WATER SOLULE (2) V

VITAMINS
by
Prof. Dr . Ahmed Ameen
Prof . Of Nutrition
B-5 Pantothenic Acid
1998 adequate intake (AI)
Adults: 5 mg/day
Chief functions in the body
Part of coenzyme A, used in energy
metabolism
Significant sources
Widespread in foods
Organ meats, mushrooms, avocados, broccoli,
whole grains
Easily destroyed by food processing
Pantothenic Acid
Deficiency symptoms
Vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps
Insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability,
restlessness, apathy
Hypoglycemia, increased sensitivity to
insulin
Toxicity symptoms: none reported
B-7 Biotin
Biotin, also known as vitamin H or coenzyme R

Biotin plays a vital role in:
• 1-Helping the body metabolize proteins, fats and
carbohydrates.
• 2-Helping the body process glucose.
• 3-It also contributes towards healthy nails, skin
and hair.
It is therefore found in many cosmetic and health
products for the skin and hair.
Sources of biotin
Biotin is consumed from a wide range of food sources in the
diet, but few are particularly rich sources. Foods with
relatively high biotin content include
Egg yolk (raw). Egg white reduces egg yolk's biotin
effectiveness in the body. People who consume just egg white
for many years without biotin supplementation have a slight
risk of not getting enough vitamin B7.
Liver, Peanuts,Yeast,Bread, whole-wheat,Cheese, cheddar,
Salmon,Avocado,Raspberries and Cauliflower .
Deficiency symptoms
Depression, lethargy, hallucinations,
tingling sensation in the arms and legs
Red, scaly rash around the eyes, nose,
and mouth
Hair loss
People who are at an increased risk for vitamin B7
biotin deficiency include those with the following:
1-long-term use of certain anti-seizure medications
prolonged antibiotic use
2-intestinal malabsorption issues or serious digestive
disorders like Chron’s disease, celiac disease, or leaky
gut syndrome.
There isn’t a good laboratory test for detecting biotin
deficiency, so this condition is usually identified by its
symptoms.
Requirement increase in:
1-Pregnancy and Lactation.
2-Oral antibiotic therapy for prolonged periods.
B-9 Folate
Other names
Folic acid
Folacin
Pteroylglutamic acid (PGA)
Part of coenzymes THF
(tetrahydrofolate) and DHF
(dihydrofolate) used in DNA synthesis
and therefore important in new cell
formation
Folate
1998 RDA
Adults: 400 g/day
Upper level for adults:
1000 g/day
Folate
Sources
Fortified
grains
Leafy green
vegetables,
legumes,
seeds
Liver
Folate
Deficiency symptoms
Spina bifida
Anemia (macrocytic or large-cell
type)
Smooth, red tongue
Mental confusion, weakness,
fatigue, irritability, headache
Vitamin B12
Other names: cobalamin (and related
forms)
Part of coenzymes methylcobalamin and
deoxyadenosylcobalamin used in new cell
synthesis
Helps to maintain nerve cells
Helps to break down some fatty acids and
amino acids
B-12 Cobalamin
Important in:
proper nerve function
production of red blood cells
metabolizing fats and proteins
prevention of anemia
DNA reproduction
energy production?
Vitamin B12
1998 RDA
Adults: 2.4 g/day
Absorption
Vitamin B12 is absorbed from ileum,for its
proper absorption it requires:
Presence of HCL, and Intrinsic factor(IF)
Vitamin B12
Significant sources
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is naturally found in
animal foods.
Animal products (meat, fish,
poultry, shellfish, milk, cheese,
eggs)
Fortified cereals
Easily destroyed by microwave cooking
Deficiency due to vegan diet or
lack of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12
Deficiency symptoms
pernicious anemia (Deficiency of
folate or B12 produces pernicious
anemia)
Anemia (large-cell type)
Fatigue, degeneration of peripheral
nerves progressing to paralysis
Warnings
Deficiency
May be due to dietary factors, gastric factors as in post
gastrostomy and in strict vegetarians .
If absorption is prevented by lack of intrinsic factor it will
cause pernicious anemia.
Megaloblastic anemia appears due to B12 deficiency
Vegetarians need to look for fortified sources (soy
milk, supplements).
Elderly often have trouble absorbing.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Other name: ascorbic acid
Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make
their own vitamin C. Therefore, we must obtain vitamin C through
our diet. Chief functions in the body
Collagen synthesis ,Strengthens blood vessel walls, provides
matrix for bone growth
Antioxidant
Thyroxin synthesis
Amino acid metabolism
Strengthens resistance to infection
Helps in absorption of iron
Ascorbic acid (Toxic to viruses,bacteria, and some malignant
tumor cells)
Vitamin C
2000 RDA
Men: 90 mg/day
Women: 75 mg/day
Smokers: + 35 mg/day
Upper level for adults: 2000 mg/day
Needs increase with
infection, burns, surgery & smokers
Easily destroyed by heat and oxygen
Vitamin C
Sources
Citrus fruits
Cabbage-type vegetables,
dark green vegetables (such
as bell peppers and broccoli)
Cantaloupe, strawberries
Lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes
Papayas, mangoes
Vitamin C
Deficiency disease: scurvy
Deficiency symptoms
Anemia (small-cell type)
Atherosclerotic plaques
Hemorrhages under the skin, bone
fragility, joint pain
Poor wound healing, frequent infections,
bleeding gums, loosened teeth
Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria,
depression, rough skin, blotchy bruises
Vitamin C
Toxicity symptoms - >2 gms/day
Nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
Headache, fatigue, insomnia, rashes
Interference with medical tests (false-
negative urine glucose test),
aggravation of gout symptoms, urinary
tract problems, kidney stones (oxalate)

WATER SOLULE (2) V

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WATER SOLULE (2) V

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

WATER SOLULE (2) V

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VITAMINS

Biotin, also known as vitamin H or coenzyme R

You might also like