CEBU INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City,
Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
ARCHITECTURE
Department of Architecture

AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH STUDY ON

MULTI-LEVEL PARKING BUILDING

(ARCH361-R6)

SUBMITTED BY:

SERUMA, DAVE ASHLEY L

PINTOR, ALOYSIUS B..

SUBMITTED TO:

AR. MONTE DE RAMOS, REGGIE

 I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Importance

As cities grow fast and get busier, more shopping malls, markets, and offices
are appearing. This means more people are using their cars, but there aren't enough
parking spots in many city areas, making it hard to find a place to park. Building
multi-level car parks would definitely be the best approach to help fit more cars into
smaller spaces by stacking them on different levels. This smart solution makes it
easier for people to park in crowded city areas, improving the parking experience for
everyone.

One of the primary benefits of multi-level car parking is its ability to maximize
space efficiency. By building vertically, these structures can accommodate
significantly more
vehicles within a certain area. This is particularly advantageous in densely populated
urban areas where land is scarce and expensive. Multi-level car parks decrease the
amount of time drivers spend searching for parking spaces and minimize street
parking, which in turn reduces traffic flow disruptions. This then offers economic
benefits to society by making better use of limited land. Strategically locating these
multi-level parking spaces improves accessibility to key urban areas, such as
shopping centers, and public transport hubs.

Additionally, many multi-level car parks are designed with features like
elevators and designated parking spaces for disabled users. Environmental benefits
should be considered as well. Due to the reduction of time spent searching for
parking, it helps lower vehicle emissions. Furthermore, modern multi-level car parks
can incorporate energy-efficient lighting, solar panels,and green roofs, contributing to
environmental conservation efforts.

1.2 Objectives of the Research

● To analyze the right approach in designing multi-storey parking building to solve

the issues like traffic congestion and improper parking of vehicles due to lack of
existing parking spaces in the area.
 ● To understand the key design considerations for multi-storey parking buildings to
be user-friendly and functional.
● To consider factors such as natural, environmental, cultural, and aesthetics that
will influence the design.
● To formulate a well-organized layout of parking spaces based on research data
for better traffic flow.
● To gather the data of the number of vehicles that is passing through within the
area and the increasing volume of it throughout the year.
● To explore sustainable design and incorporate technology as an innovative
solution.

1.3 Scope of the Study

The research study was conducted to gather essential data to design a

multi-level parking system strategically considering car mobility, user needs,
environment, and technological advancement . It will focus on exploring methods,
strategies, concerns, and potential solutions to the existing problem.

II. SITE ANALYSIS AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Site Location and Context

The proposed structure is located in the urban environment of Ormoc City,
Leyte. The site for the proposed project is a rectangular THROUGH LOT with an
area of 6,487.04 sq.m and a parameter of 343.35 m. The site is bounded by Lopez
Jaena St. in the north, Rizal Street on the east, and Real Street on the west.
Buildings near the site are commonly in commercial use such as Inns, hotels, lodges,
department and convenient stores, supermarkets, shopping malls, and fast food
restaurants. There are also institutional buildings that can hold events and are only a
few blocks from the site which are the Athletic Field, SuperDome, University, and
Schools. The site is approximately 180 meters aways from Anilao river, 550 meters
away from Malbasag river, and 550 meters away from the port and coast.
2.2 Zoning and Regulatory Requirements

● Ormoc City Zoning Ordinance

➔ Based on Ormoc City Zoning Ordinance the site belongs to commercial-3 (C-3Z)
Block 1.

➔ The number of allowable storeys / floors above established grade is sixteen (16) .

➔ The Building Height Limit is 48.00 meters above highest grade.

➔ Calculation of Setback : (road width)(1.5)/6.0

● NBCP
➔ The multi-level parking building is under the occupancy of Group E (Division E-1) and
its zoning classification is Commercial one or Light Commercial (C1)

➔ The number of allowable storeys / floors above established grade 3-5 storeys .

➔ The Building Height Limit is 10-15 meters above highest grade.

➔ The setback required for commercial buildings having below 10 meters RROW is five
(5) meters in front, two meters (2) for the side, and two meters (2) at rear.
2.3 Topography and Environmental Conditions
➔ The city’s terrain is mostly of gently rolling plains or lowland.
➔ The mean daily temperature of the city ranges from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius, and it
has an average of 13.8 to 27.5 rainy days.

2.4 Space Requirements

● Landscape and Hardscape
Loading and Unloading Area
Property Entrance/Exit
MRF (Material Recovery Facility)
Community Garden/Sitting Areas

● Ground Floor
Commercial Units Car Ramp
Building Entrance/Exit Restroom
Waiting Area/Lounge Elevator
Automatic Pay Station Stair
Car Parking Slot Fire Exit
PWD Parking EE Room
PWD Ramp Utility Room
Motorcycle Parking Slot Admin Office
Buffer Parking

● 2nd Floor/3rd Floor/4th Floor/5th Floor

Car Ramp Stair
Elevator Restroom
Parking Slot PWD Parking
Fire Exit

● Roof Deck
Stair Solar Panels
Elevator
Roof Garden
Water Storage Tank
 III. USER NEEDS AND ACCESSIBILITY

3.1 Identification of Target Users

Commuters Shoppers
Employees Residents
Tourists Event Attendees
Students Visitors
Short-Term Parkers Long-Term Parkers

3.2 Accessibility Standards and Compliance

Commuters: Daily commuters who need a place to park their vehicles

3.3 Pedestrian and Vehicular Flow
 IV. DESIGN AND LAYOUT

4.1 Parking Layout, Space Optimization, and Circulation Design

● Minimum Widths and Lengths of Parking Slot
Diagonal and Perpendicular - 2.5 m x 5.00 m
Parallel - 2.15 m x 6.00 m
Standard Truck or Bus Parking - 3.60 m x 12.00 m
Articulated Truck Slot - 3.60 m x 18.00 m
(12.00m Van or Bulk Carrier)
Jeepney or Shuttle Parking - 3.00 m x 9.00 m
PWD Parking - 4.00 m x 5.00 m
 V. SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

5.1 Energy Efficiency

● Implementing solar panels on the rooftop of the parking building to harness
renewable energy and reduce reliance on traditional power sources.
● Maximizing natural light reduces the need for artificial lighting during the day, leading
to lower energy consumption and reduced electricity costs.
● Installing high-performance systems and appliances and evaluate their performance
over their life cycle
● Monitoring and verifying performance through energy audits to see where energy is
being wasted in a building and where it is most cost-effective to make improvements
through retrofitting
5.2 Stormwater Management
● Incorporating a rainwater harvesting system to collect and reuse water for irrigation
or other non-potable purposes, promoting water conservation.

● Permeable surfaces allow rainwater to infiltrate the ground naturally, reducing surface
runoff and the risk of flooding during heavy rains.

VI. TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION

6.1 Smart Parking Solution

● Installing smart parking sensors that provide real-time information on available
parking spaces, optimizing traffic flow and reducing the time spent searching for a
spot.

● Installing smart parking sensors that provide real-time information on available

parking spaces, optimizing traffic flow and reducing the time spent searching for a
spot.

● Integrating an automated payment system for users to easily pay for their parking
fees using various payment methods, such as credit cards, mobile wallets, or
contactless payments.
 VII. CASE STUDIES AND PRECEDENTS

7.1 Analysis of Successful Multi-Storey Parking Projects

● The Multi-Level Parking of voestalpine (Linz, Austria)

➔ The outer façade uses trapezoidal sheet metal, reflecting voestalpine's steel
manufacturing expertise, integrating design with company identity.
➔ The steel framework, designed through fire simulations, offers slender proportions
and cost efficiency, showcasing innovative construction techniques.
➔ Emphasis on user safety and orientation through well-designed vertical elements and
lighting, creating a sense of security and intuitive navigation.
➔ Utilization of natural light and reflective surfaces enhances the aesthetic appeal,
transforming the parking levels into well-lit and visually engaging spaces.
➔ Each level includes ramps, lifts, and direct connections to the bus station and office
buildings, promoting convenience, shorter commute times, and efficient vertical
distribution of parking usage.

● Al Jahra Court Automatic Parking (Kuwait)

With 2,314 spaces, this car park holds a Guinness World Record for the ‘Largest
Automated Parking Facility’. The bays designed by Robotic Parking Systems Inc.
save over 3 times the space of a normal car park, with a car retrieval time of approx
177 seconds.

● City Hall Automated Parking Garage (West Hollywood, California, USA)

Upon entering the automated parking garage at West Hollywood’s City Hall,
Unitronics’ robotic lifts and shuttles transfer a driver’s vehicle away to one of the 200
spaces available in the structure, with little effort required from the driver. Automated
parking systems are considered more eco-friendly than standard parking buildings
since less space is required.

7.1 Innovative Design Solution

● Brisbane Airport Kinetic Parking (Australia)
Designed by American artist Ned Kahn, this eight-story car park’s exterior is made up
of 118,000 suspended aluminum panels which appear to ripple as the wind hits it.
The innovative design also provides natural ventilation for the interior.
 ● Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc (Belgium)
Made from natural materials the car park is designed to be as welcoming as possible
for visitors to the nearby hospital. The ‘canyon-wall’ provides an abundance of light,
even on the underground floors plus natural ventilation for its 985 cars.

● AZ Sint-Lucas Car Park (Ghent, Belgium)

This open-design car park is distributed over the space of two buildings, each
surrounded in white metal balustrades with thousands of small geometric
perforations. Exclusively native flowers on different levels help to brighten the space.

● RAI Convention Centre (Amsterdam)

With a capacity of 1,000 cars, the building also doubles as a flexible space for
conventions and exhibitions. A pair of 30-meter spiraling ramps with blue LEDs
around the curved edges light up the building with an eye-catching, helix-shaped
entrance and exit.

● Volkswagen’s Autostadt Car Towers: Wolfsburg,(Germany)

With 2,314 spaces, this car park holds a Guinness World Record for the ‘Largest
Automated Parking Facility’. The bays designed by Robotic Parking Systems Inc.
save over 3 times the space of a normal car park, with a car retrieval time of approx
177 seconds.

7.3 Lessons Learned and Best Practices

Lessons from successful multi-storey parking projects include integrating site identity
into design, utilizing innovative construction techniques for cost efficiency, emphasizing user
safety and orientation, enhancing aesthetics with natural light and reflective surfaces, and
optimizing convenience through efficient layout and connectivity to surrounding facilities.
Automated parking systems offer space-saving solutions and environmental benefits, while
innovative design solutions like kinetic facades and natural ventilation contribute to a
welcoming environment. Integration with the surrounding environment and multi-purpose
functionality add value and sustainability to parking structures. Efficient space usage and
flexible design elements further enhance the capacity and efficiency of parking facilities,
creating a holistic and user-centric parking experience.
 VIII. CONCLUSION

8.1 Summary of Key Findings

A well-designed multi-level parking building should focus on efficient space
use, user-friendly features, environmental-friendly practices, technology integration,
and safety measures. By incorporating smart parking solutions, energy-efficient
technologies, and user-centered design, the structure can improve the overall
parking experience. Aesthetics and site identity are important for creating a visually
pleasing urban environment. Design flexibility for future needs and multifunctional
spaces can enhance the structure's utility. Studying successful case studies can offer
valuable insights for integrating innovation and user requirements in parking building
design.

8.2 Concept Statement

PARADANYAG

Rapid urban sprawl sometimes risks the city's unique identity through generic
architecture. Our proposed multi-storey parking building "PARADANYAG" is intended
to be more than just a parking building.It is set to preserve and showcase Ormoc's
distinct identity.

Some portion of the building's palette was decided to be based on pineapple's

vibrant tone that will set as a unique character of the structure, drawing inspiration
from Ormoc's rich festival that is celebrated annually. Our design will embody a
fusion of tradition and innovation.

PARADANYAG will stand as a sign of Ormoc's resilience, getting stronger

with each difficulty faced and embodying the belief that after facing challenges 2
times, it will rise three times. Through its enduring presence, PARADANYAG makes a
promise that no matter the challenges being faced, there will always be a sight of
architecture that will store Ormoc's identity.
 IX. REFERENCES

National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096)

Accessibility Law (BP344)

Planning and Designers Handbook by Max B. Fajardo Jr.

Ormoc City Zoning Ordinance

Tom Dobbins. "The Most Innovative Parking Structures From Around the World " 24 June
2018.ArchDaily.https://www.archdaily.com/896569/the-most-innovative-parking-structures-fro
m-around-the-world> ISSN 0719-8884

Jyotirmayee Sethy. “Multi level car parking” October 2020. ResearchGate. (PDF) Multi level
car parking

Tosin Michael Olatunde. “Energy efficiency in architecture: Strategies and technologies”. 09

April 2024. Oarjpublication. Energy efficiency in architecture: Strategies and technologies

National Resources Canada. (May 4, 2015). Energy Efficiency is Important for New
Buildings [Online]. Available: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/efficiency/buildings/eenb/4033

Abrar Fahim a, Mehedi Hasan b, Muhtasim Alam Chowdhury a. Smart parking systems:
comprehensive review based on various aspects. May 2021. Smart parking systems:
comprehensive review based on various aspects - ScienceDirect