Unit 1-Tenses Review

REVIEW OF TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE
 To refer to habitual actions (actions that you always or never do)
USE  To refer to unchanging truths
 To refer to general statements of fact
 To express feelings, likes and dislikes
Frequency adverbs (always, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never…)

KEY WORDS Time expressions (once a …, on …, every …)
Stative verbs: senses (see, hear, smell, feel…)
likes and dislikes (love, have, want, wish…)
opinion ( believe, know, understand, agree…)
rd
(+) 3 person V + s / es / ies (spelling rules!)
FORM You study / He studies
(-) DON’T or DOESN’T + V

You don’t study / He doesn’t study
(?) (Wh-) + DO / DOES + subj. + V + (compl.)?

Where does she live?
Does she live in NY?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 To refer to actions happening at this moment
USE  To refer to actions happening in a period around the present
moment in time
 To refer to immediate future plans
 To express repeated annoying actions
Time expressions: at the moment, now, today, this week, this month,
KEY WORDS tomorrow, next week…
(+) BE (am / are / is) + V-ing

FORM They are running
(-) BE NOT (am not / aren’t / isn’t) + V-ing
You aren’t paying attention
(?) (Wh-) + BE (am / are / is) + subj. + V-ing + (compl.)?

What are you doing?
Is she going to the trip?
PAST SIMPLE
 To refer to finished action or states in the past
USE  To describe things in the past
 To refer to an action in the past interrupted by another action
yesterday when…
KEY WORDS then last…
… ago in…
nd
(+) irregular: (2 column list of irregular verbs)
FORM regular: V + ed
He went to the library / He studied for his exams
(-) DIDN’T + V (base form)

You didn’t work well / You didn’t arrive on time
(?) (Wh-) + DID + subj. + V (base form) + (compl.)?

When did he leave school?
Did he phone send you the invitation?
PAST CONTINUOUS
 To refer to an action going on at a certain time in the past
USE  To refer to actions taking place at the same time
 To refer to an action in the past interrupted by another action
Last…
KEY WORDS At…
While…
As…
As long as…
(+) BE (was / were) + V-ing
FORM I was waiting at home / They were sleeping
(-) BE NOT (wasn’t / weren’t) + V-ing
You weren’t listening to me
(?) (Wh-) + BE (was / were) + subj. + V-ing + (compl.)?

Why were you crying?
Was he working at night?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
 To refer to an action that started in the past and is still going on
USE  To refer to an action that stopped recently
 To refer to a finished action that has an influence on the present
 To refer to finished actions (we don’t know when they finished)
never (+) for Beginning: How long…
KEY WORDS ever (?) since Middle: never, ever, just, already
how long (?) recently End: yet, recently, lately, so far
just (+ /?) lately
already (+ /?) so far
For + quantity of time (for 2 years)
yet (- /?)
Since + starting point (since 2016)
rd
(+) HAVE / HAS + V (past participle: 3 column or V+ed)
FORM They have arrived
rd
(-) HAVEN’T / HASN’T + V (past participle: 3 column or V+ed)
She hasn’t found the book
(?) (Wh-) + HAVE / HAS + subj. + V (pp) + (compl.)?
What has she found out?
Have they ever been abroad?
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
 To refer to an action that started in the past and is still going on
USE  To refer to a finished action that has an influence on the present
 To put emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
for (+/-/?)
KEY WORDS since (+/-/?)
how long (?)
already (+ /?)
all…
the whole…
(+) HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V-ing
FORM They have been waiting
(-) HAVEN’T / HASN’T + BEEN + V-ing
She hasn’t been studying
(?) (Wh-) + HAVE / HAS + subj. + BEEN + V-ing + (compl.)?
Where has he been staying?
Have you been crying?
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
 To refer to an action taking place before another action in the past
USE
never for until
KEY WORDS ever since when
how long before
just after
already as soon as
yet by the time
rd
(+) HAD + V (past participle: 3 column or V+ed)
FORM She had come
rd
(-) HADN’T + V (past participle: 3 column or V+ed)
He hadn’t finished
(?) (Wh-) + HAD + subj. + V (pp) + (compl.)?
What had she heard?
Had they found the keys?
FUTURE SIMPLE
 To refer to future actions in general
USE  To make predictions
 To refer to spontaneous decisions
 To make promises
in a year probably
KEY WORDS next… perhaps
tomorrow later
I think… soon
(+) WILL + V (base form)

FORM I will phone you
(-) WON’T + V (base form)
They won’t come by car
(?) (Wh-) + WILL + subj. + V (base form) + (compl.)?
What will you do?
Will they find it?
BE GOING TO
 To refer to future plans and intentions
USE  To make predictions based on evidence we have now
in a year at…
KEY WORDS next… this…
tomorrow later
soon
(+) BE (am / are / is) + GOING TO + V (base form)

FORM It is going to rain
(-) BE NOT (am not / aren’t / isn’t) + GOING TO + V (base form)
He isn’t going to come
(?) (Wh-) + BE (am / are / is) + subj. + GOING TO + V (base form)+ (compl.)?
Who is she going to visit ?
Are you going to invite him?

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REVIEW OF TENSES

Frequency adverbs (always, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never…)

(-) DON’T or DOESN’T + V

(?) (Wh-) + DO / DOES + subj. + V + (compl.)?

(+) BE (am / are / is) + V-ing

(?) (Wh-) + BE (am / are / is) + subj. + V-ing + (compl.)?

(-) DIDN’T + V (base form)

(?) (Wh-) + DID + subj. + V (base form) + (compl.)?

(?) (Wh-) + BE (was / were) + subj. + V-ing + (compl.)?

(+) WILL + V (base form)

(+) BE (am / are / is) + GOING TO + V (base form)

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