Verbal tenses

Review
Tenses

1. PAST

2. PRESENT

3. FUTURE
1. SIMPLE

2. CONTINUOUS

3. PERFECT

4. PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK
Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW
Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW RECENT PAST ACTION
WITH A CONNECTION
TO THE PRESENT
Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW RECENT PAST ACTION RECENT PAST EMPHASIZING
WITH A CONNECTION THE DURATION
TO THE PRESENT
 Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW RECENT PAST ACTION RECENT PAST EMPHASIZING
WITH A CONNECTION THE DURATION
TO THE PRESENT

+
-
?
 Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW RECENT PAST ACTION RECENT PAST EMPHASIZING
WITH A CONNECTION THE DURATION
TO THE PRESENT

+ Subj + TO BE +
Verb(gerund) + Obj

- Subj + TO BE NOT +
Verb(gerund) + Obj

? TO BE + Subj +
Verb(gerund) + Obj?
 Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW RECENT PAST ACTION RECENT PAST EMPHASIZING
WITH A CONNECTION THE DURATION
TO THE PRESENT

+ S+V+O S + TO BE + V(gerund) + O S + HAVE/HAS + V(participle) + O S + HAVE/HAS BEEN + V(gerund) + O

- S + DO/DOES NOT + V(base

form) + O
S + TO BE NOT + V(gerund) + O S + HAVE/HAS Not +
V(participle) + O
S + HAVE/HAS NOT BEEN +
V(gerund) + O

? DO/DOES + S + V (base
form) + O?
TO BE + S + V(gerund) + O?
HAVE/HAS + S +
V(participle) + O?
HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + V(gerund) + O?
 Present

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous
ROUTINE TALK ONGOING SITUATION NOW RECENT PAST ACTION RECENT PAST EMPHASIZING
WITH A CONNECTION THE DURATION
TO THE PRESENT

+ S+V+O
He plays football
S + TO BE + V(gerund) + O
You are learning English
S + HAVE/HAS + V(participle) + O
You have lost your keys
S + HAVE/HAS BEEN + V(gerund) + O
They have been waiting long

-
S + DO/DOES NOT + V(base S + TO BE NOT + V(gerund) + O S + HAVE/HAS Not + S + HAVE/HAS NOT BEEN +
form) + O You aren’t learning English V(participle) + O V(gerund) + O
He doesn’t play football You haven’t lost your keys They haven’t been waiting long

? DO/DOES + S + V (base
form) + O?
TO BE + S + V(gerund) + O?
Are you learning English?
HAVE/HAS + S +
V(participle) + O?
HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + V(gerund) + O?
Have they been waiting long?
Does he play football? Have you lost your keys?
 Past

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION SITUATION IN PROGRESS AT NARRATIVE ABOUT A
Continuous
LONG PAST EVENT,
COMPLETED IN THE A POINT IN THE PAST PAST EVENT RELATED
PAST TO ANOTHER PAST EMPHASIZING THE
MOMENT DURATION

+ S + V (past) + O

- S + DID NOT + V (base

form) + O

? DID + S + V (base form) + O?

 Past

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION SITUATION IN PROGRESS AT NARRATIVE ABOUT A
Continuous
LONG PAST EVENT,
COMPLETED IN THE A POINT IN THE PAST PAST EVENT RELATED
PAST TO ANOTHER PAST EMPHASIZING THE
MOMENT DURATION

+ S + V (past) + O S + WAS/WERE + V(gerund) + O

- S + DID NOT + V (base

form) + O
S + WAS/WERE NOT +
V(gerund) + O

? DID + S + V (base form) + O? WAS/WERE + S + V(gerund) + O?

 Past

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION SITUATION IN PROGRESS AT NARRATIVE ABOUT A
Continuous
LONG PAST EVENT,
COMPLETED IN THE A POINT IN THE PAST PAST EVENT RELATED
PAST TO ANOTHER PAST EMPHASIZING THE
MOMENT DURATION

+ S + V (past) + O S + WAS/WERE + V(gerund) + O S + HAD + V(participle) + O

- S + DID NOT + V (base

form) + O
S + WAS/WERE NOT +
V(gerund) + O
S + HAD NOT + V(participle) + O

? DID + S + V (base form) + O? WAS/WERE + S + V(gerund) + O? HAD + S + V(participle) + O?

 Past

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION SITUATION IN PROGRESS AT NARRATIVE ABOUT A
Continuous
LONG PAST EVENT,
COMPLETED IN THE A POINT IN THE PAST PAST EVENT RELATED
PAST TO ANOTHER PAST EMPHASIZING THE
MOMENT DURATION

+ S + V (past) + O S + WAS/WERE + V(gerund) + O S + HAD + V(participle) + O S + HAD BEEN + V(gerund) + O

- S + DID NOT + V (base

form) + O
S + WAS/WERE NOT +
V(gerund) + O
S + HAD NOT + V(participle) + O S + HAD NOT BEEN + V(gerund) + O

? DID + S + V (base form) + O? WAS/WERE + S + V(gerund) + O? HAD + S + V(participle) + O? HAD + S + BEEN + V(gerund) + O?
 Past

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION SITUATION IN PROGRESS AT NARRATIVE ABOUT A
Continuous
LONG PAST EVENT,
COMPLETED IN THE A POINT IN THE PAST PAST EVENT RELATED
PAST TO ANOTHER PAST EMPHASIZING THE
MOMENT DURATION

+ S + V (past) + O
She went to the cinema
S + WAS/WERE + V(gerund) + O
You were walking to school
S + HAD + V(participle) + O
She had bought the tickets before
S + HAD BEEN + V(gerund) + O
You had been traveling for years
yesterday going to Leeds when I found you

-
S + DID NOT + V (base S + WAS/WERE NOT + S + HAD NOT + V(participle) + O S + HAD NOT BEEN + V(gerund) + O
form) + O V(gerund) + O She hadn’t bought the tickets You hadn’t been traveling for years
She didn’t go to the You weren’t walking to school before going to Leeds when I found you
cinema yesterday

? DID + S + V (base form) + O?

Did she go to the cinema
WAS/WERE + S + V(gerund) + O?
Were you walking to school?
HAD + S + V(participle) + O?
Had she bought the tickets
HAD + S + BEEN + V(gerund) + O?
Had you been traveling for years when I
yesterday? before going to Leeds? found you?
 Future

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION YOU JUST SITUATION IN PROGRESS IN SITUATION THAT WILL
Continuous
SITUATION THAT WILL HAVE
DECIDED TO DO THE FUTURE BE COMPLETED IN THE BEEN HAPPENING FOR A
FUTURE PERIOD OF TIME IN THE
FUTURE

+ S + WILL + V(base form) + O

- S + WILL NOT + V(base

form) + O

? WILL + S + V(base form) + O?

 Future

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION YOU JUST SITUATION IN PROGRESS IN SITUATION THAT WILL
Continuous
SITUATION THAT WILL HAVE
DECIDED TO DO THE FUTURE BE COMPLETED IN THE BEEN HAPPENING FOR A
FUTURE PERIOD OF TIME IN THE
FUTURE

+ S + WILL + V(base form) + O S + WILL BE + V(gerund) + O

- S + WILL NOT + V(base

form) + O
S + WILL NOT BE + V(gerund) + O

? WILL + S + V(base form) + O? WILL + S + BE + V(gerund) + O?

 Future

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION YOU JUST SITUATION IN PROGRESS IN SITUATION THAT WILL
Continuous
SITUATION THAT WILL HAVE
DECIDED TO DO THE FUTURE BE COMPLETED IN THE BEEN HAPPENING FOR A
FUTURE PERIOD OF TIME IN THE
FUTURE

+ S + WILL + V(base form) + O S + WILL BE + V(gerund) + O S + WILL HAVE + V(participle) + O

- S + WILL NOT + V(base

form) + O
S + WILL NOT BE + V(gerund) + O S + WILL NOT HAVE +
V(participle) + O

? WILL + S + V(base form) + O? WILL + S + BE + V(gerund) + O? WILL + S + HAVE +

V(participle) + O?
 Future

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION YOU JUST SITUATION IN PROGRESS IN SITUATION THAT WILL
Continuous
SITUATION THAT WILL HAVE
DECIDED TO DO THE FUTURE BE COMPLETED IN THE BEEN HAPPENING FOR A
FUTURE PERIOD OF TIME IN THE
FUTURE

+ S + WILL + V(base form) + O S + WILL BE + V(gerund) + O S + WILL HAVE + V(participle) + O S + WILL HAVE BEEN + V(gerund) + O

- S + WILL NOT + V(base

form) + O
S + WILL NOT BE + V(gerund) + O S + WILL NOT HAVE +
V(participle) + O
S + WILL NOT HAVE BEEN +
V(gerund) + O

? WILL + S + V(base form) + O? WILL + S + BE + V(gerund) + O? WILL + S + HAVE +

V(participle) + O?
WILL + S + HAVE BEEN + V(gerund) + O?
 Future

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect

SITUATION YOU JUST SITUATION IN PROGRESS IN SITUATION THAT WILL
Continuous
SITUATION THAT WILL HAVE
DECIDED TO DO THE FUTURE BE COMPLETED IN THE BEEN HAPPENING FOR A
FUTURE PERIOD OF TIME IN THE
FUTURE

+ S + WILL + V(base form) + O

I will go to buy some pills
S + WILL BE + V(gerund) + O
He will be swimming in the sea
S + WILL HAVE + V(participle) + O
She will have finished her degree
S + WILL HAVE BEEN + V(gerund) + O
You will have been studying for 10
tomorrow next year years

-
S + WILL NOT + V(base S + WILL NOT BE + V(gerund) + O S + WILL NOT HAVE + S + WILL NOT HAVE BEEN +
form) + O He won’t be swimming in the sea V(participle) + O V(gerund) + O
I won’t go to buy some pills tomorrow She won’t have finished her You won’t have been studying for
degree next year 10 years

? WILL + S + V(base form) + O? WILL + S + BE + V(gerund) + O? WILL + S + HAVE + V(participle) + O? WILL + S + HAVE BEEN + V(gerund) + O?
Will you go to buy some pills? Will he be swimming in the sea Will she have finished her degree Will you have been studying for 10 years?
tomorrow? next year?