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    Broad and Narrow Transcription

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    rody.rodina36

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Broad and Narrow Transcription

    Uploaded by

    rody.rodina36
    46 views2 pages

    Original Title

    broad and narrow transcription

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    46 views2 pages

    Broad and Narrow Transcription

    Uploaded by

    rody.rodina36

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Transcribing phones

    When we describe phones, we use narrow transcription (to include


    as many aspects of a specific pronunciation as possible) and place the
    letters and symbols between two square brackets ( [ ] ). Phonetic
    (narrow) transcriptions give us lots of information about how to
    physically produce sounds.
    For example, the word 'port' has an audible exhalation of air after the
    letter 'p'. This is shown in the phonetic transcription with a [ʰ] and the
    word port in phonetic transcript would look like this [pʰɔˑt].
    Let's take a look at some more examples of phonetic transcription.
     Head - [ˈhɛd]
     Shoulders- [ˈʃəʊldəz]
     Knees - [ˈniːz]
     And - [ˈənd]
     Toes - [ˈtəʊz]
    Transcribing phonemes
    When describing phonemes, we use broad transcription (only
    mentioning the most notable and necessary sounds) and place the
    letters and symbols between two slashes ( / / ). For example, the
    English word apple would look like this /æpəl/.
    Here are some further examples of phonemic transcriptions
     Head - / hɛd /
     Shoulders - / ˈʃəʊldəz /
     Knees - / niːz /
     And - / ənd /
     Toes - / təʊz /
    As you can see, both transcriptions are very similar, as they follow the
    IPA. However, look closely, and you will see some diacritics in the
    phonetic transcriptions that do not appear in the phonemic
    transcriptions. These diacritics provide a few more details about
    how to pronounce the actual sounds.
    What is Allophone?
    An allophone is the different ways you can say a word or basically
    another way to pronounce a phoneme. For example, [pʰ] as in pin
    and [p] as in spin are allophones for the phoneme /p/ because they
    cannot distinguish words (in fact, they occur in complementary
    distribution that is, a given allophone of one phoneme appears in one
    predictable environment, but the other allophones of that phoneme
    never appear in that environment.For example, [pʰ] as in pin usually
    occurs at the beginning of a word, but in never appears at the end and
    [p] as in spin never occurs at the beginning but may appear in the
    middle or end of a word. English-speakers treat them as the same
    sound, but they are different: the first is aspirated and the second is
    unaspirated (plain).This variation can also be seen in the various
    ways different speakers of the English language pronounce ‘water.’
    An American English speaker will pronounce water with a “d” instead
    of “t” like other English speakers. These different ways in which a
    word can be pronounced are then called an Allophone.
    a phoneme is a speech sound in a given language that, if swapped
    with another phoneme, could change one word to another. For
    example, the word “that” contains three phonemes the “th” represents
    one phoneme /th/, the “a” maps to the short “a” sound /ă/, and the “t”
    to its basic sound /t/. Phonemes also can be discussed only in
    reference to specific languages. For example, the English words kid
    and kit end with two distinct phonemes, /d/ and /t/, and swapping one
    for the other would change one word into a different word
    The differences between allophones and phonemes.
    A phoneme is a set of allophones or individual non-contrastive speech
    segments. Allophones are sounds, whilst a phoneme is a set of such
    sounds. Allophones are usually relatively similar sounds which are in
    mutually exclusive or complementary distribution. Allophones are
    different ways to pronounce the same phoneme while keeping the
    same meaning. Allophones are phonetic variations - different
    pronunciations - of the same phoneme. Using a different allophone
    does not change meaning. The /l/ sound is pronounced differently in
    'love' and in 'wool'.

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