1)write a program to sort words in a file and put them in another file ,the

output file should have only lower-case words, so any upper-case words from
source must be lowered
Ans:

def sort_words_in_file(input_file, output_file):

try:

# Read words from the input file

with open(input_file, 'r') as infile:

words = infile.read().split()

# Convert words to lowercase and sort them

sorted_words = sorted(word.lower() for word in words)

# Write the sorted words to the output file

with open(output_file, 'w') as outfile:

for word in sorted_words:

outfile.write(word + '\n')

print(f'Sorted words have been written to {output_file}')

except FileNotFoundError:

print(f'The file {input_file} was not found.')

except Exception as e:

print(f'An error occurred: {e}')

# Example usage
input_file = 'source.txt' # Replace with your input file name

output_file = 'sorted_output.txt' # Replace with your desired output file name

sort_words_in_file(input_file, output_file)

# Opening a file for reading

with open('sorted_output.txt', 'r') as file:

content = file.read()

print(content)

output::

--------

source.txt

-----

Chintapaka

Dum

DuM

Sorted words have been written to sorted_output.txt

sorted_output.txt

------

chintapaka

dum #----->'D' converted into lower

dum #----->'D','M' converted into lower

2)

Ans:

# Open the file in write mode

f1 = open("output.txt", "w")

# Open the input file and get

# the content into a variable data

with open("file.txt", "r") as myfile:

data = myfile.read()

# For Full Reversing we will store the

# value of data into new variable data_1

# in a reverse order using [start: end: step],

# where step when passed -1 will reverse

# the string

data_1 = data[::-1]

# Now we will write the fully reverse

# data in the output1 file using

# following command

f1.write(data_1)

f1.close()

with open('output.txt', 'r') as file:

content = file.read()
 print(content)

input:

-----

file.txt:- srk srk srk

vijaya vijaya vijaya

output:

-----

output.txt:-ayajiv ayajiv ayajiv

krs krs krs

3) python program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in a

file
Ans:

# Function to count number of characters, words, spaces and lines in a file

def counter(fname):

# variable to store total word count

num_words = 0

# variable to store total line count

num_lines = 0

# variable to store total character count

num_charc = 0

# variable to store total space count

num_spaces = 0

# opening file using with() method

# so that file gets closed

# after completion of work

with open(fname, 'r') as f:

# loop to iterate file

# line by line

for line in f:

# incrementing value of num_lines with each

# iteration of loop to store total line count

num_lines += 1

# declaring a variable word and assigning its value as Y

# because every file is supposed to start with a word or a character

word = 'Y'

# loop to iterate every

# line letter by letter

for letter in line:

# condition to check that the encountered character

# is not white space and a word

if (letter != ' ' and word == 'Y'):

# incrementing the word

# count by 1

num_words += 1

# assigning value N to variable word because until

# space will not encounter a word can not be completed

word = 'N'

# condition to check that the encountered character is a white space

elif (letter == ' '):

# incrementing the space

# count by 1

num_spaces += 1

# assigning value Y to variable word because after

# white space a word is supposed to occur

word = 'Y'

# loop to iterate every character

for i in letter:

# condition to check white space

 if(i !=" " and i !="\n"):

# incrementing character

# count by 1

num_charc += 1

# printing total word count

print("Number of words in text file: ",

num_words)

# printing total line count

print("Number of lines in text file: ",

num_lines)

# printing total character count

print('Number of characters in text file: ',

num_charc)

# printing total space count

print('Number of spaces in text file: ',

num_spaces)

# Driver Code:

if __name__ == '__main__':

fname = 'File1.txt'
 try:

counter(fname)

except:

print('File not found')

output::

-------

Number of words in text file: 10

Number of lines in text file: 4

Number of characters in text file: 33

Number of spaces in text file: 6

4.write a python program to create ,display, append, insert and reverse the
order of the items in the array
class ArrayManager:

def __init__(self):

# Initialize an empty list to represent the array

self.array = []

def display(self):

# Display the current items in the array

print("Current array items:", self.array)

def append(self, item):

# Append an item to the end of the array

self.array.append(item)

print(f"Appended '{item}' to the array.")

 def insert(self, index, item):

# Insert an item at a specific index

if index < 0 or index > len(self.array):

print("Index out of bounds!")

return

self.array.insert(index, item)

print(f"Inserted '{item}' at index {index}.")

def reverse(self):

# Reverse the order of items in the array

self.array.reverse()

print("Reversed the array.")

def main():

manager = ArrayManager()

# Create the array

manager.append(1)

manager.append(2)

manager.append(3)

manager.display()

# Append new items

manager.append(4)

manager.append(5)

manager.display()

# Insert an item at index 1

manager.insert(1, 'a')

manager.display()
 # Reverse the array

manager.reverse()

manager.display()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

output:
Appended '1' to the array.

Appended '2' to the array.

Appended '3' to the array.

Current array items: [1, 2, 3]

Appended '4' to the array.

Appended '5' to the array.

Current array items: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Inserted 'a' at index 1.

Current array items: [1, 'a', 2, 3, 4, 5]

Reversed the array.

Current array items: [5, 4, 3, 2, 'a', 1]

5. Write a python program to create add, transpose and multiply two matrices
def create_matrix(rows, cols):

"""Create a matrix with user input."""

matrix = [] # Initialize an empty matrix

print(f"Enter the elements of the {rows}x{cols} matrix:")

for i in range(rows):

row = input(f"Row {i + 1}: ").split() # Prompt user for input and split it into a list
 # Convert input strings to integers

row = list(map(int, row))

# Ensure the row has the correct number of columns

while len(row) != cols:

print(f"Please enter exactly {cols} elements.")

row = input(f"Row {i + 1}: ").split()

row = list(map(int, row))

matrix.append(row) # Add the validated row to the matrix

return matrix

def add_matrices(A, B):

"""Add two matrices."""

if len(A) != len(B) or len(A[0]) != len(B[0]):

raise ValueError("Matrices must have the same dimensions for addition.")

result = [] # Initialize an empty result matrix

# Perform element-wise addition

for i in range(len(A)):

result_row = [] # Initialize an empty row for the result

 for j in range(len(A[0])):

result_row.append(A[i][j] + B[i][j]) # Add corresponding elements

result.append(result_row) # Add the row to the result matrix

return result

def transpose_matrix(matrix):

"""Transpose a matrix."""

transposed = [] # Initialize an empty matrix for the transposed result

# Create the transposed matrix

for i in range(len(matrix[0])): # Iterate over columns of the original matrix

transposed_row = [] # Initialize an empty row for the transposed matrix

for j in range(len(matrix)): # Iterate over rows of the original matrix

transposed_row.append(matrix[j][i]) # Append the element to the transposed row

transposed.append(transposed_row) # Add the transposed row to the transposed

matrix

return transposed

def multiply_matrices(A, B):

"""Multiply two matrices."""

if len(A[0]) != len(B):
 raise ValueError("Number of columns in A must be equal to number of rows in B.")

result = [] # Initialize an empty result matrix

# Perform matrix multiplication

for i in range(len(A)):

result_row = [] # Initialize an empty row for the result

for j in range(len(B[0])):

sum_product = 0 # Initialize sum for the dot product

for k in range(len(B)): # Iterate through the columns of B

sum_product += A[i][k] * B[k][j] # Compute the dot product

result_row.append(sum_product) # Append the sum to the result row

result.append(result_row) # Add the result row to the result matrix

return result

def print_matrix(matrix):

"""Print a matrix."""

for row in matrix:

print(" ".join(map(str, row))) # Join elements in the row and print

def main():

# Create Matrix A
rows_A = int(input("Enter number of rows for Matrix A: "))

cols_A = int(input("Enter number of columns for Matrix A: "))

A = create_matrix(rows_A, cols_A)

# Create Matrix B

rows_B = int(input("Enter number of rows for Matrix B: "))

cols_B = int(input("Enter number of columns for Matrix B: "))

B = create_matrix(rows_B, cols_B)

# Print matrices

print("\nMatrix A:")

print_matrix(A)

print("\nMatrix B:")

print_matrix(B)

# Addition

if rows_A == rows_B and cols_A == cols_B:

sum_matrix = add_matrices(A, B)

print("\nA + B:")

print_matrix(sum_matrix)

else:

print("\nMatrices cannot be added due to dimension mismatch.")

# Transpose

transposed_A = transpose_matrix(A)
 transposed_B = transpose_matrix(B)

print("\nTranspose of A:")

print_matrix(transposed_A)

print("\nTranspose of B:")

print_matrix(transposed_B)

# Multiplication

if cols_A == rows_B:

product_matrix = multiply_matrices(A, B)

print("\nA * B:")

print_matrix(product_matrix)

else:

print("\nMatrices cannot be multiplied due to dimension mismatch.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

output:
Enter number of rows for Matrix A: 3

Enter number of columns for Matrix A: 3

Enter the elements of the 3x3 matrix:

Row 1: 1 2 3

Row 2: 4 5 6

Row 3: 7 8 9

Enter number of rows for Matrix B: 3

Enter number of columns for Matrix B: 3

Enter the elements of the 3x3 matrix:

Row 1: 1 2 3

Row 2: 4 5 6

Row 3: 7 8 9

Matrix A:

123

456

789

Matrix B:

123

456

789

A + B:

246

8 10 12

14 16 18

Transpose of A:

147

258

369
Transpose of B:

147

258

369

A * B:

30 36 42

66 81 96

102 126 150