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PHP Unit4 Notes

PHP Unit4 notes

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sankarkumarkvdc
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20 views

PHP Unit4 Notes

PHP Unit4 notes

Uploaded by

sankarkumarkvdc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-4

Working with Files and Directories:

Including Files with include() function:

- Including the content of a PHP file into another file reduces the
complexity of code by reducing the code.
- There are 2 ways to do it.
1) include() function
2) require() function

include() function:

- It includes the content of a PHP file into another file.


- If the file does not exist, Then it will show warning and continue the rest
of code in the program.

firstfile.php

<html>

<body>

<h2>This is the Content of firstfile.php</h2>

<?php

include("secondfile.php");

?>

<h2> This is text after include function </h2>

</body>

</html>

secondfile.php

<?php

echo "<h2>This is the content of secondfile.php </h2>";


echo "<h3> Hello, Good to see you </h3>";

?>

Output:

This is the Content of firstfile.php

This is the content of secondfile.php

Hello, Good to see you

This is text after include function

require() function:

- It includes the content of a PHP file into another file.


- If the file does not exist, Then it will show error and stops the program.

firstfile.php

<html>

<body>

<h2>This is the Content of firstfile.php</h2>

<?php

require("secondfile.php");

?>

<h2> This is text after include function </h2>

</body>

</html>

secondfile.php

<?php
echo "<h2>This is the content of secondfile.php </h2>";

echo "<h3> Hello, Good to see you </h3>";

?>

Validating files

- PHP provides many functions to help you to discover information about


files on your system.
- Some of the most useful functions are:
 file_exists()
 is_file()
 is_readable()
 is_writable()
 is_executable()
 filesize()
file_exists():
- It is used to check whether the file or directory is exist.
- It returns true if the file/directory is exist. Otherwise, it returns false.

<?php

$flg=file_exists("./test.php");

if($flg==true)

echo "File Exist";

else

echo "File does not exist";

clearstatcache();
?>

is_file():

- This function returns True, if the given file is exists and it is a regular file,
Otherwise it returns false
- It can not check a directory file or special file.
- Regular file,It may be readable file/Binary file/Image file/Compressed
file/symbolic link
- It is a case sensitive.

<?php

$flg=is_file("./test.php");

if($flg==true)

echo "Given file is a regular file";

else

echo "Given file is not regular file";

clearstatcache();

?>

is_readable():

- It checks whether file has readable permission. if yes, It returns true.


Otherwise, It returns false.
- It is a case-sensitive

<?php

$flg=is_readable("./bb.txt");
if($flg==true)

echo "File is readable";

else

echo "File is not readable";

clearstatcache();

?>

is_writable():

- It checks whether the file has writable permission or not. If yes, It


returns true. Otherwise, It returns false.

<?php

$flg=is_writable("./bb.txt");

if($flg==true)

echo "File is writable";

else

echo "File is not writable";

clearstatcache();
?>

is_executable():

- It checks whether the file is executable or not. If yes, It returns true.


Otherwise, It returns false.
- It is case sensitive

<?php

$flg=is_executable("./bb.txt");

if($flg==true)

echo "File is Executable";

else

echo "File is not Executable";

clearstatcache();

?>

filesize():

- This function returns the accurate size of the file in bytes.


- But, If the size of the file is greater than 100MB, Then the result may not
be accurate.

<?php

$file_size=filesize("./bb.txt");

echo $file_size;
clearstatcache();

?>

Creating and Deleting Files:

- In Unix operating System, We can create and delete files using touch()
and unlink() functions.
- If a file does not exist, you can create a file using touch() function.
- touch() function attempts to create an empty file with the given name.
- If the file already exists, its contents is not disturbed but, the
modification date is updated.
Ex:- touch(‘myfile.txt’);
- You can remove an existing file with the unlink() function.
Ex:- unlink(‘myfile.txt);

Opening a File for Reading, Writing or Appending:

- Before you work with a file, you must first open it for reading or writing
or for both tasks.
- PHP provides the fopen() function for opening a file and this function
requires a string that contains the file path followed by a string that the
mode in which the file is to be opened.
- The common modes are read (r) , write (w) and append (a).
- The fopen() function returns a file resource.
- To open a file for reading , you use the following syntax.
$fp = fopen(“filename”,”mode”)
$fp = fopen(“test.txt”,”r”);
- The following syntax is used for writing into a file.
$fp = fopen(“test.txt”,”w”);
- To open a file for appending that is To add data at the end of file.
$fp = fopen(“test.txt”,”a”);
- The fopen() function returns false, If the file can not be opened for any
reason.
If($fp=fopen(“test.txt”,”w”)
{
// code to be executed
}
or
if($fp=fopen(“test.txt”,”w”) or die(“can not open file, Sorry”);
- After doing your work on file, you should remember to close the file by
using the function fclose().
- the fclose() function requires the file pointer as argument.
- The following is the syntax.
$fp=fopen(“test.txt”,”w”);
.
.
fclose($fp);

Example Program:
Write a program to open a file for reading its content. If content is not
available , Then add some content into file.
<?php
$file='s1.txt';
if(file_exists($file))
{
$handle=fopen($file,"r");
$contents=fread($handle,filesize($file));
fclose($handle);
echo $contents;
}
else
{
$handle=fopen($file,"w");
$contents='Brad' . PHP_EOL . 'Sara' . PHP_EOL . 'Mike';
fwrite($handle,$contents);
fclose($handle);
}
?>

Reading from Files, Writing or Appennding to a File:


- PHP provides a number of functions for reading data from files.
- These functions enable you to read by the byte or by the whole line or
even by the single character.
Reading lines from a file with fgets() and feof() functions:
- When you open a file for reading, you might want to access it line by
line.
- To read a line from a file, you use the fgets() function which requires the
file pointer as argument and an integer, which specifies the number of
bytes that function should read.
- The fgets() function reads the file until it reaches a new line character.
Syntax:
$line=fgets($fp,1024);
- To know the end of file, we use feof() function. If we reach end of file,
this function returns true otherwise it returns false.
Syntax:
feof($fp)
where fp is the file pointer returned by the fopen() function.

line by line reading from a file:

<?php

$filename="s1.txt";

$fp=fopen($filename,"r") or die("Could not open file");

while(!feof($fp))

$line=fgets($fp,1024);

echo $line . "</br>";

?>

Reading arbitrary amounts of data from a file with fread() function:

Rather than reading text by the line, you can choose to read from a file in
arbitrary defined chunks.
$chunks=fread($fp,16);

<?php

$fn="s1.txt";

$fp=fopen($fn,"r") or die("Could not open a file");

while(!feof($fp))

$chunk=fread($fp,2);

echo $chunk . "<br>";

?>

Reading characters from a file with fgetc() function:

$char=fgetc($fp);

<?php

$fn="s1.txt";

$fp=fopen($fn,"r") or die("Could not open file");

while(!feof($fp))

$char=fgetc($fp);

echo $char . "<br>";

?>

Writing or Appending to a file:

When you write to a file, we use the following syntax:


$fp=fopen(“test.txt”,”w”);

When you append to a file, We use the following syntax.

$fp=fopen(“test.txt”,”a”);

Writing to a file with fwrite() or fputs() function:

- The fwrite() function accepts a file pointer and a string as arguments


and it writes into a file.
- The fputs() function also accepts a file pointer and string as arguments
and writes into a file.
this function appends into a file.
Syntax:
fwrite($fp,”Hello World”);
fputs($fp,”Another World”);

<?php

$fn="s2.txt";

$fp=fopen($fn,"w") or die("Could not open");

fwrite($fp,"hello world\n");

fclose($fp);

echo "<p> Append to the file " . $fn . "</p>";

$fp=fopen($fn,"a") or die("Could not open file");

fputs($fp,"This is another line\n");

fclose($fp);

?>

Working With Directories:

- Directory is nothing but a folder.


- In Directory, we can store all the files.
- In a Directory, There may be another directory.

The following are the operations on Directory.

1. Listing all files in a Directory.


2. Check for specific file in a directory.
3. check if the name is a directory name or file name
4. Create a directory
5. copy files between directories

Listing all files in a Directory:

- using scandir() function, we can list all the files in a directory.


- syntax: scandir($path_of_the_folder);
Ex:-

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