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    Mock Exam

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    wenwen.jin1999

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    Mock Exam

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    Mock Exam

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    Advanced Mathematics (WS20) Prof.

    Christoph Vanberg

    Mock exam†

    (1) Provide brief answers to each of the following questions.

    (a) [10 points] Consider a system of equations represented by the matrix equation Ax = b.
    Suppose that the row echelon form of A contains one row that is all zero. True or
    false: We can conclude that the system has no solution. Explain!

    (b) [10 points] Consider the problem of maximizing f (x1 , x2 ) subject to the single equality
    constraint x1 + 2x1 x2 = 0. Suppose that x∗ = (1, − 21 ) solves this problem. What can
    ∂f ∂f
    you conclude about the vector ( ∂x 1
    (x∗ ), ∂x2
    (x∗ ))? Explain.

    (c) [10 points] Define an open ball in Rn . Sketch such a ball in R2 , and provide an
    example of where this concept is used.

    (d) [10 points] Let f be a C 1 function defined on the interval [0, 1]. Suppose that f 0 (x) 6= 0
    for all x ∈ (0, 1). Use the Weierstrass Theorem to argue that f attains a maximum
    either at x = 0 or at x = 1.

    (2) [30 points] Consider the function f (x1 , x2 ) = x1 (x1 + x2 ).

    (a) Compute the partial derivatives of f with respect to x1 and x2

    (b) Provide a parameterized representation of the tangent plane to the graph of f at x0 =


    (1, 1). (Hint: such a representation has the form (x1 , x2 , y) = (x01 , x02 , y 0 ) + sv1 + tv2
    where v1 and v2 are vectors in R3 .)

    (c) Compute the slopes of the tangent lines to the level of set f at the points x0 = (1, 1)
    and x1 = (2, −1). (Note that these points are on the same level set.)

    (d) Sketch the two points and tangent lines from part (c). Use this to roughly sketch
    the level curve of f . To your graph, add vectors that point from x0 and x1 in the
    directions in which f increases most rapidly. Briefly explain the relationship between
    these vectors and the tangent lines.

    Page 1 of 2
    Advanced Mathematics (WS20) Prof. Christoph Vanberg

    (3) [30 points] Let A be an n × k matrix. The ‘null space’ of A is the set of solutions
    x ∈ Rn to the equation Ax = 0.

    (a) Determine the null spaces of the following matrices:


     
    2 3
    A=
    1 2
     
    1 1 2
    B= 0 1 1 
    1 2 3

    (b) Prove that the nullspace of any nonsingular n × n matrix is the n × 1 vector 0. (Hint:
    If you have trouble, start with a 2 × 2 matrix.)

    (c) Let A and B be two matrices such that AB = A and BA = B. Show that the null
    spaces of A and B are the same.

    †
    Disclaimer: This is intended to give you an idea of what the actual exams will be like. However less
    care has gone into constructing this exam than would go into an actual exam. For example, I will usually
    ask an assistant to take the exam and measure the time it takes them. Depending on the result (and
    allowing ample extra time for students), I would remove or add additional parts. Also, I may add hints or
    slightly reformulate problems after discussing them with the assistant. Since I have not done any of these
    things for this mock exam, it is probably not ‘optimized’.

    Page 2 of 2

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