As per UGC guidelines an electronic bar code is provided to seure your paper

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

Volume 10, Issue 02, pages 342-348.
ISSN: 2455-3778 online
Available online at: http://www.ijmtst.com/vol10issue02.html
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST1002045

Design and Implementation of Verilog-Based Subway

Ticketing System

A Raja, Gottimukkala Pavithra, Ambarapu Vamsi Kiran, Kalluri Balarama Chandrudu, Komera Leela
Venkata Ashok Kumar

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Chalapathi Institute of Technology,Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

To Cite this Article

A Raja, Gottimukkala Pavithra, Ambarapu Vamsi Kiran, Kalluri Balarama Chandrudu, Komera Leela Venkata Ashok
Kumar, Design and Implementation of Verilog-Based Subway Ticketing System, International Journal for Modern
Trends in Science and Technology, 2024, 10(02), pages. 342-348.https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST1002045

Article Info
Received: 30 January 2024; Accepted: 21 February 2024; Published: 26 February 2024.

Copyright © A Raja et al;. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.

ABSTRACT
This work is a synthesis of practical investigation, theoretical analysis and literature reading. Using Verilog HDL language
to research a subway automatic ticket selling system. In our country passengers get a ticket at the counter, it is a time-consuming
process. Automatic ticketing system saves time. A programmed train ticketing machine that contains all goal tickets and simple
to use for all travelers for 24 hours. The design of this subway ticketing system takes convenience, quickness and simplicity as the
core, and takes saving time for passengers as the guide design. It completes the main process of buying subway tickets for
passengers. Card reader is the heart of this system; passenger keeps their card on the sensing element of this system. The card
reader reads minimum balance calculates the minimum fare and generate a message like balance is not sufficient for travel after
fare reduction what the minimum balance. This automatic ticketing system will replace the existing paper ticket. Firstly, the
development of subway ticketing system at home and abroad, and then studies the basic components of subway ticketing system.
Through Xilinx ISE software to do schematic input mode, this project designs the subway automatic ticket selling system which
composed of ticket selection module, coin calculation module, change processing module and display interface module. The paper
also simulates the ticket selection module, coin calculation module, change processing module and display interface module on
Xilinx ISE.
Keywords: Verilog HDL, Subway Ticketing System, Automatic Ticket Selling, Card Reader, Xilinx ISE, Simulation

1. INTRODUCTION October 2020, cities including Shanghai, Nanjing,

An automated ticketing system is an important Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Xuzhou, Hangzhou,
component of help people to manage in bound customer Wenzhou, etc. in the Yangtze River Delta have been
support requests, providing assistance to customer opened or under construction more than 150 subway
service agents. China has three longest subway networks lines. At the same time, we can see that three subway
in the world, namely Shanghai subway network, Beijing lines in Beijing have realized unmanned automatic
subway network and Guangzhou subway network. By operation, and Shanghai subway has also made new

342 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

innovative practices in construction, operation, repair Directing at the passenger’s transfer needs, the authors
and maintenance. does investigation, summarizes its basic characteristic,
This improves service quality and service efficiency. researches and analyses the present tickets serviced
These facts all show the infinite vitality and importance system. Combining with actual running condition, aim
of the subway in people's daily life. As a key equipment to the condition between the passenger’s transfer needs
of urban rail transit, metro automatic ticketing system and practical services mismatching; it develops
(AFC) naturally makes continuous progress with the automatic tickets service system which based on
development of rail transit. It is true that the progress of Internet. Theoretical analysis shows that the new system
Metro automatic ticketing system will also react on the could save passengers transfer time a lot, improve
development of Metro field. AFC (Automatic Fare efficiency of the traveler. This research has significant
Collection) is a service system for customers to buy theory and reality meaning.
tickets, take buses and exit stations. It is an important In an attempt to improve efficiency, an increasing
yardstick to measure the level of urban rail transit. It is number of high-capacity railways are installing
an automatic control system integrating computer Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) systems [3] which
network communication and automatic control ensure that every passenger has a valid ticket when they
technology. At the same time, we have noticed the rapid enter the railway and that they pay the correct fare for
development of integrated circuit science and the journey taken. Meanwhile, AFC systems also
technology in recent years, especially in programmable automate the ticket accounting and selling processes as
logic gate circuits. Moreover, Verilog HDL language has well as providing detailed information on system usage
inherent advantages, such as accurate timing, design to cut down on ever increasing fraud by passengers and
independent of process, flexibility and easy to use. The staff.
design written in Verilog HDL language can also Beijing Metro network operation pattern [4] as been
improve the design efficiency in the design process. formed and has entered the stage of renovation and
Therefore, the basic language of designing the subway transformation. In order to meet the needs of renovation
automatic ticketing system is Verilog HDL and flexible adjustment of business functions, Beijing
language.Initially a passenger should register.Then that Metro AFC system has begun to explore technical
person will be eligible to use our traveling system by transformation, including software upgrading,
using their user id. The user can recharge their account hardware transformation, unifying AFC system
on their own by using their bank accounts.Otherwise, standards, and improving business rules system, so as to
Payment methods are added to recharge from the make the AFC system of the whole network have the
counter at the metro station. When the person who function of flexible implementation of business rules,
travels, should activate their account. After ticket eliminate dependence on manufacturers, and reduce the
selection process money will be detached from the cost of system transformation.
account and the remaining amount will be added to the Whereas the majority of evaluations of self-service
user’s account. kiosks [6] are based on interviews or observations and as
If there is no error and if there is no any illegal activity such are burdened with personal bias, eye tracking was
at his entrance, then he can enter to the train. All these seen as a method for an objective analysis. To
activities will be recorded in to a database. If a passenger demonstrate the feasibility and usability of such an
wants to see their travel details, that person can register assessment technique, the task of purchasing a public
to our web application using his/her user id. That user id transportation ticket from a modern ticket vending
will be provided when that person initially register to machine in Kraków, Poland was evaluated. The test
our travelling system. participants relatively easily operated the machine with
2. LITERATURE REVIEW time taken to purchase a ticket ranging from 54 s for
With the new technology development of Internet foreigners not familiar with the equipment to 29 s for
& mobile payment [1] [2]and intelligent cities local inhabitants. Even though the number of gazes
construction deep going, the cities network subway recorded for the foreigners group was 2.4 times higher
transportation system is occurring a great renovation. than for the local test participants, the fixation times

343 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

were almost equal. Faulty or delayed operation of the results to the interface module, which will present the
payment terminal [7] was a meaningful equipment issue results to the passenger.
encountered by eight test participants. The study 3.1 Ticket selection module
demonstrated that the operation of the analyzed ticket Module input: RD is the reset button, which can
vending machine should not cause much trouble to achieve the function of zero clearing after being pressed.
anyone. The use of an eye tracker, which was employed CLK (Clock) is a clock signal and the cornerstone of
for such an assessment for the first time, permitted the sequential logic circuit. path_ 1、path_ 2. When one of
identification of possible operational ambiguities that the two is high-level effective, they are effective and will
could hinder the user experience without the bias realize the function of line selection. 01 is the No. 1
associated with other assessment techniques. The used busline, and 10 indicates that the route determined by
method was found to be efficient and the results the customer is the No. 2 busline. pri_ 3、pri_ 4 and pri_
provided valuable information. 5 one of them is set to high level as the ticket price
The study aims to compare different services, selection function. qua_ 1,qua_ 2 as the function of
methods, and technologies used in auto train ticketing selecting the number of tickets to buy, qua_ 1 means to
(ATT) as well as bus ticketing system and proposed a buy a ticket, qua_ 2 means to purchase 2 tickets.
new system for local train and buses. It explains the Module output: PATH indicates the output of the
advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, selected line, which will be sent to the amount
methods, and services. It proposes [8]-[14] the best calculation and processing module and display function
methods for using these technologies, which make it module as input. QUA is sent to the display module, and
possible to predict the best railway train ticketing COST is the total amount to be paid, which will be input
system. Thus, we aim to reduce the human efforts, to the balance calculation and processing module for
increase the sufficiency of ATTS, provides the benefits calculation. This will be used to calculate the amount
and efficiency to the passengers, with studying and that should be recovered. PRI is the selected fare, which
comparing different train technologies regarding will be sent to the amount calculation processing module
different features. Paper attempts to overcome the and display module as input.
passenger efforts, increase efficiencies of the different 3.2 Coin calculation module
railway to improve their auto ticket checking security Module input: RD is the reset button. When it is
and facilities to theirpassengers. operated by passengers, its function is to reset. CLK
(Clock) is a clock signal and the cornerstone of sequential
3.IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
logic circuit. COIN_ 5 means the signal of input 5 yuan,
This paper mainly designs an automatic ticketing
and COIN_ 10 means to input 10 yuan.
system that can help passenger successfully buy tickets
Module output: COINH represents ten digits of the
under simple operation. The ticketing system can
total amount of gold coins, COINL represents ten digits
recognize 5 yuan and 10 yuan notes. It is mainly
of the total amount of gold coins, and COIN represents
composed of four modules: ticket selection module, coin
the output of the total amount. This output is transferred
calculation module, change processing module and
to the amount calculation and processing module as an
interface display module.
input to calculate the change.
As the name suggests, the function of the ticket
3.3 Change processing module
selection module is to provide customers with ride route
Module input: RD is the reset button. When it is
selection services. When the route is selected, passengers
operated by passengers, its function is to reset and clear.
will put in coins. At this time, the output of the route
CLK (Clock) is the clock signal, FINISH is the button
selection module and the money input processing
pressed by the passenger after coin insertion, that is, the
module will be transmitted to the calculation change
final confirmation button. When the customer presses,
module and the display module at the same time. The
the signal will be set to high level, and the module
change calculation module is to calculate the amount of
function runs to determine whether the ticket should be
money invested by the passenger, calculate how much
sold to the customer. The change calculation function
money the customer should get back, and output the
will also be carried out at the same time. PATH_ IN is

344 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

used to judge whether a ticket is issued. PRI_ IN is used  making transportation transactions fastermore
to determine which ticket to sell. COST_ IN enters the efficiently.
total amount payable and COIN_ IN is the total amount  more convenient for both passengers and transit
of money invested. operators.
Module output: REST indicates the amount that 4. RESULTS& DISCUSSION
should be given to passengers, and inputs the result into Simulation results provide a comprehensive
the display module. Module A indicates that there are understanding of how the designed circuit behaves
six kinds of tickets, and the lighting of six light-emitting under different conditions. They are crucial for verifying
diodes indicates the specific ticket issuance. ACT C is the functionality, identifying and resolving issues, and
mainly used to control whether the diode in the circuit ensuring that the circuit meets the desired specifications
emits light or does not emit light. If the LED is on, it before physical implementation. The final simulation
means that it needs to give change to the customer. If the output, depicted in Figure 1, illustrates the
LED is not on, it means that it does not need to perform implementation of the automatic subway ticketing
change operation. module. This module comprises four sub-modules. The
3.4 Display interface module first module focuses on ticket selection, offering two
Display function module is composed of module 6 paths labeled as path1 and path2. The second module is
counter, 6-out-of-1 selector and decoder. The main dedicated to coin selection, with inputs for coins of
function is to display the selected route, ticket price, denominations 5 and 10. The third module is the change
number of tickets, amount invested and the amount of processing module, where change is issued based on the
money that should be recovered. provided coins. Lastly, there is a display module
 Modulo 6 counter: It is a counting design. When presenting comprehensive information, and ultimately,
the clock rising, the counter will generate a 3-bit the ticket is issued as the final outcome of the entire
binary code, from 000 to 101, which is the total process.
counting process of 0 to 5. When counting 101
plus 1, a carry signal will be generated, and all
counts of the counter will be cleared. The nixie
tube will be scanned, and the 6 data of the data
selector will be selected and output in turn.
 6-out-of-1 selector: the nixie tube scans the
module 6 counter. The selector selects the data
as the output according to the input sent by the
module 6 counter. (3) Decoder: Seven Segment
nixie tube indicates its function. It translates
4-bit binary number into 7-bit binary number to Figure 1: Simulation results of the proposed system
display the required number.
Advantages:
 No need to carry the card manually.
 Transaction takes at the beginning of the
journey.
 Display the account balance every time after
transaction.
 Encourages contactless transactions.
 Can recharge the account simply by using the
user id.
 eliminates the need for manual ticketing and
payment systems.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the proposed system

345 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 The block diagram offers a high-level representation
of the entire system, illustrating the functional blocks
and their interconnections. It serves as a visual guide for
system architecture, aiding designers in conceptualizing
and communicating the design structure and
functionality. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the
parkingsystem.The architecture of the subway ticketing
system is illustrated in the block diagram. The inputs of
the system include path1, path2, clk, coin5, coin10,
finish, qua1, qua2, rst, while the outputs consist of act, Figure 4: Delay estimation of the proposed system
pathout, led, cancel, returnout, pathout, and cost.
RTL schematics depict the digital logic at a higher
abstraction level, showing the flow of data between
registers and logic elements. This representation is vital
for understanding the data flow within the circuit,
facilitating optimization, synthesis, and ensuring proper
mapping of the design to hardware. Figure 3 shows the
RTL schematic of the proposed parking system.

Figure 5: Device utilization summaryof the proposed

parking system

Area estimation provides insights into the physical

space occupied by the designed circuit on the
semiconductor. It is crucial for optimizing the use of
resources and determining the overall size of the chip.
Efficient area utilization contributes to cost-effectiveness
Figure 3: RTL Schematic of the proposed system and manufacturability. Figure 5 presents the area
Delay estimation is essential for ensuring that the estimation of the proposed system. The area report
designed circuit meets timing requirements. It helps shows that it contains 4 look up tables.
identify and address timing issues such as setup and 5. CONCLUSIONS
hold time violations, ensuring that signals propagate This design is a subway automatic ticketing
through the circuit within the specified time constraints. system. The system has the functions of line
Figure 4 presents the delay estimation of the proposed selection, line display, money collection, change
system.The timing summary of sub way ticketing system
and ticket issuing, and has the basic functions of a
implementation shows that delay is 5.143ns. This timing
complete automatic ticket selling system. In the
report is only for synthesis estimate.
graduation comprehensive training, we can
investigate the actual situation of the subway ticket
vending machine, so we have a certain grasp and
judgment on the actual situation of the design, and
can design people who will not conduct online
electronic transactions conveniently in combination
with the actual situation, or people who cannot

346 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

conduct online transactions under unexpected Multi-Source Data," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 225792-225804,
2020, doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3044956N.
circumstances such as no power on the mobile [15] Ravikiran, D. N., & Dethe, C. G. (2018). Improvements in Routing
phone and limited network. Algorithms to Enhance Lifetime of Wireless Sensor
Networks. International Journal of Computer Networks &
Communications (IJCNC), 10(2), 23-32.
Conflict of interest statement [16] Ravikiran, D. N., & Dethe, C. G. Fuzzy Rule Selection using
Authors declare that they do not have any conflict of LEACH Algorithm to Enhance Life Time in Wireless Sensor
Networks. Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communications.
interest.
ISSN, 0973-6972.
[17] Rajesh, G., Thommandru, R., & Subhani, S. M. DESIGN AND
REFERENCES IMPLEMENTATION OF 16-BIT HIGH SPEED CARRY SELECT
[1] Mingbao Zhou, Zhansheng Wang, Peixin Shi, Yongming Gu, PARALLEL PREFIX ADDER.
Xiaohua Tu, Jiangtao Du, Qingbiao Tian, Jinshan Cai. Practice and [18] Polanki, K., Purimetla, N. R., Roja, D., Thommandru, R., &
Thinking on Building Suzhou smart rail transit system [J]. Journal Javvadi, S. Predictions of Tesla Stock Price based on Machine
of Suzhou University of science and Technology (Engineering Learning Model.
Technology Edition), 2020,33(S1):17-25. [19] Thommandru, R. A PROSPECTIVE FORECAST OF BRAIN
[2] Ling Ren, Xiuzhe Chen, Chao Hou, Xiaotao Zhang. Metro Internet STROKE USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES.
Ticketing System Based on micro service [J]. Automation [20] Rajesh, G., Raja, A., & Thommandru, R. OPTIMIZATION OF
technology and application,2020,39(07):36-40+45. MINIATURIZED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAS WITH GA.
[3] Chunyang Qi. Research on energy saving control system of [21] Vellela, S. S., & Balamanigandan, R. (2022, December). Design of
subway automatic fare collection equipment [J]. Computer Hybrid Authentication Protocol for High Secure Applications in
products and circulation,2020(06):117. Cloud Environments. In 2022 International Conference on
[4] Meng Lv, Chenxu Niu, Chenglong Li, Binghua Fan, Qingli Yang. Automation, Computing and Renewable Systems (ICACRS) (pp.
Repair research and free maintenance design of note processing 408-414). IEEE.
module of subway automatic ticket machine [J]. Equipment [22] Vellela, S. S., & Balamanigandan, R. (2024). Optimized clustering
manufacturing technology,2020(05):95-97. routing framework to maintain the optimal energy status in the
[5] Lei Lin, Zhongquan Xu. Research on transformation scheme of wsn mobile cloud environment. Multimedia Tools and
Metro AFC system under mobile payment [J]. Railway Applications, 83(3), 7919-7938.
communication signal and engineering technology, [23] Praveen, S. P., Sarala, P., Kumar, T. K. M., Manuri, S. G., Srinivas,
2019,16(12):56-59+82. V. S., & Swapna, D. (2022, November). An Adaptive Load
[6] Lei Chen. Pre operation test and initial operation maintenance of Balancing Technique for Multi SDN Controllers. In 2022
metro Automatic Fare Collection System [J]. Residential International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and
buildings,2018(26):204.. Sustainable Systems (ICAISS) (pp. 1403-1409). IEEE.
[7] Wenna Sun. Research on the design of urban subway ticketing [24] Priya, S. S., Vellela, S. S., Reddy, V., Javvadi, S., Sk, K. B., & Roja,
system based on user experience [D]. Beijing University of D. (2023, June). Design And Implementation of An Integrated IOT
technology,2016. Blockchain Framework for Drone Communication. In 2023 3rd
[8] Heng Zhang. Development and application of coin handling International Conference on Intelligent Technologies
system (CHS) protector for automatic ticket vending machine of (CONIT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Nanjing Metro Line 1 [J]. Science and technology [25] Vellela, S. S., & Balamanigandan, R. An intelligent sleep-awake
prospect,2014(10):129. energy management system for wireless sensor network.
[9] Junjie Wang. Research on system design of subway automatic Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl.(2023).
ticketing machine [J]. Science and technology and [26] Addepalli, T., Babu, K. J., Beno, A., Potti, B. M. K., Sundari, D. T.,
enterprise,2014(10):140. & Devana, V. K. R. (2022). Characteristic mode analysis of two
[10] Zhihua Gao. Research on the design of subway automatic port semi‐circular arc‐shaped multiple‐input‐multiple‐output
ticketing system [J]. Wireless Internet antenna with high isolation for 5G sub‐6 GHz and wireless local
technology,2013,19(11):105+79. area network applications. International Journal of
[11] Le Lv. Research on the design of subway automatic ticketing Communication Systems, 35(14), e5257.
system [J]. Digital user,2013,19(11):105+79. [27] Srija, V., & Krishna, P. B. M. (2015). Implementation of
[12] Ludong Zhang. System analysis and design of rapid universal agricultural automation system using web & gsm
detector for terminal equipment of subway automatic ticketing technologies. International Journal of Research in Engineering
system [J]. Research on urban rail transit,2013,16(05):128-132. and Technology, 04 (09), 385-389.
[13] X. Xu, D. Zhao, C. Ma and D. Lian, "Monitoring Subsidence [28] Potti, D. B., MV, D. S., & Kodati, D. S. P. (2015). Hybrid genetic
Deformation of Suzhou Subway Using InSAR Timeseries optimization to mitigate starvation in wireless mesh
Analysis," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 3400-3416, 2021, doi: networks. Hybrid Genetic Optimization to Mitigate Starvation in
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3047574. Wireless Mesh Networks, Indian Journal of Science and
[14] R. Wang, F. Chen, X. Liu and T. Fujiyama, "Spatiotemporal Technology, 8(23).
Analysis of Competition Between Subways and Taxis Based on

347 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

[29] Potti, B., Subramanyam, M. V., & Prasad, K. S. (2013). A packet
priority approach to mitigate starvation in wireless mesh network
with multimedia traffic. International Journal of Computer
Applications, 62(14).
[30] Potti, B., Subramanyam, M. V., & Satya Prasad, K. (2016).
Adopting Multi-radio Channel Approach in TCP Congestion
Control Mechanisms to Mitigate Starvation in Wireless Mesh
Networks. In Information Science and Applications (ICISA)
2016 (pp. 85-95). Springer Singapore.

348 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology