Review of Related Literature

The following literature presents the findings conducted by different

researchers in local and abroad which provided the researchers a legal basis

related to the variables of this study. The first independent variable of this

study is the study habits with two indicators namely note taking, and time

management as proposed by Caylan et. al. (2024). On the other hand, the

dependent variable of this study is the academic performance with three

indicators namely self-efficacy, student’s attendance, and class engagement

as proposed by Caylan et. al. (2024).

Study Habits

Students' techniques and strategies to facilitate their learning are

known as study habits, and these habits can be systematic, efficient, or

inefficient. Efficient study habits are essential for promoting positive academic

performance, while inefficient study habits can result in academic failure. In

addition, the socio-economic status (SES) of parents and the support

provided by educational agencies play a critical role in shaping students' study

habits across various levels of education. Furthermore, research has shown

that when both parents and teachers work together to provide the necessary

support systems to guide a child’s development, the child stands a greater

chance of achieving educational success. With the right environment,

feedback, and guidance, effective study habits not only improve academic

performance but also contribute to the development of a balanced personality.

In school, teachers should consistently guide students in establishing effective

study habits, while at home, parents must also provide support and
encouragement. Therefore, it is the shared responsibility of both teachers and

parents to identify students’ effective study habits and guide them accordingly

(Khan, 2016).

It is a common experience for individuals to encounter difficulties with

studying at one time or another, and it is through diligent efforts that students

work to overcome these challenges. Effective study habits include

demonstrating high levels of motivation, avoiding unnecessary distractions,

using appropriate learning styles with focused concentration and genuine

interest, retaining information, and practicing effective time management.

Essentially, study habits reflect the extent to which a learner engages in

regular acts of studying in a focused and systematic manner in order to

achieve high levels of academic performance and excel in examinations.

Developing these habits is crucial, as they not only enhance academic

outcomes but also cultivate essential skills for lifelong learning. Ultimately,

students who adopt effective study strategies are better equipped to navigate

the complexities of their educational journeys and achieve their goals (Malini

& Arasi, 2018).

Study habits have always been an integral part of a student’s day-to-

day experiences and represent the practices that allow learners to sustain

interest in their studies without feeling undue pressure or becoming

overwhelmed. These habits are widely regarded as some of the most

important determinants of a student’s academic performance, encompassing

habitual tendencies and practices that students consistently exhibit during the

process of acquiring knowledge. A variety of study habits have emerged,

including time management, setting appropriate goals, choosing a conducive

study environment, utilizing effective note-taking strategies, identifying key

ideas, and maintaining a high level of organization (Castillo et al., 2023).

Moreover, by adopting effective study habits, senior high school

students can better manage the academic challenges they face and

significantly enhance their overall learning experiences. Senior high school

students, in particular, should understand the importance of improving their

study habits, as this can be especially beneficial when they transition to

college life, which can often be quite stressful. As indicated by Tus et al.

(2020), the process of developing and refining study habits can serve as a

critical source of motivation for students to strive for academic excellence.

A research study examining the study habits of senior high school

students found that the majority of participants identified several key factors

affecting their study habits. These factors included the regular attendance of

classes, preparation of a study schedule, timely completion of assignments,

ensuring at least six hours of sleep each night, sticking to a designated study

schedule, studying for at least 30 minutes without interruptions, taking short

breaks for activities such as walking, snacking, or using the phone, ensuring

that the study environment is free of noise, possessing a strong command of

prerequisite math skills, consistently completing homework, working through

problems before checking solutions, actively participating in class, asking

questions when concepts are unclear, and maintaining proficiency in English

grammar, punctuation, and spelling (Calucag, 2020).

Furthermore, study habits refer to the techniques students employ

when preparing for examinations or learning new academic material, and they

encompass activities such as organizing study materials, creating structured

study schedules, taking detailed notes, and practicing problem-solving. These

habits are critical for enhancing learning outcomes because they enable

students to engage more deeply with academic content and retain information

more effectively. A strong set of study habits can significantly impact a

student's level of understanding and overall academic performance; in fact,

consistent routines such as regular review and active learning strategies help

students grasp complex concepts and apply their knowledge in meaningful

ways. Conversely, poor study habits often lead to misunderstandings and

lower academic performance. Ultimately, the cultivation of effective study

habits is an essential determinant of academic success, making it crucial for

educators to actively support students in developing these skills (Gupta et al.,

2019).

Study habits play a significant role in influencing academic

achievement, particularly among secondary and senior secondary students,

with better habits leading to higher levels of academic performance. For this

reason, both schools and parents must focus on encouraging and fostering

the development of good study practices. Teachers have a critical role in

guiding students to cultivate and strengthen effective study habits, while

parents must also understand their importance and remain vigilant in

monitoring their children's progress. Ultimately, a collaborative effort among

schools, parents, and students is necessary for fostering successful academic

outcomes (Sherafat et al., 2016).

Note Taking. Note-taking refers to an individual’s practice of briefly

recording attention-grabbing, unfamiliar, or newly learned information to

remember it later. Importantly, note-taking has evolved from a routine action

into a recognized skill that plays a crucial role in effective learning. In the past,

students often transcribed every word taught in class, resulting in lengthy and

sometimes overwhelming notes that were difficult to review. Nowadays,

students focus on capturing key information in short, often abbreviated, notes

that are tailored to their understanding. This approach encourages students to

engage more deeply with the material, as they must actively process and

summarize the content. Ultimately, effective note-taking not only aids memory

retention but also enhances comprehension, contributing to the academic

success of students across various disciplines (Özçakmak et al., 2019).

Additionally, there has been ongoing discussion about the most

effective methods for organizing and assessing note-taking strategies. For

instance, the most common in-class strategy involves selecting key points,

followed by comprehension monitoring, organization, copying, and

elaboration. Notably, after class, elaboration becomes the most frequently

used strategy, followed by organization and help-seeking. Furthermore,

gender differences are evident, with females being more likely to use

strategies such as copying and comprehension monitoring during class, and

elaboration and help-seeking afterward. These findings suggest that while

certain strategies may be universally beneficial, individual preferences and

learning styles also play a significant role in the effectiveness of note-taking.

As educators continue to explore these methods, understanding these

nuances can help tailor instructional approaches to better support diverse

student needs (Chen, 2019).

Moreover, students' note-taking positively impacts learning through

exposure to second-language input, although the effect size tends to be small

to medium. Research consistently shows that effective note-taking enhances

both learning and comprehension, serving as a valuable tool for information

retention and understanding. A recent meta-analysis confirmed this,

demonstrating a small to medium positive overall effect on learning through

second-language input, which highlights the importance of this practice in

educational settings. Furthermore, effective note-taking strategies can

facilitate better organization of information, making it easier for students to

review and recall key concepts later. However, the effectiveness of note-

taking can be influenced by various factors, such as learner characteristics,

including motivation and prior knowledge, as well as treatment variables like

the format and structure of the notes taken. Additionally, specific note-taking

features, such as the use of symbols or diagrams, can also play a critical role

in determining how well students benefit from their notes (Jin et al., 2023).

In addition, note-taking improves recall and performance, especially

when combined with active note-making and regular review. Customizing

personal note-taking systems and reviewing notes afterward significantly

boosts retention and comprehension. Although structured methods like the

Cornell system can be helpful, some students may find them too demanding.

Therefore, educators can support more effective note-taking by organizing

lectures, adjusting the pace of delivery, and providing cues for key points

(Jiwane, 2019).

Furthermore, a study conducted at the City College of New York by

Salame et al. (2020) examined the impact of strategic note-taking on the

performance and achievement of science, engineering, and mathematics

students. The research, based on survey data from 160 students, found that
effective note-taking improves material recall, understanding of course

content, exam preparation, and overall grades. Students who engaged in

strategic and extensive note-taking demonstrated higher performance and

achievement, as well as a positive correlation between note-taking skills and

GPA. These findings suggest that proper note-taking is a crucial skill for

academic success in a college setting.

Time Management. Time management refers to the effective planning

and allocation of working hours to achieve specific goals. It involves

identifying temporary resources, setting priorities, and monitoring the

execution of plans. Crucially, this skill helps individuals organize and plan

activities more efficiently, with time resources allocated thoughtfully and tasks

monitored closely. Time management can be either simple or systematic, with

the latter focusing on overarching life goals (Koba, 2022).

In today’s fast-paced world, effective time management has become

even more critical. It requires various strategies and techniques, such as goal

setting, planning, prioritization, and delegation. The advent of digital tools has

further enhanced efficiency, with flexible online time management systems

accessible through web browsers on different devices. By combining available

methods, individuals can customize their approaches to suit personal needs

and preferences, ultimately optimizing productivity and improving work-life

balance (Akhmarov et al., 2023).

Furthermore, research highlights the positive impact of time

management on both personal and professional life. A meta-analysis found

that time management interventions in university settings improve academic

performance, student satisfaction, and self-efficacy. Specifically, interventions

targeting time management skills directly boost academic success and self-

confidence, while broader approaches enhance student satisfaction. These

findings underscore the importance of incorporating time management

training into educational settings to foster optimal learning outcomes.

Moreover, by equipping students with effective time management strategies,

educational institutions can help them navigate the demands of their

academic responsibilities while preparing them for future professional

challenges (Da Liu et al., 2024).

Additionally, effective time management, including strategies such as

maintaining regular sleep patterns and utilizing digital tools like to-do lists, has

consistently been linked to improved organizational skills and academic

performance. Students who use digital tools, in particular, benefit from better

task management, increased focus, and timely completion of assignments.

Despite the clear advantages of these practices, studies indicate that fewer

than half of students consistently apply time management strategies. This

reveals a gap between knowledge of these tools and their actual application.

As a result, there is a growing need for educational institutions to emphasize

and promote the regular use of effective time management practices to further

support students in achieving their academic goals (Alyami et al., 2021).

Time management has become increasingly significant in today’s fast-

paced world, where timely decision-making is essential for both individuals

and organizations. Recognizing time as the most valuable resource, effective

time management directly influences success and the achievement of goals.

Neglecting this crucial skill can lead to disastrous outcomes, resulting in

chaos and a plethora of unfinished tasks. Proper time management not only
enables individuals and companies to meet their objectives on time but also

positively affects overall well-being and mental health. Despite acknowledging

its importance, many still struggle to implement effective time management

strategies in their daily lives. This underscores the need for a better

understanding and application of time management techniques to enhance

success and reduce stress (Gavardashvili, D., 2023).

Academic Performance

Academic performance is broadly defined as the measurable output of

a student's success in their educational pursuits, often represented through

grades, standardized test scores, and the completion of academic milestones.

It reflects a student’s mastery over specific subjects, skills, and learning

objectives, making it a critical indicator of educational outcomes. In the

context of senior high school students, academic performance also highlights

a student’s preparedness for further studies or vocational paths. This

performance is influenced by various personal, social, and environmental

factors, and its study has attracted significant research attention in the past

decade (Brew et al., 2021).

One major factor that influences academic performance is socio-

economic status. Students from higher-income families often have access to

more educational resources, such as tutoring, technology, and quiet study

environments. These advantages contribute to better academic outcomes,

whereas students from lower-income families may struggle due to financial

constraints and limited access to educational support. Despite the high

aspirations of students and families from lower socio-economic backgrounds,

financial barriers often prevent them from reaching their full academic

potential (Castillon et al., 2024).

Moreover, the learning environment and teaching methods within the

school also greatly impact academic performance. For instance, inquiry-based

learning, where students actively engage in hands-on problem-solving and

investigation, has been shown to improve academic outcomes. This approach

fosters critical thinking and a deeper understanding of the subject matter,

leading to better academic achievements. Engaging students in this way

helps them develop skills that are essential for both academic success and

real-world applications (Huyer et al., 2020).

As Labasano (2015) stated, student attendance and study habits are

critical predictors of academic performance, particularly among senior high

school students. Regular attendance plays a fundamental role in students’

ability to grasp the content delivered in class. When students consistently

attend their classes, they are more likely to stay engaged, develop a routine,

and absorb material that helps build the foundational knowledge required for

examinations and overall academic success. Studies show that frequent

absenteeism disrupts learning continuity, leading to gaps in understanding,

which ultimately diminishes performance on assessments.

In addition to regular class attendance, participation in review sessions

has been identified as a key factor in improving academic performance.

Review sessions, whether teacher-led or peer-organized, provide students

with opportunities to revisit and consolidate their knowledge before exams.

These sessions often focus on clarifying difficult concepts and practicing test-

like questions, thereby enabling students to feel more confident and better
prepared for assessments. Studies have indicated that students who actively

participate in review sessions tend to score higher on exams compared to

their peers who do not, as these sessions enhance memory retention and

problem-solving skills (Ragma et al., 2017).

Similarly, a study by Snopçe et al. (2015) on student performance at a

university highlights the critical role of attendance in lectures and practical

sessions in relation to academic performance. The research, using binary

logistical regression, found that students who attended over 70% of their

classes had approximately five times better chances of passing their exams

compared to those who missed more than 30%, indicating a strong link

between attendance and academic performance. Factors influencing

attendance included scheduling conflicts, social activities, and course

difficulty, which, when addressed, could lead to improved academic

outcomes. By enhancing attendance and engagement, student performance

—and academic performance overall—can be significantly improved.

According to Ampofo et al. (2015), who explored the relationships

between parental involvement, parents' academic ambitions for their children,

peer influence, the child's academic ambition, and the child's effort in relation

to academic performance, there is a strong positive correlation among these

factors. The study found that when parents are involved and encourage high

academic aspirations, students are more likely to succeed in their studies.

The findings emphasize the importance of parental support in fostering

academic ambition, with educated mothers playing a particularly significant

role in influencing their children's educational goals. Overall, the study

suggests that encouraging hard work and high aspirations is essential for

students' academic success.

Self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is defined as an individual’s belief in their

ability to successfully accomplish specific tasks or challenges. This concept,

introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura, plays a crucial role in influencing

motivation, perseverance, and resilience when faced with difficulties. Notably,

high levels of self-efficacy are associated with greater academic motivation

and improved performance among students, as they feel more capable of

achieving their goals (Saks, 2024).

Moreover, recent research has highlighted the significant role of self-

efficacy in the academic performance of senior high school students. For

instance, one study found that cognitive, behavioral, and emotional

engagement are key predictors of students' self-efficacy. Specifically, the

findings revealed that both behavioral and emotional engagement accounted

for considerable variance in self-efficacy, underscoring their importance in

shaping students' beliefs about their capabilities (Asanre & Chinaka, 2024).

In addition to these findings, another important area of research has

focused on the positive effects of self-efficacy on academic performance.

Studies consistently show that students with high self-efficacy are more likely

to set challenging goals, persist in the face of difficulties, and exhibit higher

levels of motivation. For example, a meta-analysis found that self-efficacy is a

strong predictor of academic performance across various subjects, indicating

that students who believe in their capabilities tend to achieve better results

(Coros & Madrigal, 2021).

 Furthermore, effective strategies for enhancing self-efficacy in students

have been explored extensively. Research suggests that providing students

with opportunities for mastery experiences—where they can practice and

improve their skills—significantly enhances their self-efficacy beliefs.

Additionally, offering constructive feedback helps students recognize their

strengths and identify areas for growth, reinforcing their confidence. Modeling

positive behaviors, such as resilience in the face of challenges, also plays a

crucial role in shaping students’ attitudes. Consequently, teachers can create

a supportive classroom environment that encourages students to take risks

and learn from their mistakes. By fostering a culture that values effort and

views setbacks as learning opportunities, educators can help students build a

stronger sense of self-efficacy (Han et al., 2021).

Ultimately, self-efficacy plays a vital role in academic achievement and

motivation among students. Those with higher self-efficacy are more inclined

to set challenging academic goals, which enhances their overall performance.

This belief positively shapes students' motivation and expectancy-value

beliefs, helping them view tasks as valuable and achievable. As a result, this

perspective increases their effort and persistence when faced with challenges

(Doménech-Betoret et al., 2017).

Additionally, according to Omari et al. (2020), key factors influencing

self-efficacy include living circumstances during the academic year, level of

education, motivation from professors, and reasons for enrolling in university.

The study finds that students living away from their parents tend to have

higher self-efficacy, while third-year students exhibit greater confidence in

their abilities compared to first-year students. Motivational professors and

goal-oriented university enrollment also enhance self-efficacy. The type of

institution (public or private) has little impact on self-regulated learning,

emphasizing the importance of a safe and supportive classroom environment.

This study aligns with Virgil's quote, "They are able who think they are able."

Student’s Attendance. Student attendance refers to the act of being

present at school or university and is also used to represent the number of

students attending on a specific day. It is a vital metric that schools and

universities monitor to gauge participation and engagement levels within their

academic communities. An attendance policy sets clear guidelines and

expectations for student attendance, which are defined, written, and

implemented by the school or institution. This policy outlines the criteria for

excused and unexcused absences, as well as the consequences for failing to

meet attendance requirements. The responsibility for recording attendance

may vary, with class representatives, teachers, or both handling the process,

depending on the institution's system. Accurate attendance records are

essential, as they not only reflect student engagement but also impact

funding, accountability measures, and overall academic performance. By

maintaining consistent attendance, students can maximize their learning

opportunities and contribute to a positive educational environment (Pai, 2016).

In fact, Yankyerah et al. (2023) conducted a study to understand the

factors influencing low attendance among senior high school students. They

found that contributing factors include regular absenteeism without

permission, ineffective school supervisory practices, lack of student interest,

peer influence, and insufficient guidance and counseling services. Additional

issues such as the availability of escape routes from school, inadequate

parental support in fulfilling financial obligations, and a lack of learning

resources further exacerbate the problem. Addressing these factors is crucial

for improving attendance rates among students.

Furthermore, the attendance rate of students in class is important

because students are more likely to succeed academically when they attend

regularly. Consistent attendance enables students to engage with the material

more thoroughly and participate in classroom discussions, which can enhance

their understanding and retention of information. Teachers find it difficult to

make their classes interactive and foster student participation if a large

number of students are frequently absent. When attendance is low, the

dynamic of the classroom can be significantly affected, making it challenging

for teachers to maintain engagement and enthusiasm. In addition to falling

behind academically, students who are not in school regularly are more likely

to receive low marks, as attendance is considered a baseline factor in

determining student success. This relationship between attendance and

performance underscores the importance of establishing a culture of

attendance within educational institutions, as it can ultimately shape students'

academic trajectories and long-term outcomes (Ancheta et al., 2021).

A study conducted by Syih (2023) highlights that 27% of students have

low attendance, with boys attending less frequently than girls. Key reasons for

this absenteeism include girls being burdened with domestic responsibilities,

such as caring for siblings and performing household chores, especially when

parents are away, while some boys work in the fields during peak agricultural

seasons. Furthermore, students who struggle academically may lack interest

in school, and some parents underestimate the importance of regular

attendance, failing to motivate their children. This low attendance negatively

impacts students' learning outcomes, diminishes their engagement in

curricular activities, and hinders their ability to complete assignments,

ultimately affecting their overall academic progress.

Similarly, the study by Attakumah (2022) underscores the importance

of class attendance in determining academic performance. It reveals a strong

positive correlation between regular attendance and higher academic

achievement. Students who attended classes consistently scored significantly

better than those with low attendance, demonstrating that regular participation

enhances learning outcomes. Consequently, the findings suggest that

attendance is crucial for academic success, as students who frequently miss

classes are more likely to perform poorly. Therefore, education policies should

emphasize the importance of class attendance, as improving it can directly

contribute to better academic results for all students. Classrom

Engagement. Classroom engagement refers to a student’s active

involvement in learning activities, encompassing the attention, interest,

investment, and effort that they dedicate to their work. In this context,

engaged students not only participate actively but also contribute to creating a

more dynamic and interactive learning environment. Ultimately, classroom

engagement plays a crucial role in enhancing the overall educational

experience. Moreover, research indicates that higher levels of engagement

lead to improved retention of information and the development of critical

thinking skills, emphasizing the importance of active participation in academic

settings (Wang et al., 2014).

 Furthermore, Kashif and Basharat (2014) stated in their study that

higher education is currently grappling with several challenges, one of which

is student engagement in classroom activities. Specifically, key factors

influencing engagement include industry-driven courses, motivated educators,

intrinsically motivated students, discussion-based learning, and updated

lecture content. Additionally, their research identifies potential areas for future

investigation, such as the differences in engagement across various subjects

—particularly between qualitative and technical courses—the influence of

gender, especially in Muslim cultures, and the role of technology in either

facilitating or hindering student engagement.

In addition, classroom engagement is a crucial predictor of students’

performance and is positively associated with various adaptive outcomes,

including academic success, school completion, optimal learning, and even

occupational success after graduation. Engaged students typically

demonstrate greater motivation and responsibility toward their education,

which enhances their overall performance. Indeed, research has also found

that student engagement protects against absenteeism, dropout, academic

adversity, failure, and a range of other maladaptive outcomes. This

emphasizes the need for effective strategies to foster engagement, as it not

only benefits individual students but also contributes to a more positive

learning environment. Given its significance and potential for improvement,

researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding the

antecedents of engagement, focusing on factors such as teaching methods,

classroom dynamics, and external support systems (Mendoza & King, 2020).
 Consequently, classroom engagement is essential for fostering

academic success and creating a supportive learning environment. In

particular, studies show that higher levels of student engagement lead to

improved academic performance, with engaged students demonstrating better

grades and increased motivation. For example, one study found that effective

classroom management strategies and active learning techniques significantly

enhance student interaction and participation, ultimately benefiting their

educational outcomes. Moreover, when students are actively engaged, they

are more likely to develop critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of

the material. This deeper connection to their learning can also lead to a

greater enthusiasm for school and a commitment to lifelong learning (Nguyen

et al., 2021).

Moreover, research highlights that class size significantly impacts

student engagement. Notably, smaller classes—those with fewer than 30

students—encourage better participation, as they create an environment

where students feel more comfortable expressing their thoughts and asking

questions. In these intimate settings, educators can pay closer attention to

individual students, tailoring their teaching methods to meet diverse learning

styles. Furthermore, teachers who demonstrate energy, inclusivity,

encouragement, and clear communication can positively influence

engagement by fostering a supportive atmosphere that motivates students to

take an active role in their learning. When students feel valued and

understood, they are more likely to invest effort into their education. In

addition, breaking large courses into smaller working groups enables more

personalized teacher-student interaction, which further enhances student

engagement. This approach not only allows for deeper discussions and

collaborative learning experiences but also cultivates a sense of community

among students, ultimately leading to improved academic outcomes and a

richer learning experience overall (Marx et al., 2016).

Overall, research consistently shows that class engagement among

senior high school students significantly enhances both academic

performance and personal development. In particular, engaged students tend

to be more attentive, motivated, and connected to the material, leading to

better academic outcomes. This is especially true when lessons are aligned

with students' interests or real-world applications, making learning relevant

and enjoyable, which in turn boosts retention and deepens understanding.

Moreover, engagement fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as

students who participate actively in discussions and collaborative activities are

more likely to excel academically. Additionally, engaged students develop

essential life skills, such as teamwork and communication, which are crucial

for their future success (Romano et al., 2021)

Correlation between Measures

Several studies have found the impact of study habits on the academic

performance of students. A study conducted by Tagud and Valle (2023)

confirms that effective study habits directly influence the academic

performance of students, with those who established good habits being more

likely to improve their performance. Specifically, students who engage in

regular review sessions, prioritize their tasks, and maintain organized study

environments tend to achieve higher grades. Similarly, Alex et al. (2024)

reported that students' academic performance is greatly influenced by their

study habits, emphasizing that academic performance and study habits are

closely linked. This connection highlights the importance of teaching students

effective study techniques from an early age. Additionally, Bentil et al. (2018)

found that specific study habits, particularly reading/note-taking and time

management, significantly predict the academic performance of high school

students in Ghana, indicating that these skills are vital for academic success.

In the same light, study habits have shown a significant relationship

with academic performance. In a study of college students, Kaur et al. (2015)

reported that study habits affect academic performance, highlighting that the

strategies students employ in their studies can make a noticeable difference

in their outcomes. Furthermore, Siahi and Maiyo (2015) also found a strong

positive relationship between study habits and academic performance in

senior high school students, suggesting that consistent and effective study

practices are crucial during these formative years. Singh et al. (2022) further

identified a significant positive relationship between study habits and

academic achievement, reinforcing the notion that students who adopt good

study techniques are more likely to excel academically. Additionally, a study

of nursing students in Peru found that 66.2% of students with good study

habits achieved high academic performance, while those with inadequate

habits were more likely to have average performance (Soto & Rocha, 2020).

This evidence underscores the importance of fostering effective study habits

as a means to enhance educational success across various academic

disciplines.
In synthesis, the relationship between study habits and academic

performance is crucial for students in any learning institution, as it significantly

influences their ability to achieve optimal and holistic learning development

throughout their educational journey. Effective study habits—including time

management, goal-setting, consistent review of materials, and the application

of active learning techniques—can lead to a deeper understanding of the

subject matter, higher grades, and a more positive overall educational

experience. Researching the connection between study habits and academic

performance can yield valuable insights for educators and researchers,

revealing not only the strategies that most effectively foster student

performance but also the psychological and environmental factors that

contribute to successful learning. Additionally, identifying specific study habits

that correlate with higher academic performance can provide practical

guidance for students who aim to enhance their performance, equipping them

with tools to navigate their academic challenges more effectively.

Furthermore, this understanding can help educators design targeted

interventions and instructional methods tailored to students' needs, ultimately

leading to improved educational practices. By fostering a deeper

comprehension of this relationship, educational institutions can cultivate an

environment that promotes academic success, benefiting students and

educators alike and paving the way for lifelong learning and achievement.