techniques and equipment for adult athletes to challenge children
and accelerate their skill development.

c. Provide children with standard equipment to encourage them to push their limits
and develop strength and skills more rapidly.

d. Modify techniques and use appropriately sized equipment and adjust rules to
accommodate children's developmental stages and skill levels.

26 Identify one incorrect benefit of an inclusive physical education programme.

a. Special educators learn what is appropriate for learners without disabilities,

enhancing their understanding of diverse learning needs and strategies.

b. It creates a separate, less stressful environment for learners with disabilities

regarding integration with siblings and peers.

c. It supports learners as they grow in dignity, self-confidence, and self-esteem

through enjoyable and rewarding physical activity.
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d. Learners without disabilities get a broader perspective on life and their own
abilities.

27 Which statement regarding teaching physical education to cerebral-palsied (CP)

learners is inaccurate?

a. Given that cognitive abilities may be less developed in CP learners than their able-
bodied peers, clear and comprehensive explanations are essential in instructional
delivery.

b. Various factors such as temperature, body position, type of movement, emotions,

and fatigue may influence muscle tone in CP learners.

c. CP learners typically respond best to diverse teaching methods tailored to their

needs rather than relying solely on repetitive learning drills.

d. It is crucial to prevent permanent muscle shortening caused by muscle spasticity

or paralysis when designing a flexibility programme for CP learners.

28 Which guideline for the physical educator is most incorrect when teaching a
learner in a wheelchair?

a. Strengthen muscles wherever possible.

b. Muscle groups used for specific movements are not a consideration for teaching
physical education to learners in wheelchairs.

c. Severe spinal cord injury impairs the ability to regulate body temperature. So,
ensure that affected learners get enough to drink and cool down in hot conditions.

d. Find ways to build fitness and drilling skills without overusing the upper body.

29 Which statement regarding medical conditions for disabled learners is correct?

a. Tranquilisers are commonly prescribed to learners with intellectual disabilities to

decrease their self-control.

b. Educators should be familiar with learners' medical conditions but do not

administer medication.
c. Learners with hyperactivity are often not prescribed medication as it may
exacerbate their symptoms.

d. Educators are responsible for administering medication to learners with disabilities

as their doctors prescribe.

30 Which statement best explains why the sweating and vasodilation responses are
critical during athletic activities in hot conditions?

a. By sweating and increasing blood flow to the skin (vasodilation), athletes can cool
down their body temperature, counteracting the heat generated by muscular
activity.

b. Sweating and vasodilation reduce the body's need for oxygen, allowing athletes to
perform better in endurance sports.

c. Vasodilation increases the blood flow to the working muscles, thus improving the
athlete's strength and power during performance.

d. Sweating increases the body's water retention, helping athletes stay hydrated for
longer during physical activities.

ANSWER TABLE FOR SECTION C: COMPULSORY MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. 11. 21.

2. 12. 22.

3. 13. 23.

4. 14. 24.

5. 15. 25.

6. 16. 26.

7. 17. 27.

8. 18. 28.

9. 19. 29.

10. 20. 30.

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SECTION C – TOTAL: [30]

TOTAL FOR EXAMINATION: [100]

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