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Mathematics Form 3 - Chapter 2 Standard Form

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Chan Soon won
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249 views

Mathematics Form 3 - Chapter 2 Standard Form

Uploaded by

Chan Soon won
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics Form 3 – Chapter 2 Standard Form

2.7.2024
2.1 Significant Figures
Definition
 Significant figure shows the level of accuracy of a
measurement.
 All digits are significant figures except the zero before the
first non-zero digit.
Example
i. 0.032  2 significant figure/ 2 s. f.
ii. 0.0740  3 significant figure/ 3 s. f.
Integers
 The value of significant figure for zero as the last digit
depends on the required level of accuracy.
Example
i. 24 000  5 s. f.
(if the level of accuracy is to the nearest one)
ii. 24 000  2 s. f.
(if the level of accuracy is to the nearest thousand)
iii. 24 000  3 s. f.
(if the level of accuracy is to the nearest hundred)
Round of significant figures
 For integers, the decimal point is placed behind the last
digit.
 The first non-zero digits is a significant figure.
 The digits before the decimal point will be placed with 0
when rounding off.

1
Example
a) Round off 7 861 to 2 significant figures.
The digit to be rounded off is 8.
6 > 5, thus add 1 to 8.
6 and 1 are placed before decimal point.
Thus, replace 6 and 1 with 0.
 7 861 = 7 900 (2 s. f.)
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b) Round off 8 213 to 3 significant figures.
The digit to be rounded off is 1.
3 < 5, thus digit 1 remains unchanged.
3 is placed before decimal point.
Thus, replace 3 with 0.
 8 213 = 8 210 (3 s. f.)
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c) Round off 24.68 to 1 significant figure.
The digit to be rounded off is 2.
4 < 5, thus digit 2 remains unchanged.
4 is placed before decimal point.
Thus, replace 4 with 0.
6 and 8 are dropped.
 24.68 = 20 (1 s. f.)

2
Mind Test 2.1
a) Determine the number of significant figures in each of these
numbers.
Number Significant Figures
1) 357
2) 10 000
3) 51 015
4) 6.060 ×10−2
5) 0.0007
6) 4.556 × 10−9
7) 5 050
8) 5050.0
9) 6.8 ×103
10) 0.002110

3
2.2 Standard Form
Definition

of A ×10 n where 1 ≤ A ≤ 10 and n is an integer.


 Standard form is a way to write a single number in the form

Example
i. 82 000 = 8.2 ×10 4
ii. 0.00464 = 4.64 ×10−3
Basic operations involving numbers in standard form
 n
S ×10 +t ×10
n

=( S+T ) × 10n
 n
S ×10 −t ×10
n

=( S−t ) ×10n
 ( S ×10 m ) × ( t × 10n )=( S ×T ) ×10m +n
 ( S ×10 m ) ÷ ( T ×10n ) =( S ÷ T ) × 10m−n
Example
 4
3.44 × 10 + 4.20× 10
4

=( 3.44+ 4.20 ) ×10 4


=7.64 × 104
 −5
4.52 ×10 −4.8× 10
−6

=4.52 ×10 1 ×10−6−4.8 ×10−6


=( 45.2−4.80 ) × 10−6
=40.4 ×10−6=4.04 ×10−5
 4
2 ×10 × 6.2× 10
2

=( 2 ×6.2 ) ×10 4+2


=12.4 × 106
=1.24 × 101 ×10 6
=1.24 × 107
4
Mind Test 2.2
Write the following numbers in standard form.
a. 3 200 =____________________
b. 760 =____________________
c. 4 730 =____________________
d. 9 300 =____________________
e. 12 600 =____________________
f. 83 460 =____________________
Solve each of the following problem.
1. The speed of light is 3 ×10 8m/s. Venus is 108 million km from the
Sun. Calculate the number of minutes it takes for sunlight to
reach Venus.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The speed of light is 3 ×10 8 m/s. Jupiter is 778 million km from
the Sun. Calculate the number of minutes it takes for sunlight to
reach Jupiter.

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