EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

Lab 08
Band Pass & Stop Filters
Name: Student ID:

8.1. Objective
To design passive band pass & stop Filters and verify with an appropriate simulation.

8.2. Introduction
A filter is a device that changes the amplitude (height) of an AC voltage (a voltage in the form of a
sine wave) as the frequency of the input voltage changes.

8.3. Band Pass Filter

By connecting or “cascading” together a single Low Pass Filter circuit with a High Pass Filter circuit,
we can produce another type of passive RC filter that passes a selected range or “band” of frequencies
that can be either narrow or wide while attenuating all those outside of this range. This new type of
passive filter arrangement produces a frequency selective filter known commonly as a Band Pass
Filter.

Figure 8. 1 – Circuit Schematic of Band Pass Filter

The first half of the circuit is a High-Pass filter which filters the low frequencies and allows only the
frequency that is higher than the set high cut-off frequency. The value of this high cut-off frequency
can be calculated using the formulae:
1
f H=
2 πR 1 C 1

The second half of the circuit is the Low-Pass filter circuit which filters the higher frequencies and
allows only the frequency that is lower than the set low cut-off frequency. The value of low cut-off
frequency can be calculated using the formulae:
1
f L=
2 πR 2 C 2

This type of filter circuit is called as 2nd order filter because it has two resistors and two capacitors. A
band pass filter could be a 2nd order filter or of higher order since a minimum of two resistor and
capacitor is needed for proper functioning of the circuit. Now, when an input signal frequency is
supplied to this filter it outputs a frequency which is higher than fc LOW and lower than fcHIGH. In other

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

words, the output frequency can be given by f H- fL, the frequency that lies in between this region is
called as bandwidth. Hence the Bandwidth of the filter can be calculated by:

Bandwidth=f H −f L

Frequency Response of Band Pass Filter

The graph is plotted against the input frequency in the X-axis and the output in decibels in the Y-axis.
When the input frequency is less than the lower cut-off frequency (f L) the output remains less than -
3dB and when it exceeds that frequency, the output reaches the maximum and stays there until the
frequency exceeds the higher cut-off frequency (f H). The peak at which the output gain stays
maximum is called as the resonant frequency. It is simply the geometric mean of the upper higher cut-
off frequency and the lower cut-off frequency. The formulae to calculate the same is given below:

Center Frequency ( f center )=√ f L∗f H

Figure 8. 2 – Frequency Response of Band Pass Filter

Task 1: To design passive Band Pass Filter and verify with appropriate
simulation.

Figure 8. 3– Circuit Diagram of Passive Band Pass Filter

1. Design a band pass filter that will only allow a range of frequencies to pass above 1kHz
(1,000Hz) and below 30kHz (30,000Hz). Assuming that both the resistors have values of 10kΩ,
calculate the values of the two capacitors required. Provide the calculations in box below:

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

2. Simulate the circuit given in figure 8.3 on Pspice using above calculated values.
3. Test the circuit by giving Input signal of V in=3.5V at 100 Hz, 15kHz and 70kHz in transient
analysis. Observe and record the output voltages across C2 on below mentioned frequencies.
Output Voltages:
F=100Hz
F=5kHz
F=15kHz
F=100kHz

4. Also provide your analysis on these values.

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

5. Perform AC sweep analysis with logarithmic scale for a suitable frequency range measuring
output voltage across C2.
Pspice Simulated Model & Graph:

6. Plot the phase response and magnitude response of the filter and label the cutoff frequency on the
plot. Also, mention the Cutoff frequency & BW as well. Attach both plots in box below.

Magnitude & Phase Plot:

8.4. Band Stop Filter

The Band Stop Filter is another type of frequency selective circuit that functions in exactly the
opposite way to the Band Pass Filter we looked at before. The band stop filter, also known as a band
reject filter, passes all frequencies with the exception of those within a specified stop band which are
greatly attenuated. Band stop filters are created by combining together the low pass and high pass
filter sections in a “parallel” type configuration as shown.Also, just like the band pass filter, the band
stop (band reject or notch) filter is a second-order (two-pole) filter having two cut-off frequencies,

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

commonly known as the -3dB or half-power points producing a wide stop band bandwidth between
these two -3dB points.
Frequency Response of Band Pass Filter
We can see from the amplitude and phase curves above for the band pass circuit, that the quantities ƒ L,
ƒH and ƒcenter are the same as those used to describe the behavior of the band-pass filter. This is because
the band stop filter is simply an inverted or complimented form of the standard band-pass filter. In
fact, the definitions used for bandwidth, pass band, stop band and center frequency are the same as
before, and we can use the same formulas to calculate bandwidth and resonant frequency.

Figure 8. 4 – Frequency Response of Band Stop Filter

Task 2: To design passive Band Stop Filter and verify with appropriate
simulation.
1. Simulate circuit given in figure 8.5. using Vin=3.5V sinewave R1=20kΩ, R2=1kΩ, C1=C2=10nF

Figure 8. 5 – Circuit Diagram for Band Stop Filter

2. Using Pspice perform transient analysis to fill table 8.1. Also, do sweep analysis with logarithmic
scale for a suitable frequency range measuring output voltage across R2 & C2.

frequency(Hz) 100 200 400 800 1000 2000 3k 5k 10k 20k 50k 70k 100k

Vin Max
(V )

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

Vout Max
(V )

Vout Max
T=
Vin Max

g ( f )=20 log (T )

Table 8. 1 Data table for Band Stop Filter

3. Plot the magnitude response of the filter and label the cutoff frequency on the plot. Also, mention
the Cutoff frequency & BW as well. Attach plots in box below.

Magnitude Plot:

Post-Lab
Task 1
Q.1 Find the output voltage magnitude at fC and the bandwidth in Figure 8.6.

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

Figure 8.6 - Schematic

Task 2:
What is the center frequency fC of the filter in Figure 8.7? Assume Rw = 0, Also Determine f C in
Figure if C is changed to 1000 pF.

Figure 8.7 Schematic

Attach all the Calculations, Simulation model, Graphs and Results with the report.

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

Assessment Rubric
Lab 08
Passive Band Pass and Stop Filter
Name: Student ID:

Points Distribution

LR 2 LR 4 LR5 LR 6
Task No. Simulation Data Collection Results/Plots Calculation

Task 1 /5 /5 /15 /10

Task 2 /5 /10 /10 -
Task 3 - - /5 /10
Task 4 - - /5 /10
Total /10 /15 /35 /30
CLO Mapped CLO 2 CLO 2 CLO 2 CLO 2

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 EE-212 Electric Network Analysis Lab Lab-08

Affective Domain Rubric Points CLO

Mapped
AR 7 Report Submission /10 CLO 4

CLO Total Points Points Obtained

2 90
4 10
Total 100

For description of different levels of the mapped rubrics, please refer the provided Lab Evaluation
Assessment Rubrics and Affective Domain Assessment Rubrics.