Midterm 18

National Taiwan University Advanced Structural Theory
Department of Civil Engineering Instructor: L.-J. LEU

Fall 2018
Midterm Examination, November 29, 2018
Time: 10:00-12:00
1. Fig. 1 shows two rigid bars AE and BE that are pinned together at node E and they are also tied by
two horizontal axial bars AB and CD. Assuming the vertical downward displacement of node E is
V, derive to express the applied load P in terms of the displacement V for the following two cases:
(a) Linearly elastic material: the axial force-deformation relation is known as f AB  k11 and
f CD  k2 2 , where 1 is the axial elongation of bar AB,  2 is the axial elongation of bar CD,
k1 and k2 are given stiffness coefficients. (8%)
(b) Nonlinearly elastic material: the axial force-deformation relation is known as f AB  k11 +k313
and f CD  k2 2 +k4 23 , where 1 and  2 have the same definition as in (a), k1 , k2 , k3 and
k4 are given stiffness coefficients. (10%)

Hint: you need to determine 1 and  2 in terms of V first.
2. The lateral (horizontal) stiffness of truss ABCD shown in Fig. 2(a) is given as 10 kN/mm. Now a
horizontal member AE is added as shown in Fig. 2(b) but it is fabricated too long. It is also known
that the axial stiffness of member AE is EAAE / LAE  2 kN/mm.
(a) For the assembled truss of Fig. 2(b), wat is the amount of the fabrication error if the axial force
of member AE is 5 kN (in compression) ? (8%)
(b) For the assembled truss of Fig. 2(b), let us then cool member AE so that the axial force of
member AE changes from 5 kN (in compression) in problem (a) to become 5 kN (in tension).
What is the amount of temperature drop for member AE? Assume E=100 kN/mm2, AAE =300
mm2 and   2 105 / o C . (8%)
(c) What is the final horizontal displacement of node A after cooling member AE? (4%)
P
E
3m
C D A E A
3m Y
A B
B C D C
12 m X B D
Fig. 1 Fig. 2(a) Fig. 2(b)
3. Solve KU  P by the triple-factoring decomposition method, where the stiffness matrix K and
the load vector P are given as follows (10%)
 6 6 0 0   30 
 6 9 6 0   
K=   and P  30 
 0 6 15 9   
 50 
  165 
 0 0 9 30 
1
4. Consider a grid structure in the XZ plane shown in Fig. 3 consisting of element AB (length=a), AC
(length=b), and AD (length=b). Each element has the same cross section with the sectional
moment of inertia about the strong axis being denoted as I and the torsional constant as J. The
stiffness matrix of the structure can be expressed as K 33  k AB  k AC  k AD . Note that the
Y-axis is inward and the DOFs corresponding to K 33 are Δ=<VA ,  XA ,  ZA >T , namely the
displacement along the Y-axis and the rotations about the X-axis and the Z-axis of node A.
Determine k AB , k AC , and k AD in terms of EI, GJ, a, b, and c by using the definition of k ；
namely you shall determine each element stiffness matrix column by column. (22%)
( 5%+5%+12%)
5. As shown in Fig. 4, three axial bars are pinned together and they are subjected to a pretension T
first. Assuming the weights of the bars can be neglected and the change in the axial force is very
small and hence the axial force remains the same value as T, determine the downward
displacements at nodes B and C, vB and vC . (12%)
Z
C
3P
b P
c D
X A B C D
300 L 2L 2L
B a A (Pretension=T)
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
6. Consider the structure with rigid ends (zones) of length a and b and the DOFS shown in Fig. 5(a)
with its element stiffness matrix being written as k a and it can be expressed as
k a  T1T k b T1  T2T k c T2 . Note that AB is a beam-column element and BC is a truss element, which
is pin connected to the beam-column. The element stiffness matrix k b corresponds to the DOFs
of Fig. 5(b) and k c corresponds to the DOFs of Fig. 5(c). Determine (T1 )66 and (T2 ) 26 . (18
%)
2
3 C 5 1
1 5 2 L2  a 2
L2  a 2 6
a 3 6 C
1 4 2
A B b 4 A B B
L L
Fig. 5(a) Fig. 5(b) Fig. 5(c)

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National Taiwan University Advanced Structural Theory

Department of Civil Engineering Instructor: L.-J. LEU

k4 are given stiffness coefficients. (10%)

Fig. 1 Fig. 2(a) Fig. 2(b)

Fig. 5(a) Fig. 5(b) Fig. 5(c)

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