Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 6 views

    AC Part 2

    Uploaded by

    bb4800480

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    AC Part 2

    Uploaded by

    bb4800480
    6 views5 pages

    Original Title

    AC part 2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views5 pages

    AC Part 2

    Uploaded by

    bb4800480

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 5

    AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit

    If q is the charge in the capacitor and I is the current at time t, then applying
    Kirchhoff’s loop rule.
    Resonance:
    The circuit that allows the highest amount of current at a specific frequency of
    AC is known as a series resonance circuit or series resonance LCR circuit. This
    will happen when XL = XC, so Z=R. In this case current is maximum.

    Resonance is exhibited by a circuit when both L and C are present in the circuit.
    Only then the voltages across L and C may cancel each other, being opposite in
    phase with a phase difference of 180°.
    Power in AC Circuits : The Power Factor

    𝑃 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 cos ∅

    As cos(2ωt + Φ) for one complete cycle, is ZERO.

    The term cosΦ is known as the power factor as it determines the power consumed
    in the circuit.

    1. Case-1: Purely resistive circuit: Φ = 0º, so cosΦ = 1, the power dissipated


    is maximum. Thus maximum power consumed

    PV=IrmsVrms
    2. Case-2: Purely Inductive or Capacitive Circuits: The phase
    difference ϕ=π/2. Thus power factor cosΦ = 0. Thus power consumed is zero.
    Although current flows through the circuit but power consumed is zero. Such
    a current is known as wattless current.
    Transformers
    Transformers are based upon mutual induction which transforms an alternating
    voltage from one to another of greater or smaller value.

    Construction: A transformer consists of two coils wound on a soft iron core,


    called primary and secondary coils. Let the number of turns in these coils be
    Np and Ns respectively. The input A.C. voltage is applied across the primary coil
    whereas the output A.C. voltage is across the secondary coil.

    We consider an ideal transformer in which the primary has negligible resistance and
    all the flux in the core links both the primary and secondary windings. Let Φ be the
    flux linkage through each of the primary and secondary coils. Then.

    Where r is called transformation ration. In a transformer, some energy is always lost.


    The efficiency of a well designed transformer may be upto 95%.
    If the transformer is assumed to be 100% efficient

    𝑃 = 𝐼𝑃 𝑉𝑃 = 𝐼𝑆 𝑉𝑆
    𝐼𝑃 𝑉𝑆 𝑁𝑆
    = =
    𝐼𝑆 𝑉𝑃 𝑁𝑃

    • A step-up transformer converts low ac voltage to high ac voltage but


    reduces the current. (NS>NP)

    • A step-down transformer converts high ac voltage to a low ac voltage but


    increases the currents accordingly( NS<NP)

    In actual transformers, small energy losses occur due to the following reasons.

    1. Flux leakage: There is always some flux leakage. Not all the flux due to
    primary passes through the secondary.

    It can be reduced by winding primary coil over secondary coil.

    2. Resistance of the windings: Some energy is lost in the form of heat


    dissipation.

    It can be minimized using thick wire in case of high current, low voltage
    windings.

    3. Eddy currents: The alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the
    iron core and causes heating.

    The loss can be minimized using a laminated iron core.

    4. Hysteresis: The magnetization of the core is repeatedly reversed by an


    alternating magnetic field. The resulting expenditure of energy in the core
    appears as heat.

    It kept to a minimum by using a material that has a low magnetic hysteresis


    loss.

    You might also like