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Development Class 10 Notes

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66 views

Development Class 10 Notes

Uploaded by

muhammedshaihan59
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Development

1. What is Development?

Definition: Development is a broad concept involving economic growth, improvement in quality of life,
social progress, and sustainable management of resources.

Developmental Goals: Different people have different developmental goals based on their needs and
circumstances.

For example, a landless laborer might prioritize job security, while an industrialist may seek increased
profits.

Common Developmental Goals: Some goals are common, like better health, education, and economic
stability, but priorities vary among individuals and communities.

2. Income and Other Goals

Income as an Indicator: Income is one way to measure development, but it isn’t the only one. Higher
income often leads to better living standards.

Non-Material Goals: People also value other aspects of development, such as security, equality, respect,
freedom, and environmental quality.

Quality of Life: Development should enhance the quality of life, which includes both material (income,
wealth) and non-material (health, education) factors.

3. National Development

National Development Goals: Goals for a nation often include economic growth, reducing poverty,
improving health and education, and ensuring social equity.

Conflicts in National Development Goals: Different groups within a country may have conflicting
interests. For instance, industrial development may sometimes clash with environmental preservation.

Indicators of National Development:

Per Capita Income: Average income per person. Higher per capita income is often seen as an indicator of
better development.

However, per capita income alone is insufficient, as it doesn’t account for income distribution, health, or
education quality.

4. Comparing Countries and States

Income as a Comparison Tool: The World Bank classifies countries based on per capita income:

High-income countries, middle-income countries, and low-income countries.

Limitations of Per Capita Income:

Income distribution: Even if a country has high per capita income, wealth might be concentrated among
a few.

Quality of life indicators: Health, education, and living standards vary independently of income levels.

5. Human Development Index (HDI)

Definition: The HDI, developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is a
comprehensive measure of development.

Components of HDI:

Life Expectancy: Indicator of healthcare and overall living conditions.

Education Levels: Literacy rate and average years of schooling, showing the quality of education.

Per Capita Income: Reflects the standard of living.

Importance

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