ANALYSIS OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Problem 1
Determine the nominal flexural strength Mn of the reinforced concrete beam depicted.
Assume f’c = 2,000 psi and Grade 50 reinforcement ( fy = 50,000 psi). Determine the
tensile force carried by the steel bars. Also assume that the yield strain εy occurs at a
distance of dy from the extreme compression fiber. From similar triangles, the
following relationship is established between dy and c:

As,min = 200bwd/Fy
= 200 × 18 × 21.7/50,000= 1.56 in2

As,min < As = 5 × 0.31 = 1.55 in2

c = As fy/0.85 fc bβ1
= 1.55 × 50,000 / 0.85 × 2,000 × 18 × 0.85 = 2.38 in
c / 0.0030 = dt − c / εt = 0.0030 (dt /c − 1)
εt = 0.0030 (21.7/2.38 − 1) = 0.0472 > 0.0040

a = β1c = 0.85 × 2.38 = 2.02 in

Mn = As fy (d − a/2) = 1.55 × 50,000 (21.7 – 2.02/2) /12,000

Mn = 133.62 ft kips

dy and c:
c / 0.0030 = dy − c/ εy

Solving for dy results in the following:

dy = c (1 + εy / 0.0030)

For Grade 50 reinforcement:

(εy = 50/29,000 = 0.00172), reduces to
dy = 3.7c
Determine the tensile force carried by the steel bars,
For fs = 600 (d-c) / c = 600 (21.7-2.38 in) / 1.8
= 6440 kips
T = As fs
= 1.55 (6440)
T = 9982 k

PROBLEM 2
Determine the nominal flexural strength Mn of the one-way slab depicted. Assume fc
= 3,000 psi and Grade 40 reinforcement ( fy = 40,000 psi).
a. Determine neutral axis depth c.
b. Determine the nominal flexural strength Mn of the one-way slab depicted.
c. Determine the nominal flexural strength Mn.

ONE WAY FIGURE

As,min = 0.0018bh = 0.0018 × 12 × 8 = 0.17 in 2

As,min < As = 0.20 in2
β1 = 0.85 for fc = 3,000 psi

c = As fy /0.85 fcbβ1
= 0.20 × 60,000/ 0.85 × 3,000 × 12 × 0.85
c= 0.31 in

c / 0.0030 = dt − c / εt or εt = 0.0030 (dt / c − 1)

εt = 0.0030 (7/0.31 − 1)
= 0.0647 > 0.0040
Because εt > 0.0040, the maximum reinforcement requirement of ACI 10.3.5 is
satisfied.
Determine depth of the equivalent stress block a.
a = β1c = 0.85 × 0.31 =
a = 0.26 in
Mn = As fy (d − a/2)
= 0.20 × 40,000 (7 − 0.26/2) /12,000 =
Mn = 4.58 ft kips per foot width of slab

PROBLEM 3
Assume fc = 5,000 psi and Grade 60 reinforcement ( fy = 60,000 psi).
a. Determine β1
b. Determine the depth of the equivalent stress block a
c. Determine the nominal flexural strength Mn

As,min = 3√fc bwd / fy= 3√5,000 × 12 × 14.8 / 60,000 = 0.63 in2

As,min < As = 6 × 0.44 = 2.64 in2

β1 = 1.05 − 0.00005 fc = 1.05 − (0.00005 × 5,000)
β1= 0.80
for fc= 5,000 psi

c = As fy/ 0.85 fc bβ1

= 2.64 × 60,000 / 0.85 × 5,000 × 12 × 0.80 = 3.9 in

0.0030 = dt − c / εt or εt = 0.0030 (dt / c − 1)

εt = 0.003015.6 / 3.9 − 1 = 0.0090 > 0.0040

Because εt > 0.0040, the maximum reinforcement requirement of ACI 10.3.5 is

satisfied.

Because Grade 60 reinforcement is specified in this example, use Eq. (5.15) to check
the assump-
tion that all of the reinforcement yields:

dy = 1.7c = 1.7 × 3.9 = 6.6 in

Εs / 13.9 − 3.9 = 0.0030 / 3.9 or εs = 0.0077 > εy = 0.00207

a = β1c = 0.80 × 3.9 =

a =3.1 in

Mn = As fy (d − a / 2)
= 2.64 × 60,000 (14.8 − 3.1/2) /12,000
Mn = 174.9 ft kips
PROBLEM 4

A reinforced concrete beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 600 mm. It
is reinforced with 4-32 mm diameter bars for tension. f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 275 MPa.
Find the moment capacity of the beam.

Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Ec=4700f′c−−√=470021−−√𝐸𝑐=4700𝑓𝑐′=470021
Ec=21538.11 MPa𝐸𝑐=21538.11 MPa

Modular ratio
n=EsEc=20000021538.11𝑛=𝐸𝑠𝐸𝑐=20000021538.11
n=9𝑛=9

a.) Allowable stresses

b.) fs=140 MPa𝑓𝑠=140 MPa for Grade 275
fc=0.45f′c=0.45(21)=9.45 MPa𝑓𝑐=0.45𝑓𝑐′=0.45(21)=9.45 MPa

Steel area
As=4×14π(322)=1024π mm2𝐴𝑠=4×14𝜋(322)=1024𝜋 mm2
nAs=9(1024π)=9216π mm2

Moment of area
Qabove NA=Qbelow NA
300x(12x)=nAs(d−x)300𝑥(12𝑥)=𝑛𝐴𝑠(𝑑−𝑥)
150x2=9216π(600−x)150𝑥2=9216𝜋(600−𝑥)
150x2+9216πx−5529600π=0150𝑥2+9216𝜋𝑥−5529600𝜋=0
x=257.22 and −450.24𝑥=257.22 and −450.24
Use x=257.22 mm𝑥=257.22 mm

B.) Moment of inertia

INA=300x33+nAs(d−x)2𝐼𝑁𝐴=300𝑥33+𝑛𝐴𝑠(𝑑−𝑥)2
INA=300(257.223)3+9216π(600−257.22)2𝐼𝑁𝐴=300(257.223)3+9216𝜋(600−257.22)
2
INA=5103735931 mm4𝐼𝑁𝐴=5103735931 mm4

Moment capacity
f𝑓𝑏=𝑀𝑐𝐼
Based on concrete
fc=MxINA
9.45=M(257.22)(10002)51037359319.45=𝑀(257.22)(10002)5103735931
M=187.51 kN⋅m𝑀=187.51 kN⋅m

Based on steel
fsn=M(d−x)INA
1409=M(600−257.22)(10002)51037359311409=𝑀(600−257.22)(10002)5103735931
M=231.61 kN⋅m𝑀=231.61 kN⋅m
C.) Use the safe value of M
M=187.51 kN⋅m

PROBLEM 5
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam with width of 250 mm and effective depth of
500 mm is subjected to 150 kN·m bending moment. The beam is reinforced with 4 –
25 mm ø bars. Use alternate design method and modular ratio n = 9.
1. What is the maximum stress of concrete?
2. What is the maximum stress of steel?
3. What is the total compressive force in concrete?
Area of reinforcing bars
As=4×14π(252)=625π mm2𝐴𝑠=4×14𝜋(252)=625𝜋 mm2
nAs=9(625π)=5625π mm2

Location of the neutral axis

Qabove NA=Qbelow NA𝑄above NA=𝑄below NA
250x(12x)=nAs(d−x)250𝑥(12𝑥)=𝑛𝐴𝑠(𝑑−𝑥)
125x2=5625π(500−x)125𝑥2=5625𝜋(500−𝑥)
125x2+5625πx−2812500π=0125𝑥2+5625𝜋𝑥−2812500𝜋=0
x=204.42 and −345.79𝑥=204.42 and −345.79

Use x=204.42 mm𝑥=204.42 mm

Moment of inertia
INA=250x33+nAs(d−x)2𝐼𝑁𝐴=250𝑥33+𝑛𝐴𝑠(𝑑−𝑥)2
INA=250(204.423)3+5625π(500−204.42)2𝐼𝑁𝐴=250(204.423)3+5625𝜋(500−204.42)
2
INA=2255762492 mm4𝐼𝑁𝐴=2255762492 mm4

Bending stresses
fb=McI𝑓𝑏=𝑀𝑐𝐼
Concrete
fc=MxINA𝑓𝑐=𝑀𝑥𝐼𝑁𝐴
fc=150(204.42)(10002)2255762492𝑓𝑐=150(204.42)(10002)2255762492

𝑓𝑐=13.59 MPa
fc=13.59 MPa
Steel
fsn=M(d−x)INA𝑓𝑠𝑛=𝑀(𝑑−𝑥)𝐼𝑁𝐴
fs9=150(500−204.42)(10002)2255762492𝑓𝑠9=150(500−204.42)(10002)2255762492
fs=176.89 MPa
Total compressive force in concrete
C=12fcbx=12(13.59)(250)(204.42)
C=347.26 kN

Problem 6
A rectangular concrete beam is reinforced in tension only. The width is 300 mm and
the effective depth is 600 mm. The beam carries a moment of 80 kN·m which causes a
stress of 5 MPa in the extreme compression fiber of concrete. Use n = 9.
1. What is the distance of the neutral axis from the top of the beam?
2. Calculate the required area for steel reinforcement.
3. Find the stress developed in the steel.
ANSWER: 200 mm, 1666.67 mm2, 90 MPa

Problem 7
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam with width of 250 mm and effective depth of
500 mm is subjected to 150 kN·m bending moment. The beam is reinforced with 4 –
25 mm ø bars. Use alternate design method and modular ratio n = 9.
1. What is the maximum stress of concrete?
2. What is the maximum stress of steel?
3. What is the total compressive force in concrete?
ANSWER: fc=13.59 MPa, fs=176.89 MPa, C=347.26 Kn

Problem 8
A 350 mm x 500 mm rectangular is reinforced for tension only with 5-28 mm bars. The
beam has an effective depth of 446 mm. The beam carries a uniform dead load of 4.5

load of P and 2P as shown in Figure 2.7. Assume 𝑓𝑦=414 𝑀𝑃𝑎,𝑓′𝑐=34.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎.

kN/m (including its own weight), a uniform live load of 3 kN/m, and concentrated dead

Calculate the following: a) The ultimate moment capacity of the section in kN-m, and
b) The maximum value of P in kN.
ANSWERS: 440.18 kN-m, 149 kN.

Problem 9

at 110 on centers. Concrete cover is 20 mm, concrete strength 𝑓′𝑐=21 MPa and
A 130-mm-thick-one-way slab is reinforced with 12-mm-diameter tension bars spaced

steel yield strength 𝑓𝑦=275 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/𝑚3.
a) What is the ultimate moment capacity of the slab?
b) If the slab is simply supported over a span of 4 m, what safe
uniform live load pressure can the slab carry
a) What is the ultimate moment capacity of the slab?
b) If the slab is simply supported over a span of 4 m, what safe uniform live load

ANSWER: 𝑀𝑢=𝟐𝟒.𝟒𝟒𝟑 𝒌𝑵−𝒎, 𝜌𝐿=𝟒.𝟔𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑷𝒂

pressure can the slab carry?

Problem 10
A reinforced concrete rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective

Steel yield 𝑓𝑦 is 415 MPa and concrete strength 𝑓′𝑐 is 28 MPa. a) What is the
depth of 55 mm. The beam is reinforced with six 25-mm-diameter tension bars.

balanced steel ratio? b) What is the maximum steel area for singly reinforced? c)

ANSWER: 𝜌𝑏=𝟐.𝟖𝟖%, 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝟑,𝟐𝟒𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐, 𝑀𝑛=𝟓𝟎𝟔.𝟐 𝒌𝑵−𝒎

What is the nominal moment capacity of the beam?
 DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Problem 1

The beam is simply supported over span of 5 m. Steel strength 𝑓𝑦=415 MPa
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an overall depth of 480 mm.

and concrete𝑓′𝑐=28 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Concrete cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the steel
area. Unit weight concrete is 23.5kN/𝑚3.Other than the weight of the beam, the
beam carries a superimposed dead of 18 kN/m and a live load of 14 kN/m.
Use the strength design method.
a) Determine the maximum factored moment on the beam.
b) If the design ultimate moment capacity of the beam is 280 kN-m, determine the
required number of 20 mm tension bars.
c) If the beam will carry a factored load of 240 kN at midsPan, determine the required
number of 20 mm tension bars.

𝑓′𝑐=300 𝑀𝑃𝑎
SOLUTION

d=480-70=410 mm 𝛽1=0.85 𝑓𝑦=415 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Given: b=300m

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =1.4𝑓𝑦=0.00337
Bar diameter , 𝑑𝑏=20 𝑚
Weight of beam, 𝑤𝑏=𝛾𝑐𝐴𝑏=23.5(0.3 𝑥 0.48 )=3.384𝑘𝑁𝑚

Factored load, 𝑊𝑢=1.4(3.384+18)+ .7 (14)

a) Maximum factored moment on the beam.

Factored load, 𝑊𝑢=53.738 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑀𝑢=𝑊𝑢𝐿28 𝑀𝑢=53.738(5)28
Maximum factored moment:

𝑀𝑢=𝟏𝟔𝟕.𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝑵−𝒎
b) 𝑀𝑢=280 𝑘𝑁−𝑚
Solve for 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 to determine whether compression steel is needed
𝜌𝑏=0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1600𝑓𝑦(600+ 𝑓𝑦)
𝜌𝑏=0.85(28)(0.85)(600)415(600+415)
𝜌𝑏=0.02881 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.75 𝜌𝑏
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.021261
𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑓𝑦𝑓′𝑐
𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.03203
𝑅𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝑓′𝑐𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥(1−0.59 𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥)=7.274
Required 𝑀𝑢=280 𝑘𝑁−𝑚<𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑀𝑢=𝜑𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2
(singly reinforced)

280 𝑥 106=.90 𝑅𝑛(300)(410)2 𝑅

𝑛=6.169 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜌=0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑓𝑦[1− 𝜌=0.85(28)415
[1−√1−2(6.619)0.85(28)]=0.01755>𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐴
2𝑅𝑛0.85𝑓′𝑐]

𝑠=𝜌 𝑏 𝑑 𝐴𝑠=0.01755(300)(410) 𝐴𝑠=2159𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠=𝜋/4𝑑𝑏2

N=6.79 OR 7 BARS
2159=𝜋/4(20)2𝑁

𝑃𝑢=240𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑊_𝑑=3.384 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (weight of beam)

𝑀𝑢=𝑃𝑢𝐿4+(1.4𝑊𝑑)𝐿28=314.805 𝑘𝑁−𝑚<𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦)
𝑛=𝑀𝑢𝜑𝑏𝑑2
𝑅𝑛=314.805 𝑥 1060.90(300)(410)2
𝑅𝑛=6.936𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜌=0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑓𝑦[1−√1− 2𝑅𝑛0.85𝑓′𝑐]
𝜌=0.85(28)415 [1−√1− 2𝑅𝑛0.85𝑓′𝑐]=002031>𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛

A𝑠=𝜌 𝑏 𝑑 𝐴𝑠=0.02031(300)(410)
𝐴𝑠=2498𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑠=𝜋4 𝑑𝑏2𝑁 2498 = 𝜋4(20)N
𝑁=7.95 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟖 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

Problem 2
A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 550

dead load of 25 kN/m and a uniform live load of 40 kN/m. Assume 𝑓′𝑐=21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and
mm. The beam is simply supported over a span 6 m and is used to carry a uniform

𝑓𝑦=312 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Compression

Reinforcement if necessary shall be placed at a depth 80 mm from the outermost
compression concrete.
a) Determine 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete.
b) Determine the required tension steel area.
c) Determine the required number of 25-mm tension bars.

a) Maximum steel area: 𝜌𝑏=0.85 𝑓′𝑐𝛽1600𝑓𝑦(600+ 𝑓𝑦)

SOLUTION

𝛽1=0.85 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜌𝑏=0.85(21)(0.85)(600)/312(312+600)
𝜌𝑏=0.03199
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.75𝜌𝑏
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.75(0.03199)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.02399
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.02399(300)(550)
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝟑,𝟗𝟓𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟐

b) Required tension steel area:

 Factored load: 𝑊𝑢 =1.4 𝐷+ 1.7 𝐿
𝑊𝑢=1.4(25)+1.7(40)
𝑊𝑢=103 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 Required strength: 𝑀𝑢=𝑊𝑢 𝐿28
𝑀𝑢=103(6)28
𝑀𝑢=463.5kN-m

Solve for 𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝜔=𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑦𝑓′𝑐
𝜔=0.0299(312)21
𝜔=0.356
𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝜑𝑓′𝑐𝜔𝑏𝑑2(1−0.59𝜔)
𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.90(30)(0.356)(300)(550)2[1−0.59(0.356)]
𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =536.5 𝑘𝑁−𝑚>𝑀𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑀𝑢 =𝜑 𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢=0.39 𝑅𝑛(300)(550)2
463.5 𝑥 106=0.9 𝑅𝑛(300)(550)2
𝑅𝑛=5.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜌=0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑓𝑦(1−√1− 2𝑅𝑛0.85 𝑓,𝑐)

𝜌=0.85(21)312 [1−√1− 2(5.67)0.85(21)]
𝜌=0.02269
𝐴𝑠=𝜌𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠=0.002269(300)(550)
𝐴𝑠=3743 𝑚𝑚2

Number of 25-mm bars= 𝐴𝑠/𝐴𝑠 25

c) Number of 25 mm bars:

Number of 25-mm bars= 3.743𝜋/4(25)2=7.63 OR 8

PROBLEM 3:
A beam given a base of b= 300mm and depth of d= 600mm. f’c= 27.5 Mpa fy=
413.70.
REQ’D:
pbal=?
pmax=?
Asmax=?

pbal=(0.85f'cβ_1)/fy (600/(600+fy))
pbal=(0.85(27.5)(0.85))/413.70 (600/(600+413.70))
pbal=0.0284

pmax=0.75(pbal)
pmax=0.75(0.0284)
pmax=0.0213

Asmax=pmax b d
=0.0213(300)(600)
Asmax= 3834 mm^2

PROBLEM 4
Problem 3:
Given a rectangular beam having a width of b= 300 mm and an effective depth of d=
500 mm, the beam is reinforced for tension only with a steel area of As= 3400 mm^2.
Use f’c= 21 MPa and fy= 415 MPa
REQ’D:
a=?
fs=?
Mu=?
Sol’n:
C=T
0.85 f’c a b= As fs
0.85(21)(0.85)c(300)=3400(600) 500-cc
C=299.652 mm
a= ß c
a= 0.85(299.652)
a=254.705 mm
fs=600d-cc
fs=600500-299.652299.652
fs= 401.160 MPa

Mu= ØMn
Mu= 0.65(As fs) d-a2
Mu=0.65(3400)(401.6) 500-254.7052
Mu= 330.376 kN-m

PROBLEM 5
A beam given a base of b= 300mm and depth of d= 600mm and As=3124mm^2. f’c=
27.5 Mpa fy= 413.70.

REQ’D:
pbal=?
pmax=?
p=?

Sol’n:
pbal=0.85f'c1fy600600+fy
pbal=0.85(27.5)(0.85)413.70600600+413.70
pbal=0.0284

pmax=0.75(pbal)
pmax=0.75(0.0284)
pmax=0.0213

p=Asbd
p=3124300(600)
p=0.0174
PROBLEM 6:
A reinforced concrete beam with a 600mm of effective depth and a base of 300mm.
f’c= 35 MPa fy=400 MPa
REQ’D:
pmax=?
No. of 28mm dia bars in tension controlled=?
No. of 28mm dia bar for srb for transition control=?

Answer:
pmax= 0.0223
No. of 28mm dia bars in tension controlled=6pcs
No. of 28mm dia bar for srb for transition controlled=7pcs

PROBLEM 7:
A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of

uniform dead load of 25 kN/m and a uniform live load of 40 kN/m. Assume 𝑓
550 mm. The beam is simply supported over a span of 6 m and is used to carry a

′𝑐=21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦=312 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Compression reinforcement if necessary shall be

placed at a depth 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete.
a) Determine 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete.
b) Determine the required tension steel area.
c) Determine the required number of 25-mm tension bars.
Answer:
Asmax = 3959 mm^2
As =3743 mm^2
number of 25-mm tension bars= 8
PROBLEM 8
Design a singly reinforced rectangular beam for a 6-m simple span to support a

concrete with =24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 . Use f’c′𝑐=34 MPa,fy=345 MPa

superimposed dead load of 29 kN/m and a live load of 44 kN/m. Assume normal weight

REQ’D:
Mu=?
Rn=?
No. of bars using 32 mm dia bar=?
Answer:
Mu= 546.516 kN-m
Rn= 9.087 MPa
No. of bars using 32 mm dia bar= 6pcs
PROBLEM 9
A reinforced concrete rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective

Steel yield 𝑓𝑦 is 415 MPa and concrete strength 𝑓′𝑐 is 28 MPa.

depth of 55 mm. The beam is reinforced with six 25-mm-diameter tension bars.

a) What is the balanced steel ratio?

b) What is the maximum steel area for singly reinforced?
c) What is the nominal moment capacity of the beam?

Answer:
Pb = 2.88%
Asmax = 3242 mm^2
Mn = 506.2 kN -m
PROBLEM 10
A propped cantilever beam shown in Figure 2.6 is made of reinforced concrete
having a width of 290 mm overall depth of 490 mm. The beam is loaded with uniform
dead load of 35 kN/m (including its own weight), and a uniform live load of 55
kN/m. Given f’c=24 MPa fy=415 MPa .Concrete cover is 60 mm from the centroid
of the bars.
Determine the
a) Ra=?
b)Mnmax =?
c) required tension steel area for maximum positive moment.

Answer:
Ra= 463.125 kN
Mnmax= 300.884 kN-m
required tension steel area for maximum positive moment= 1864 mm^2