USMS31: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL THEORY FOR SCIENTIST

SPSS
KNOWING SPSS
DATA EDITOR WINDOW

VARIABLES

CASES
 Find and
replace Insert Select
Finding variable Cases
variable

Recall recently
Variable’s
used dialogs Insert Split
information
cases file Show data using
Finding case value label
number
 Type of Variable’s Variable’s level of
variable explanation measurements

Coded name
for variable
Variable’s
Variable’s Variable’s
value
width Decimal
 UNDERSTANDING DATA
VARIABLES Classifies data into mutually
exclusive (nonoverlapping)
categories in which no order or
ranking can be imposed on the
data
Classifies data into categories
that can be ranked; however,
precise differences between
the ranks do not exist

Ranks data, and precise

differences between units of
measures do exist; however no
meaningful zero

Possesses all the characteristic

of measurements, and there
exist a true zero.
 OUTPUT

Output display
Output outline
 PREPARING A CODEBOOK

STEP 1: Identify code based on your

questionnaire
STEP 2: Setup your variables in Data Editor
window using Variable View tab

For example, open sleep5ed.sav

data and refer to the codebook
sleep_codebook.pdf
IMPORT YOUR DATA FROM MICROSOFT EXCEL
STEP 1: Set up an Excel spreadsheet with the variable names in the first row across
the page. The variable names must conform to the SPSS rules for naming variables
STEP 2: Enter the data according to the cases and variables. DO NOT USE ANY
FORMULAS OR ANY OTHER EXCEL FUNCTION. Save the file in the form of Microsoft
Excel Workbook. Close Excel
STEP 3: Start SPSS and select File » Open » Data. In the section labelled Files of
type, choose Excel (.xls or .xlsx extension). Find the file that contains your data.

EXAMPLE
 Change type
from String to
Numeric

STEP 1: Change the data first according to your code using Find button
STEP 2: Change the type of your variable in Variable view tab
STEP 3: Fill in the value of your data according to your code
 MANIPULATING DATA – SORT DATA
STEP 1:
Choose
DATA STEP 3: Choose
variable and drag it in
“sort by” box

STEP 2:
Sort
Cases

STEP 5: OK STEP 4: Tick Ascending /

Descending based on
your preference
MANIPULATING DATA – COLUMN SUMMARY
STEP 1: Choose
STEP 4: Drag one of the
ANALYZE
preferred variable into
this box. i.e. Age

STEP 2: Choose
Reports
STEP 5: Click
SUMMARY
STEP 3: Report summary
in columns
MANIPULATING DATA – COLUMN SUMMARY
STEP 6: You may choose
your preferred measures
by clicking in this box

STEP 8: If you wish to separate

the value based on a nominal
data, you may drag the
variable here. i.e.: Sex

STEP 7: Proceed
with continue STEP 9:
OK
MANIPULATING DATA – COMPUTE NEW VARIABLE
STEP 1:
STEP 3: Type
Transform
name of new
variable in Target
Variable
STEP 4: Fill in the numeric
expression
STEP 2: Compute
Variable

STEP 5:
OK
MANIPULATING DATA – COMPUTE NEW VARIABLE
COMPUTE MEAN VALUE ACROSS THE CASES
STEP 5: Fill in the
related variables
STEP 1: Type
name of new
variable in Target
Variable

STEP 2: Find and

choose Statistical

STEP 4:
Click the
arrow STEP 3: Choose
Mean

STEP 6:
OK
 MANIPULATING DATA – RECODE INTO NEW VARIABLE

STEP 4: Fill in
Name and
Label box

STEP 3: Insert the

STEP 1: variable that you
desired to recode
i.e. Age

STEP 2: STEP 5: Change

STEP 6: Old and New Values

 STEP 7: Use the suitable
method to recode the STEP 8: Fill in
data new value

AGE CODE:

15 – 24 (1)
25 – 44 (2)
45 – 64 (3)
>64 (4) STEP 9:
Add

STEP 10:
Continue
DATA ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTIVE. Example:
Mean, Median, Standard
Deviation, Variance,
Graphs, Boxplot
STATISTICS
INFERENTIAL. Example:
Hypothesis testing,
Correlation, ANOVA
 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
FOR SCALE TYPE DATA (INTERVAL/ RATIO)
STEP 4:Choose one (or
STEP 1: more) scale variable.
i.e. Weight

STEP 2: STEP 3:

STEP 6:For measurement

selection, click STATISTICS.
For Charts selection, click
CHARTS

STEP 5:Untick Display

frequency tables
 STEP 7: Tick the
desired
measurements

STEP 9: Suitable
chart to present
scale data is
histogram
STEP 10:
Continue

STEP 8: Continue
FOR NOMINAL/ ORDINAL TYPE DATA

Suitable chart to
present nominal/
ordinal data are
Bar / Pie charts.

Tick Display
frequency tables
SPLIT FILE OUTPUT
DISPLAY

STEP 1:

STEP 2: Drag
STEP 3:
variable

To select split file function, you may use

the shortcut in the toolbar or go to:
Data » Split file
 Our purpose is to use cases with single
SELECT CASES and divorced as their marital status
(Single = 1 , Divorced = 3)
STEP 1:

STEP 2: STEP 3: for selecting two

or more group, use OR
as command

To use select cases function, you may

use the shortcut in the toolbar or go to: STEP 4:
Data » Select cases
 CONTIGENCY TABLE STEP 4: Drag
variable(s) in both
row and column box
STEP 1:

STEP 2: STEP 5: Cells

STEP 3:
 OUTPUT
DISPLAY

STEP 6: Tick all in

Percentages box

INTERPRETATION:

Among the Female respondents,

STEP 7:
12.7% of them are smoker while
87.3% not.
 COMPUTING GRAPHS
STEP 4: Drag the variable
HISTOGRAM
STEP 1:

STEP 2:
STEP 5: Panel your
histogram using other
variable (if needed)

STEP 3: STEP 6:
OUTPUT DISPLAY
Double click the graph
to edit

CHART EDITOR
GRAPH: PIE CHART

STEP 1:

STEP 2:
STEP 6: Insert
STEP 3: the variable

STEP 4:

STEP 7:
STEP 5:
 CHART EDITOR

Show/ hide
List of
data labels
displayed
data
 First Median Third
quartile quartile
BOXPLOT
Lowest Highest
value value

STEP 1:

STEP 4:

STEP 2:

STEP 5:
STEP 3:

STEP 6:
 OUTPUT DISPLAY

OUTLIERS

STEP 7:
MULTIPLE BOXPLOT

STEP 7:
STEP 4:

STEP 8: the boxplot will

be divided according to
this variable
STEP 5:

STEP 6:

STEP 9:
OUTPUT DISPLAY
THANK YOU
REFERENCES:
Bluman, A.G. (2014). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach. (9th Edition)
McGraw-Hill International Edition, N.Y.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS Survival Manual. (5th Edition) McGraw-Hill Education, N.Y.