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    Selected Solutions of Problem Set 1

    Uploaded by

    abel.aryanghosh
    Classical Mechanics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Selected Solutions of Problem Set 1

    Uploaded by

    abel.aryanghosh
    9 views2 pages
    Classical Mechanics

    Original Title

    20210423052351768799

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Classical Mechanics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views2 pages

    Selected Solutions of Problem Set 1

    Uploaded by

    abel.aryanghosh
    Classical Mechanics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Selected Solutions of Problem set 1

    1. Two particles of masses 𝑚 and 𝑚 move so that their relative velocity is 𝒗 and the
    velocity of their center of mass is 𝒗. If the total mass of the system is 𝑀 = 𝑚 + 𝑚 and
    𝜇= (called the reduced mass), prove that the kinetic energy of the system is
    𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐

    𝑀𝑣̅ + 𝜇𝑣 .
    Solution
    Suppose the coordinates of the masses 𝑚 , 𝑚 are respectively 𝒓 , 𝒓 . The relative coordinate
    (of mass 𝑚 with respect to 𝑚 ) is then 𝒓 = 𝒓 − 𝒓 . If the coordinate of the center of mass
    is 𝑹, then
    𝑚 𝒓 +𝑚 𝒓
    𝑹= (1)
    𝑀
    The velocity of the center of mass is then
    𝑑𝑹 𝑚 𝒓̇ + 𝑚 𝒓̇
    𝑣̅ = = (2)
    𝑑𝑡 𝑀
    where 𝑀 = 𝑚 + 𝑚 . The coordinates of the particles relative to the center of mass is
    𝑚 𝒓 +𝑚 𝒓 𝑚 (𝒓 − 𝒓 ) 𝑚
    𝒓 =𝒓 −𝑹=𝒓 − = = 𝒓
    𝑚 +𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚

    Noting that 𝜇 = , we get


    𝒓
    𝜇 𝒓
    𝒓 = 𝒓.
    𝑚
    𝒓
    Similarly,
    𝜇
    𝒓𝟐 = − 𝒓.
    𝑚
    Now the total kinetic energy (KE) of the system
    = Kinetic energy of the motion of center of mass with the entire mass concentrated on it
    + Kinetic energy of motion of the particles about the center of mass

    1 1 𝟐
    = 𝑀𝑣̅ + 𝑚 𝒓̇ (3)
    2 2

    For the second term in Eq. (3),


    𝜇 𝜇
    𝑚 𝒓̇ =𝑚 𝒓̇ + 𝑚 𝒓̇
    𝑚 𝑚
    1 1 1
    = + 𝜇 𝒓̇ = 𝜇 𝒓̇ = 𝜇𝒓̇
    𝑚 𝑚 𝜇
    Therefore from Eq. (3),

    The total KE = 𝑀𝑣̅ + 𝜇𝒗 .

    1. Prove the result


    ∇⃗ 𝑉 = ∇⃗ 𝑉 = −∇⃗ 𝑉 .
    Partial solution

    𝑉 =𝑉 𝒓 −𝒓 =𝑉 𝒓 =𝑉 𝑟 , (1)

    where 𝑟 = 𝑥 −𝑥 + 𝑦 −𝑦 + 𝑧 −𝑧 = 𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 .

    𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
    ∇⃗ 𝑉 = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ +𝑘 . (2)
    𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
    𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑟
    =
    𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑥
    𝜕𝑉 1 2 𝑥 −𝑥
    = ×
    𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟
    𝜕𝑉 𝑥 −𝑥 𝜕𝑉 𝑥
    = = (3)
    𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟

    Also,
    𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑉 𝑥
    = =
    𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝑟

    Substituting in Eq. (3) we have,


    𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
    = .
    𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

    Similarly compute , and finally ∇⃗ 𝑉 . The other part containing ∇⃗ 𝑉 is proved in a


    similar way.

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