TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI

KỸ THUẬT LẬP TRÌNH HỆ CƠ ĐIỆN TỬ

Programming Engineering in Mechatronics

Giảng viên: TS. Nguyễn Thành Hùng

Đơn vị: Bộ môn Cơ điện tử, Viện Cơ khí

Hà Nội, 2018 1
 Chapter V. Hardware Interface Programming

❖ 1. Introduction
❖ 2. Serial Port
❖ 3. Read Data
❖ 4. Send Data
❖ 5. Real-Time Data Transfer
❖ 6. Digital Image Processing

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 1. Introduction

❖ A hardware interface specifies the plugs, sockets, cables and electrical

signals that pass through each line between the CPU and a peripheral
device or communications network.

➢ The CPU socket on the motherboard determines which CPU chips can be
used in the computer.

➢ Peripheral cards, such as a high-end graphics cards, plug into the bus on
the motherboard. The most common buses are PCI and PCI Express.

https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/51988/standards-hardware-interfaces 3
 1. Introduction

❖ The most widely used hardware interface for attaching external devices to
computers is USB. It connects printers, cameras, music players, flash drives
and auxiliary hard and optical drives.

❖ FireWire is also used for camcorders and hard disks.

❖ In addition, SATA is a common hard drive and optical drive interface.

❖ The GPIB IEEE 488 standard is used for process control instruments.

❖ The de facto standard for connecting devices to local networks (LANs) is

Ethernet, which is also used to hook up a cable or DSL modem.

https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/51988/standards-hardware-interfaces 4
 2. Serial Port

❖ Serial ports provide an easy way to communicate between many types

of hardware and your computer.
❖ They are relatively simple to use and are very common among
peripherals and especially DIY projects.
❖ Many platforms such as Arduino have built in serial communication so
they are really easy to set up and use.
❖ Many times you may want your project to communicate with your
computer in order to have a cool interactive output, a neat sensor that
passes data to your computer, or anything else you could possibly
dream up.

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control

▪ Visual Studio has a control that performs serial input and output. It is
the SerialPort control and found in the Components toolbox tab.

▪ It is a non visual control. Its main properties are set to a common

communications rate and are: BaudRate: 9600, DataBits: 8, Parity:
None, PortName: COM1, StopBits: One.
▪ Its main event is: DataReceived which occurs when data is received
from the port.

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Constructors

Description
SerialPort() Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class.
SerialPort(IContainer^) Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the
specified IContainer object.
SerialPort(String^) Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the
specified port name.
SerialPort(String^, Int32) Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the
specified port name and baud rate.
SerialPort(String^, Int32, Parity) Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the
specified port name, baud rate, and parity bit.

SerialPort(String^, Int32, Parity, Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the
Int32) specified port name, baud rate, parity bit, and data bits.

SerialPort(String^, Int32, Parity, Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the
Int32, StopBits) specified port name, baud rate, parity bit, data bits, and stop bit.
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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Properties

BaseStream Gets the underlying Stream object for a SerialPort object.

BaudRate Gets or sets the serial baud rate.

BreakState Gets or sets the break signal state.

BytesToRead Gets the number of bytes of data in the receive buffer.

BytesToWrite Gets the number of bytes of data in the send buffer.

CanRaiseEvents Gets a value indicating whether the component can raise an event. (Inherited from Component)

CDHolding Gets the state of the Carrier Detect line for the port.

Container Gets the IContainer that contains the Component. (Inherited from Component)

CtsHolding Gets the state of the Clear-to-Send line.

DataBits Gets or sets the standard length of data bits per byte.

DesignMode Gets a value that indicates whether the Component is currently in design mode. (Inherited from Component)

DiscardNull Gets or sets a value indicating whether null bytes are ignored when transmitted between the port and the receive buffer.

DsrHolding Gets the state of the Data Set Ready (DSR) signal.

DtrEnable Gets or sets a value that enables the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal during serial communication.

Encoding Gets or sets the byte encoding for pre- and post-transmission conversion of text.

Events Gets the list of event handlers that are attached to this Component. (Inherited from Component) 8
 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Properties

Handshake Gets or sets the handshaking protocol for serial port transmission of data using a value from Handshake.

IsOpen Gets a value indicating the open or closed status of the SerialPort object.

NewLine Gets or sets the value used to interpret the end of a call to the ReadLine() and WriteLine(String) methods.

Parity Gets or sets the parity-checking protocol.

ParityReplace Gets or sets the byte that replaces invalid bytes in a data stream when a parity error occurs.

PortName Gets or sets the port for communications, including but not limited to all available COM ports.

ReadBufferSize Gets or sets the size of the SerialPort input buffer.

ReadTimeout Gets or sets the number of milliseconds before a time-out occurs when a read operation does not finish.

ReceivedBytesThreshold Gets or sets the number of bytes in the internal input buffer before a DataReceived event occurs.

RtsEnable Gets or sets a value indicating whether the Request to Send (RTS) signal is enabled during serial
communication.

Site Gets or sets the ISite of the Component. (Inherited from Component)

StopBits Gets or sets the standard number of stopbits per byte.

WriteBufferSize Gets or sets the size of the serial port output buffer.

WriteTimeout Gets or sets the number of milliseconds before a time-out occurs when a write operation does not finish.
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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Methods

Close() Closes the port connection, sets the IsOpen property to false, and disposes of the internal Stream object.
Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate
CreateObjRef(Type)
with a remote object. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
DiscardInBuffer() Discards data from the serial driver's receive buffer.

DiscardOutBuffer() Discards data from the serial driver's transmit buffer.

Dispose() Releases all resources used by the Component. (Inherited from Component)

Dispose(Boolean) Releases the unmanaged resources used by the SerialPort and optionally releases the managed resources.

Equals(Object) Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object)

GetHashCode() Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object)

Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance. (Inherited
GetLifetimeService()
from MarshalByRefObject)
GetPortNames() Gets an array of serial port names for the current computer.
Returns an object that represents a service provided by the Component or by its Container. (Inherited
GetService(Type)
from Component)
GetType() Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object)
Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance. (Inherited from
InitializeLifetimeService()
MarshalByRefObject)
MemberwiseClone() Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object)
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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Methods

MemberwiseClone(Boolean) Creates a shallow copy of the current MarshalByRefObject object. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)

Open() Opens a new serial port connection.

Reads a number of bytes from the SerialPort input buffer and writes those bytes into a byte array at the
Read(Byte[], Int32, Int32)
specified offset.
Reads a number of characters from the SerialPort input buffer and writes them into an array of characters at
Read(Char[], Int32, Int32)
a given offset.
ReadByte() Synchronously reads one byte from the SerialPort input buffer.

ReadChar() Synchronously reads one character from the SerialPort input buffer.
Reads all immediately available bytes, based on the encoding, in both the stream and the input buffer of
ReadExisting()
the SerialPort object.
ReadLine() Reads up to the NewLine value in the input buffer.

ReadTo(String) Reads a string up to the specified value in the input buffer.

Returns a String containing the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden.
ToString()
(Inherited from Component)
Write(Byte[], Int32, Int32) Writes a specified number of bytes to the serial port using data from a buffer.

Write(Char[], Int32, Int32) Writes a specified number of characters to the serial port using data from a buffer.

Write(String) Writes the specified string to the serial port.

WriteLine(String) Writes the specified string and the NewLine value to the output buffer. 11
 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Events

DataReceived Indicates that data has been received through a port represented by
the SerialPort object.

Disposed Occurs when the component is disposed by a call to

the Dispose() method. (Inherited from Component)

ErrorReceived Indicates that an error has occurred with a port represented by

a SerialPort object.

PinChanged Indicates that a non-data signal event has occurred on the port
represented by the SerialPort object.

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Remarks

• Use this class to control a serial port file resource. This class provides
synchronous and event-driven I/O, access to pin and break states, and access
to serial driver properties. Additionally, the functionality of this class can be
wrapped in an internal Stream object, accessible through the BaseStream
property, and passed to classes that wrap or use streams.
• The SerialPort class supports the following encodings: ASCIIEncoding,
UTF8Encoding, UnicodeEncoding, UTF32Encoding, and any encoding defined
in mscorlib.dll where the code page is less than 50000 or the code page is
54936. You can use alternate encodings, but you must use the ReadByte or
Write method and perform the encoding yourself.

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control: Remarks

• You use the GetPortNames method to retrieve the valid ports for the current
computer.
• If a SerialPort object becomes blocked during a read operation, do not abort
the thread. Instead, either close the base stream or dispose of the SerialPort
object.

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Serial Port data over USB

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Serial Port data over USB

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control in C++/CLI

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control in C++/CLI

▪ Find Ports

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control in C++/CLI

▪ Initialize Port

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 2. Serial Port

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control in C++/CLI

▪ Close Port

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 3. Read Data

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control in C++/CLI

▪ Read Data

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 3. Read Data

❖ Example: Read data from Arduino

• Arduino code

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 4. Send Data

❖ Visual Studio Serial Port control in C++/CLI

❖ Send Data

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 4. Send Data

❖ Example: Turn led ON/OFF

• C++/CLI code

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 4. Send Data

❖ Example: Turn led ON/OFF

• C++/CLI code

// grab text and store in send // grab text and store in send
buffer buffer
String^ message = "ON"; String^ message = "OFF";
// write to serial // write to serial
if (this->serialPort1->IsOpen) if (this->serialPort1->IsOpen)
this->serialPort1- this->serialPort1-
>Write(message); >Write(message);
else else
this->textBoxSendData->Text = this->textBoxSendData->Text =
"Port Not Opened"; "Port Not Opened";

Turn led ON Turn led OFF

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 4. Send Data

❖ Example: Turn led ON/OFF

• Arduino code

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 4. Send Data

❖ Example: Turn led ON/OFF

• Arduino code

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 4. Send Data

❖ Example: Turn led ON/OFF

• Circuit Diagram

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Serial Data Received Event Handler

▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Serial Data Received Event Handler

▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code private: System::Void serialPort1_DataReceived(System::Object^ sender,
System::IO::Ports::SerialDataReceivedEventArgs^ e) {
// check if port is ready for reading
if (this->serialPort1->IsOpen) {
// Reset the text in the result label.
this->labelTemperature->Text = String::Empty;

// this will read manually

try {
this->labelTemperature->Text = this->serialPort1->ReadLine();
}
catch (TimeoutException^) {
this->labelTemperature->Text = "None";
}
// Disable the init button
// the asynchronous operation is done.
this->buttonInitialPort->Enabled = false;
}
else
// give error warning
this->textBoxReceivedData->Text = "Port Not Opened";
} 30
 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Serial Data Received Event Handler

▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• Arduino Coding

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Serial Data Received Event Handler

▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• Circuit Diagram

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Timer
▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Timer
▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Timer
▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Multithreading
▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Multithreading
▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code

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 5. Real-Time Data Transfer

❖ Multithreading
▪ Example: Read and Display Temperature
• C++/CLI Code

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