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    Loop Statement

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    Sathya

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Loop Statement

    Uploaded by

    Sathya
    7 views9 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    7 views9 pages

    Loop Statement

    Uploaded by

    Sathya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    LOOP CONTROL STRUTURES

    Definition:
    A loop is defined as a block of statements which are repeatedly executed for certain number of
    times.
    Terms used in loop:

     loop variable
     initialization
     test condition
     incrimination/decrimination
    Loop variable: It is a variable used in the loop.
    Initialization: It is the first step in which starting and final values is assigned to the loop
    variable. Each time the updated value is checked by the loop itself.
    Test condition: It is used to test the condition.
    Incrimination/Decrimination: It is the numerical value added to or subtracted from the variable
    in each round of the loop.
    Two ways of loop control structures:

     Entry controlled loop


     Exit controlled loop

    Entry

    False
    test con

    True
    Body of the
    loop
    Three types of loop control structures:

     For loop
     While loop
     Do-while loop

    For loop:

     For loop allows to execute a set of instructions repeatedly until the certain becomes
    false.
     Assigning variable values, incrementation or decrementation and condition checking is
    done in for statement only, where as other control structures are not offered all these
    features in one statement.

    Syntax:

    for ( initialization; test-condition; incrementation/decrementation)


    {
    body of the loop;
    }

    Eg:

    ........

    ........

    int i, sum=0, n ;

    for ( i=1; i<=n; i++)

    sum = sum + i;

    printf (“sum = %d”, sum);

    ........

    ........
    Program: /* To find factorial for given number */

    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    main ( )
    {
    int n, fact=1,i;
    clrscr ( );
    printf ("enter the number for factorial=");
    scanf ("%d", &n);
    for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
    {
    fact = fact*i;
    }
    printf ("The factorial is=%d", fact);
    getch();
    }
    Output:
    Enter the number for factorial=5
    The factorial is=120

    Nested loops:

     The loop within the loop is called nested loop.


     In nested for loop two or more for statements are included in the body of the loop.
     The number of iterations in this type of structure will be equal to the number of iterations
    in the outer loop multiplied by the number of iterations in the inner loop.
    Syntax:

    for ( initialization; test-condition; incrementation/decrementation)


    {
    for ( initialization; test-condition; incrementation/decrementation)
    {
    body of the loop;
    }
    }

    Eg:

    ........

    ........

    int i, j;

    for ( i=1; i<=3; i++)

    printf (“/n”);

    for ( j=1; j<=3 ; j++)

    printf (“sum = %d\t”, j );

    ........

    ........

    Program: /*To find prime numbers for given number*/

    #include<stdio.h>

    #include<conio.h>

    main()

    int n ,t, i, j;
    clrscr ( );

    printf ("Enter the range");

    scanf ("%d", &n);

    printf ("Prime numbers are:\n");

    for (i=1; i<n; i++)

    t=0;

    for (j=2; j<i; j++)

    if((i % j)==0)

    t=1;

    break;

    if (t==0)

    printf ("%d\n", i);

    getch ( );

    Output:

    Enter the range=20

    Prime numbers are:

    1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19
    While loop:

    The while is an entry-controlled loop statement. The test-condition is evaluated and if the
    condition is true, then the body of the loop is executed. After execution of the body, the test-
    condition is once again evaluated and if it is true, the body is executed once again. This process
    of repeated execution of the body continues until the test-condition finally become false and the
    control is transferred out of the loop. On exit, the program continues with the statement
    immediately after the body of the loop.

    Syntax:

    while (test-condition)
    {
    body of the loop
    }
    Eg:

    ........

    ........

    int n, sum=0, i =1;

    printf (“Enter n numbers: ”);

    scanf (“ %d”, &n );

    while ( i <= n)

    sum = sum +i;

    i++;

    printf (“\n Sum = %d\n”, sum );

    ........

    ........
    Program: /* To find sum of individual digits */

    #include<stdio.h>

    #include<conio.h>

    main()

    int s,n=0,r;

    clrscr();

    printf("Enter a value ");

    scanf("%d",&s);

    while(s!=0)

    r=s%10;

    n=n+r;

    s=s/10;

    printf("Sum of digits = %d",n);

    getch();

    Output:

    Enter a value 456

    Sum of digits=15

    Do-while loop:

     The do-while, the condition is checked at the end of the loop.


     The do-while loop will execute at least one time even if the condition is false initially.
     The do-while loop executes until the condition becomes false.
    Syntax:

    do
    {
    body of the loop
    }
    while (test-condition);

    Eg:

    ........

    ........

    do

    printf (“ \n CSE is the best department “);

    i++;

    while ( i<=5)

    ........

    ........

    Program:

    #include<stdio.h>

    #include<conio.h>

    main()

    int a=0,b=1,c,s=0;

    clrscr ( );

    printf ( "Enter a value ");


    scanf ("%d",&c);

    printf ("%d %d ",a,b);

    do

    s=a+b;

    a=b;

    b=s;

    printf (" %d ",s);

    s=a +b;

    while (s<=c);

    getch ( );

    Output:

    Enter a value 23

    0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21

    **********************

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