G7RC24 Math 3

3.1 The Real Number System

1) Natural numbers (N) - common numbers used in counting

2) Whole numbers (W) - natural numbers and zero
3) Integers (Z) - whole numbers and their negatives
4) Rational numbers (Q) - all that can be rewritten as fractions (this includes decimals, repeating decimals
and perfect squares.)
5) Irrational numbers (P) -all numbers that cannot be rewritten as fractions (this includes pi, non-perfect
squares and non-terminating non-repeating decimals.)
6) Real numbers ®- both rational and irrational numbers.

Whole numbers can be categorized as Prime or Composite numbers

1) Prime numbers - numbers greater than 1 with only 1 and itself as factors (2,3,5,7,11…)
2) Composite numbers - numbers greater than one with factors other than 1 and itself. (4, 6, 8, 9, 10…)

3.2 Prime factorization

- to represent that number as a product of prime numbers.
- common methods include factor tree and ladder method

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3.3 Divisibility rules

3.4 Greatest common factor or GCF

- The largest factor that all the given numbers share
- The biggest number that can divide all given numbers without a remainder
- The GCF will always be equal to or less than the given numbers
- Example: the GCF of 20 and 36 is 4

3.5 Least Common Multiple or LCM

- The least multiple that all the numbers share
- The smallest number that can be divided by all the given numbers without remainder
- The LCM will always be equal to or greater than the given numbers
- Example: the LCM of 20 and 36 is 180

Easy way of getting both GCF and LCM (Ladder Method)

Examples:
1) 80, 104
2) 12, 15, 18
3) 20, 36, 50
4) 80, 104, 75
5) 35, 63, 147
(seatwork on GCF and LCM)

3.6 Fractions:
A. Types (see SLG Math 1)
B. Converting (see SLG Math 1)
C. Comparing (seatwork/boardwork)
D. Operations (see worksheet A and B)

3.6 Algebra
A. Translating verbal phrases to algebraic expressions/equations (see worksheet)
B. Solving linear equations in one variable /solving for x (see worksheet)
C. Consecutive Integer word problems
D. Work rate word problems
E. Speed word problems
F. Ratio and proportion word problems (see SLG Math 2)
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Name : Score :
Teacher : Date :

Using Prime Factorization to find the LCM and GCF

LCM GCF

1) 60, 94, 112

2) 88, 52, 112

3) 45, 94, 82

4) 50, 38, 46

5) 2, 14, 116

6) 60, 110, 16

7) 30, 74, 86

8) 85, 44, 74

9) 12, 108, 54

10) 40, 2, 66

11) 18, 42, 72

12) 106, 54, 108 3

Math-Aids.Com
Use the ladder method to find the GCF and LMC of the given numbers. Factors Worksheets
Name : Score :
Teacher : Date :

Write the Correct Comparison Symbol ( >, < or = ) in Each Box

4 1 1 1
1) 11 )
9 10 3 4

5 5 2 5
2) 12 )
9 8 5 6

1 1 9 8
3) 13 )
2 2 12 12

2 7 5 1
4) 14 )
11 11 6 2

6 2 6 2
5) 15 )
8 5 7 3

2 4 4 5
6) 16 )
5 8 6 12

3 8 2 7
7) 17 )
4 9 3 10

1 1 7 4
8) 18 )
2 3 11 9

6 2 4 1
9) 19 )
10 6 10 4

7 6 1 6
10 ) 20 ) 4
12 11 8 7
Math-Aids.Com
Fractions Worksheets
Name : Score :
Teacher : Date :

Mixed Problems with Fractions

7 6
1) x =
15 12
7 2
2) ÷ =
15 7
7 1
3) - =
9 2
9 9
4) x =
14 15
4 2
5) - =
7 15
5 2
6) ÷ =
6 14
10 3
7) - =
14 6
2 2
8) + =
6 7
4 9
9) x =
5 15
1 7
10 ) ÷ =
2 9
1 4
11 ) + =
5 8
4 11
12 ) + = 5
5 15

Make sure your final answer is in lowest terms. Math-Aids.Com

Name : Score :
Teacher : Date :

Mixed Problems with Fractions

4 8
1) ÷ =
16 15
15 2
2) ÷ =
18 8
1 17
3) x =
2 20
1 1
4) - =
2 3
14 3
5) + =
18 10
2 1
6) x =
3 14
9 11
7) ÷ =
18 20
1 10
8) + =
5 14
7 4
9) - =
16 20
1 1
10 ) - =
4 7
7 10
11 ) + =
9 20
1 1
12 ) x =
3 9 6

Make sure your final answer is in lowest terms. Math-Aids.Com

Math 6/7 NOTES (5.4) Name:_______________________________

Translating Verbal Phrases to Algebraic Expressions

To translate statements into expressions and equations:
 Identify ___________ _____________ that indicate the operation.
 Write the numbers/variables in the correct order.

The SUM of _____________ and _____________ : ______________________

The DIFFERENCE of _____________ and _____________ : ______________________
The PRODUCT of _____________ and _____________ : ______________________
The QUOTIENT of _____________ and _____________ : ______________________

Write each verbal phrase as an algebraic expression.

1) the sum of 8 and t 2) the quotient of g and 15

3) the product of 5 and b 4) the difference of 32 and x

LESS THAN (the first number subtracted from the second!

SWITCH THE
ORDER OF
MORE THAN (the first number added to the second!
THE TERMS!

Write the phrase five dollars less than Jennifer earned as an algebraic expression.

Key Words five dollars less than Jennifer earned

Variable Let d represent # of $ Jennifer earned
Expression d–5

5) Eight more than x 6) Six less than p

7) 14 less than f 8) p more than 10

9) 33more
moreruns
than q Pirates scored
than 10) 12 less than some number

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 IS, EQUALS, IS EQUAL TO… Substitute with equal sign.

11) Arthur is 8 years younger than Janet 12) Kelly’s test score is 6 points higher than Mike’s
Arthur's age = a Kelly's score = k
Janet's age = j Mike's score = m
13) 5 more than a number is 6. 14) The product of 7 and b is equal to 63.

15) The sum of r and 45 is 79. 16) The quotient of x and 7 is equal to 13.

TWICE = DOUBLE = 2 times a number = multiply by 2

HALF = divide the number by 2

17) Twice as many points as Bob 18) Half the age of Sally
b = Bob's points s = Sally's age

YOU MUST USE

SKIP PARENTHESES to x or ÷ a
(SUM) or (DIFFERENCE)!
Writing Two-Step Expressions and Equations

19) Six less than twice a number x is four 20) Four more than the product of 2 and a

21) Nine times a number decreased by four 22) Two less than the quotient of 15 and a number

23) Five times the sum of six and some number 24) The quotient of 7 and d decreased by 9

25) Twice the difference of y and three 26) The difference of 9 and the quotient of s and –4

27) The sum of 5 and product of 7 and x 28) Three more than quotient of 5 and a

29) The product of 4 and the difference of x and 3 30) The product of the difference of x and 3 and 4

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Math 6/7 Homework (5.4) Name:_______________________________

Addition Phrases Expression Subtraction Phrases Expression

8 more than a number The difference of r and 6
The sum of 8 and a number x+8 r decreased by 6 r-6
x increased by 8 6 less than a number
the total of x and 8 6 subtracted from a number
Multiplication Phrases Expression Division Phrases Expression
Twice a number The quotient of z and 3
The product of 2 and n 2n A number divided by 3
2 multiplied by a number The ratio of z and 3
2 times a number

HOMEWORK
Translate each verbal phrase into an algebraic expression or equation.

1) Seven less than a number is 15 2) The total of 5 and c

3) 7 less than m 4) The sum of a number and 16 is 23

5) the score increased by 8 points 6) The quotient of w and 10 is equal to 7

s = score

7) 17 more than some number is 57 8) $12 less than the original price is $48
p = original price

SKIP
Translate each algebraic expression or equation into a verbal phrase.

9) 9y _________________________________________________________________________

10) x – 8 = 14 _________________________________________________________________________

11) = 24 ________________________________________________________________________________

12) k + 12 ________________________________________________________________________________

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extra practice at home
Translate each verbal phrase into an algebraic expression or equation.

13) Seven more than the quotient of a number and 2 is 10. 14) Five less than twice a number is 7.

15) One less than the product of four and a number is 11. 16) Six less than six times a number is 12.

17) Ten more than the quotient of a number and 3 is 12. 18) Seven more than twice a number is 1.

19) The sum of 9 and the quotient of x and 7 is 11. 20) The product of 8 and the difference of n and 3.

SKIP
Translate each expression or equation into a verbal phrase.

21) 2 ( 5 + t ) = 8 _______________________________________________________________________

22) - 10 = 3 ______________________________________________________________________________

23) 7(b + 2) ________________________________________________________________________

24) 2c – 5 ________________________________________________________________________

25) 17(y + 11) ______________________________________________________________________________

26) 3b – 8 ______________________________________________________________________________

27. The sum of a number and 16 is equal to 45. 28. The product of 6 and m is 216.

29. The difference of 100 and x is 57. 30. The quotient of z and 10 increased by 32.

31. $18 less than the original price is $48. 32. 17 more than some number is equal to 85.

33. The number of members divided by 6 is 15. 34. The total of Joshua’s savings and $350 is $925.

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 SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS
Goal: The goal of solving a linear equation is to find the value of the variable that will make the
statement (equation) true.

Method: Perform operations to both sides of the equation in order to isolate the variable.

Addition and Subtraction Properties of Multiplication and Division Properties of

Equality: Equality:
Let
, , and  represent algebraic expressions. Let
, , and  represent algebraic expressions.
1. Addition property of equality: 1. Multiplication property of equality:
If
 , If
 ,
then
      then
  
2. Subtraction property of equality: 2. Division property of equality:
If
 , If
 ,
then
      then

 (provided  0)
 

Clearing Fractions or Decimals in an Equation:

When solving an equation with fractions or decimals, there is an option of clearing the fractions or
decimals in order to create a simpler equation involving whole numbers.
1. To clear fractions, multiply both sides of the equation (distributing to all terms) by the LCD of all
the fractions.
2. To clear decimals, multiply both sides of the equation (distributing to all terms) by the lowest
power of 10 that will make all decimals whole numbers.

Steps for Solving a Linear Equation in One Variable:

1. Simplify both sides of the equation.
2. Use the addition or subtraction properties of equality to collect the variable terms on one side of
the equation and the constant terms on the other.
3. Use the multiplication or division properties of equality to make the coefficient of the variable
term equal to 1.
4. Check your answer by substituting your solution into the original equation.
Note: If when solving an equation, the variables are eliminated to reveal a true statement such as,
13  13, then the solution is all real numbers. This type of equation is called an identity. On the
other hand, if the variables are eliminated to reveal a false statement such as, 7  3, then there is no
solution. This type of equation is called a contradiction. All other linear equations which have only one
solution are called conditional.

Examples:
A.   5  2 Check:
5 5 7  5  2
  7
2  2 (Solution Checks)
B.   3  7 Check:
3 3 10  3  7
  10 7  7 (Solution Checks)

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C. 3  24 Check:
3 24 38  24

3 3 24  24 (Solution Checks)
8
D. 7  28 Check:
7 28 74  28

7 7 28  28 (Solution Checks)
  4

E.   4 Check:

    2 6
·  · (Multiply by the reciprocal)    4
    3 1
  6 4  4 (Solution Checks)
F. 2 Check:
!
5 " 10
·  25 2
1 5 5
"  10 2  2 (Solution Checks)
Identity Example: Contradiction Example:
G. 2  6  3  2   H. 5  3  4  2  
2  6  3  6   5  3  4  8  
2  6  2  6 5  3  5  8
2  2 5  5
6  6 True Statement 3  8 False Statement
Solution: all real numbers No Solution
I. 10  5  3  4  2  7
10  5  3  12  2  14 Check:
10  5    26 10  56  36  4  26  7
   10  30  32  213
10  6  26 20  6  26
10  10 20  20 (Solution Checks)
6  36
#$ #
#
 #
6
$ $
J.   2 (LCD is 10) K. 0.05  0.25  0.2
! 
2 4 1000.05  0.25  0.2100
10     210 5  25  20
5 2
10   2 10   4 25  25
·  ·  20 !$ !
1 5 1 2 
! !
2  2  5  4  20   1
2  4  5  20  20 Check:
3  16  20 0.051  0.25  0.2
16  16
$ 
0.05  0.25  0.2

  0.2  0.2 (Solution Checks)

  

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 LINEAR EQUATIONS PRACTICE
1. 4  4 37.

 
 .
68.
)
   45
-  ! !
2.   6  7  
38.    2 69.    36
 )
3. 47
$ 39.
$
 
$ 
70. 4  4  40
4.  9  # 

  71. 9  7  34

   26
2  4  8
40.
5.  ! '
 * 72. "68
-
6. 14  3  2 41. 
( !
73. 10    6
8  3  19  

7.
42.
# ) 74. 2  4  1
8. 6  9 $+ 
43.  75. 9  9  9
9.   12 ' '
$ $
$+!

'  2
3  2  6 44. 76.
10. #   !
$ $
11. 32  8  12 45. 6 
$ $ 77.  2
 - ' )
12. 46  2  0 $ $ 
$
 6
$
46.   78.
 )
  
13. 3  2  6  15 $ $
!  1
   3
79.
- )
4  2  3
47.
14. 
!
!

 "46
27  46  2  
80.
15. 48. )
 
4  6  7  9  18 $ $ ! 81.   0.4  3.5
 
16.
49.
  #
17. 4  3  2  10 82. 5  3  45
$
50.   12
18. 3  3  2  1  83. 3  7  9
  12 4  6  12
9  6  3  30
51. 84.
19.
2  16 8  2  5  6
  2  23  6
52. 85.
20.
2  14 2  7  4  9
2  6  3  9  3
53. 86.
21.

5  3  2  10 54.   8 87. 1  3  2  3  2
22. '

23. 3  12  24  9 55.


2 88. 3  4  2  5  3
'
24. 2  4  3  5 $ 89. 3.65  7.4  1.12  21.76
56.  4

25. 42  3  4  8  8 90. 8  3  2  6  3  4
57.   26
26. 6  11  6  5 91. 10  3  10  13  3  7
58. 3  15
27. 2  7  6  9  4 92. 6  3  5  1  3  2
59. 4  32
28. 53  4  6  20  9 93. 10  5  3  4  2  7

60. 5 9.2"  4.3  50.9
29. 4  3    5  0  94.

30. 24    6  2  3 61. 5 95. 0.05/  0.2  0.15/  10.5
)


$ ! 0.2560  0.10 
   15
31. 96.
' 
62.

$ (
0.1560  
#
32.  63.    30
 # ! 97. 0.530  87  1.50  43.5
) ) #
33.  64.   90 98. 0.4"  10  0.6"  2
( ! !

34.


*+
65.

4 99. 21.11  4.6  10.91  35.2
  
  ' 100. 0.125  0.0255  1
35.  66.   168
!  #
, ,
36.  9 67.

2
( ! #

13
 LINEAR EQUATIONS PRACTICE ANSWERS

1.  1 26.   

51.   12 77.   63

2.   13 52. 8 78.   27
27. No Solution
3.   11 53.   7 79.   72
28. All real numbers
4.   27 ' 54.   56 80. "  18
29.  
5.  2  55.   14 81.   2.5
 (
6.   30.    '
56.   8 82.   12

  12   26   10
7.   2 31. 57. 83.
  5 5 3
8.   3 32. 58. 84.
)
2   8 85.  
9.   12 33. 59.

/0   15 
10.   4
60.
34. 86.   

5   45 -
11.   6 35. 61.
9 87.   4
12.   3 36. 2  30 62.
  25 88.   6
13.   
 37. 15 63.
!    75 89.  3 2.3
38.   
64.
14.   5 65.   12 90. All real numbers
  19 3
  144
15. 39. 91. No Solution
66.
  1
 30 92.   5
  12
16. 40.
67.
 0 /  30 93.   6
  25
17. 41.
68.
18.   !
   1 94. "  6
  81
42.
69.
  1 95. /  107
  9
43.
19.   3 70.
4 96.   120
  3
(
44.
20.     16
71.
'
"  16
45. 97. All real numbers
72.
21.   0 46.    !

98. "  2
73. 4
22.   1 !  99. 1  3
47.   - 74.    #
23. No Solution 100. No Solution
24.   
 48. "  1 75.   

!
49.   14
76.   15
50.   48
25. All real numbers

14