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البندولالبسيط

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Introduction .

A simple pendulum consists of a weight (bob) attached to a string or rod, which swings
back and forth under the influence of gravity. The purpose of this experiment is to explore
the relationship between the length of the pendulum and the period of its oscillation. We
.will use this relationship to verify the formula for the period of a simple pendulum

Objective .2

The main objective of this experiment is to measure the period of a simple pendulum and
investigate how it depends on the length of the string. Additionally, we aim to verify the
:theoretical formula for the period of a simple pendulum

T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}

period of the pendulum =

length of the pendulum =

acceleration due to gravity =

Experiment Tools .3

Bob (small heavy object)

String or inextensible thread

Stopwatch

Ruler or measuring tape

Protractor (optional, for measuring small angles)

Stand (to suspend the pendulum)

Clamp (to hold the string)

Experiment Connection Diagram .4

A stand is used to hold the string, with the bob attached at the free end. The string is
attached to the stand using a clamp or knot. The bob is pulled to one side at a small angle
(less than 15°) and released. The stopwatch is used to measure the time for one complete
:oscillation (period). The setup is illustrated below
Procedures .5

.Set up the pendulum by attaching a bob to a string, and secure the string to a stand .1

.Measure the length of the pendulum (from the pivot point to the center of the bob) .2

.Displace the pendulum by a small angle (less than 15°) and release it gently .3
.Start the stopwatch as the bob passes through the lowest point .4

Measure the time for 10 complete oscillations and calculate the average time per .5
.oscillation (T)

Repeat the experiment for different lengths of the string (e.g., 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 .6
.cm, and 100 cm)

.Record the data in a table .7

Results .6

Curve .7

Plot a graph of the square of the period on the y-axis against the length on the x-axis.
The graph should be a straight line, confirming that is proportional to . The slope of this
.line can be used to calculate (acceleration due to gravity)

Conclusion .8

From the graph and the experimental data, we can conclude that the period of a simple
pendulum increases with the square root of its length. The experiment also confirms the
theoretical relationship between the length of the pendulum and its period. By analyzing
.the slope of the graph, the acceleration due to gravity can be estimated

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