SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 3

Political Science (028)

Class XII (2024-25)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:
1. The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions
in total.
2. All questions are compulsory.
3. Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
4. Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should
not exceed 50-60 words each.
5. Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should
not exceed 100-120 words each. There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks
questions
6. Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer
accordingly.
7. Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should
not exceed 170-180 words.
8. There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
SECTION – A (12 MARKS)
1. Arrange the following in chronological order- [1]
i. Appointment of U Thant as a UN secretary general
ii. Appointment of Dag Hammarskjöld as a UN secretary general
iii. Appointment of Kurt Waldheim as a UN secretary general
iv. Appointment of Trygve Lie as a UN secretary general

a) iv, ii, i, iii b) iii, ii, iv, i

c) iii, iv, i, ii d) ii, i, iv, iii

2. Which one of the following statements about the Second Five Year Plan is not [1]
correct?

a) Its time period was 1956 - 61. b) It stressed on the development

of heavy industries.
 c) It wanted to bring about quick d) It was drafted by some leading
structural transformation. industrialists.

3. The first three Lok Sabha elections of 1952, 1957, and 1962 were dominated by the [1]
Congress Party under the leadership of:

a) Indira Gandhi b) Shyama Prasad Mukherjee

c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Jawaharlal Nehru

4. Which one of the following is not the objective of NITI Aayog? [1]

a) To provide strategic input to the b) To put an end to the tardy

development process of India. implementation of the policies.

c) To arrange funds for the d) To serve as a Think Tank of the

developmental programmes. Union government.

5. Match List I with List II regarding globalization. [1]

List-1 List-2
(a) IMF (i) Ensure social and economics justice to labours
(b) WTO (ii) Public health agency
(c) WHO (iii) Financial agency
(d) ILO (iv) Governs trade between governments

a) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii) b) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

c) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i) d) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)

6. Assertion (A): The partition of the country proved everyone’s worst tears. There [1]
were serious questions about the future of India.
Reason (R): British government decided to give independence to India.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

7. Who was the defence minister at the time of Indo china war 1962? [1]
 a) Manohar Parrikar b) Jagjivan Ram

c) Yashwantro Chavan d) V. Krishna Menon

8. Who among the following leaders was the first non-Congress Prime Minister of [1]
India?

a) Morarji Desai b) P.V. Narasimha Rao

c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee d) V.P. Singh

9. Which country's nuclear policy is No First Use? [1]

a) Israel b) Russia

c) China d) India

10. Assertion (A): Many western European countries joined NATO. [1]
Reason (R): It was a military alliance formed by the USA.

a) Both A and R are true and R is b) Both A and R are true but R is
the correct explanation of A. not the correct explanation of
A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

11. A.Z. Phizo led a movement in which one of the following States? [1]

a) Nagaland b) Mizoram

c) Manipur d) Sikkim

12. In East Pakistan, the popular struggle against West Pakistan domination was led by [1]

a) Sheikh Mujib Ali Rahman b) Sheikh Mujib Mohammed

c) General Yahya Khan d) Sheikh Mujib Ur Rahman

SECTION- B (12 MARKS)

13. What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional security? Which [2]
category would the creation and sustenance of alliances belong to?

14. Analyse the impact of political rise of Other Backward Classes in India. [2]
15. Why were developing countries exempted from the requirements of the Kyoto [2]
Protocol?

16. Describe how the opposition unity and the Congress split posed a challenge to [2]
Congress dominance.

17. What was Afro-Asian Unity? [2]

18. When were the first general elections expected in India? Why was it delayed? [2]

SECTION-C (20 MARKS)

19. Write a short note on the traditional notion of internal security. [4]

20. Evaluate the proposed criteria for new permanent members of Security Council. [4]

21. Explain the concept of ‘common property resource’ with the help of an example [4]
from India.

OR
Explain Agenda 21 and Sustainable development as discussed at the Rio Summit.

22. Highlight any two political consequences of globalisation. [4]

OR
Explain economic consequences of globalisation.

23. What lessons can we draw from the feeling of alienation in some parts of India? [4]

SECTION-D (12 MARKS)

24. 1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Study the cartoon given below (about SAARC) carefully:

i. The cartoon depicts the SAARC Summit. When did the participant leaders
sign the SAARC Charter at its first summit?
a) In October 1990
b) In December 1988
 c) In October 1981
d) In December 1985
ii. The position of India and Pakistan in the cartoon shows the ________
between the two which has impeded the process of regional cooperation in
South Asia.
a) religious animosity
b) disagreement and differences
c) mutual cooperation
d) solidarity
iii. SAARC was not much successful in improving relations among its member
states due to persistent ________.
a) peace and cooperation
b) political differences
c) democratic differences
d) mutual negotiations
iv. In January 2004 SAFTA was signed at the 12th SAARC Summit in ________.
a) Dhaka
b) Islamabad
c) New Delhi
d) Kathmandu

25. In the given political outline map of India (on page 7), four States have been [4]
marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify these States on the basis of the
information given below and write their correct names in your answer-book along
with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned
alphabets given in the map as per the following format:
Name of
Serial number of the information Concerned alphabet in the
the
used map
State
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
i. The State to which B.P. Mandal, the Chairman of Mandal Commission,
belonged.
 ii. The State where Somnath Temple is situated.
iii. The State which was most concerned about the ethnic problems in Sri Lanka.
iv. The State where Bahujan Samaj Party formed the government.

26. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
(1+1+2)
Our leaders felt that carving out states on the basis of language might lead to
disruption and disintegration. It was also felt that this would draw attention away
from other social and economic challenges that the country faced. Protests began in
the Telugu speaking areas of the old Madras province, which included present day
Tamil Nadu, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka. The Vishalandhra
movement (as the movement for a separate Andhra was called) demanded that the
Telugu speaking areas should be separated from the Madras province of which they
were a part and be made into a separate Andhra province. The movement gathered
momentum as a result of the Central government’s vacillation. Potti Sriramulu, a
Congress leader and a veteran Gandhian, went on an indefinite fast that led to his
death after 56 days. Finally, the Prime Minister announced the formation of a
separate Andhra state in December 1952.
i. Name the first Indian states to be created on the basis of language?
a. Punjab
b. Andhra Pradesh
c. Nagaland
 d. Gujarat
ii. How many days Potti Sriramalu went on the fast?
a. 56
b. 66
c. 68
d. 70
iii. What led to the formation of the separate Andhra state in 1952, and how did the
Vishalandhra movement play a role in this?

SECTION-E (24 MARKS)

27. Why was Gorbachev forced to initiate reforms and how did it lead to the [6]
disintegration of the Soviet Union?

OR
Describe the factors that make most of the former Soviet Republics prone to conflicts
and threats.

28. Analyse any four factors that make the European Union an influential regional [6]
organisation.

OR
Explain the role of the European Union as a supranational organisation.

29. Two-party system is considered as the best form for a democratic system. India, on [6]
the other hand, has a multi-party system. Assess the advantages of the multi-party
system in India.

OR
Describe any four major developments in the Indian politics since 1989.

30. Write a brief note on the students’ agitation in Bihar in 1974. [6]

OR
Describe any three events that led to the imposition of emergency in 1975.
 Solution
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 3
Political Science (028)
Class XII (2024-25)
SECTION – A (12 MARKS)
1. (a) iv, ii, i, iii
Explanation:
iv. Appointment of Trygve Lie as a UN secretary general (1946-1952)
ii. Appointment of Dag Hammarskjöld as a UN secretary general (1953-1961)
i. Appointment of U Thant as a UN secretary general (1961-1971)
iii. Appointment of Kurt Waldheim as a UN secretary general (1972-1981)
2.
(d) It was drafted by some leading industrialists.
Explanation:
It was drafted by some leading industrialists.
3.
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation:
The most popular and charismatic leader the Congress party had in Indian politics was
Jawaharlal Nehru. He led the Congress campaign and toured through the country. He led
the Congress throughout the first three Lok Sabha. The victory in the first general election
of 1952 was evident because Congress had inherited the legacy of the national movement.
In the second and the third general elections, held in 1957 and 1962 respectively, the
Congress maintained the same position in the Lok Sabha by winning three-fourth of the
seats.
4.
(c) To arrange funds for the developmental programmes.
Explanation:
To arrange funds for the developmental programmes.
5.
(c) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
Explanation:
(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
6.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
 7.
(d) V. Krishna Menon
Explanation:
V. Krishna Menon
8. (a) Morarji Desai
Explanation:
Morarji Desai
9.
(d) India
Explanation:
India
10. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
11. (a) Nagaland
Explanation:
Nagaland
12.
(d) Sheikh Mujib Ur Rahman
Explanation:
Sheikh Mujib Ur Rahman
SECTION- B (12 MARKS)
13. a. Under traditional security, the greatest danger to a country is from military threats. The
source is of this danger is another country that takes military action and endangers the
core values of sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity. Military action also
endangers the lives of ordinary citizens. On the other hand, non-traditional security
includes a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of human
existence. Non-traditional views of security have been called 'human security' or '
global security'. Non-traditional security consists of dangers such as terrorism, human
rights, global poverty and health epidemics.
b. The creation and sustenance of alliances belong to the category of traditional security.
14. Impact of political rise of Other Backward Classes
i. Congress lost the support of Other Backward Classes and many NonCongress Parties
got the support of OBCs
ii. Many Non-Congress Parties had base in the rural areas with OBCs
iii. Many new parties emerged with the support of OBCs such as BSP
 iv. A concensus emerged among all political parties to continue the reservation policy for
OBCs
v. In some states OBCs supported parties came to power, such as in Uttar Pradesh.
vi. The Mandal Commission made many recommendations to improve the conditions of
OBCs. The decision of the National Front Government to implement the
recommendations of the Mandal Commission sparked agitations and violent protests in
many cities of North India.
15. The parties to the Protocol agreed that the largest share of global emissions of greenhouse
gases has originated in developed countries. It was acknowledged that per capita emission
of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide was still relatively low in developing countries.
Therefore, developing countries such as India and China were exempted from the
requirements of the Kyoto Protocol.
16. The opposition unity and the Congress split posed a challenge to the Congress dominance
in the following ways:
i. Before 1967 elections the opposition parties had realised that division of their votes
kept the Congress in power. They, therefore, formed anti-Congress fronts. As a result of
this, Congress lost a majority in seven states. Non-Congress governments were formed
in Punjab, UP, Bihar, and other states. The results proved that the Congress could be
defeated at the elections.
ii. The split in the Congress reduced Indira Gandhi government to a minority. However,
she remained in office with the support of the Communist Party of India and DMK. It
was issue-based support. The fact was, however, that the new Congress of Indira
Gandhi was just one faction of an already weak party and split had further weakened its
position.
17. The first large-scale Asian–African or Afro–Asian Conference—also known as the
Bandung Conference was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were
newly independent, which took place on 18-24 April 1955 in Bandung, Indonesia. It lead
to an establishment of NAM to mark the engagement of India with African and Asian
nations known as Afro-Asian Unity.
18. a. The country's first general elections were expected sometime in 1950 itself but the
elections had to be postponed twice and finally held from October 1951 to February
1952.
b. The first general elections were delayed due to the following reasons:
i. Large country.
ii. Delimitation of electoral constituencies.
iii. Illiterate voters.
iv. Need for a special method of voting.
 SECTION-C (20 MARKS)
19. Internal security relates to peace and order within the country. It is important because a
country faces external violence from outside its borders if it is not secure inside its
borders. The problem of internal security does not exist in most of the European country. It
exists in the third world countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The newly
independent states faced threats from separatist movements that wanted to form
independent countries. Sometimes a neighbour might help or instigate an internal
separatist movement leading to tensions between the two neighbouring countries. Internal
wars constitute 95 percent of all armed conflicts fought anywhere in the world. Between
1946 and 1991, there was a twelve-fold rise in the number of civil wars. So the internal
security is also a challenge to the security of the newly independent countries.
20. The following are just some of the criteria that have been proposed for new permanent and
non-permanent members of the Security Council. A new member, it has been suggested,
should be:
i. A major economic power.
ii. A major military power.
iii. A substantial contributor to the UN budget.
iv. A big nation in terms of its population.
v. A nation that respects democracy and human rights.
vi. A country that would make the Council more representative of the world’s diversity in
terms of geography, economic systems, and culture
21. The concept of common property displays the similar and common property for group.
The rule is that the participants of the group have both rights and duties related to nature,
levels of use and maintenance of given resources.
Example:
i. With the help of common belief and long-term practice, many village communities in
India have set out rights, and responsibilities of members.
ii. A combination of factors including privatisation, population growth and ecosystem
degradation have affected the poor masses to a great extent.
iii. The international requirement for the conservation of the sacred groves on state-owned
former forest land is an example of the common property resources, which have been
traditionally conserved by village communities.
iv. The management of the sacred groves along the forest belt of South India, sacred
groves have been traditionally managed by village communities.
OR
‘Agenda 21’:
i. It is a list of development practices for developing countries.
 ii. It was biased in favour of economic growth rather than ensuring ecological
conservation.
iii. It was introduced during the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and aimed to
address global environmental and developmental challenges.
‘Sustainable development’:
i. It refers to combining economic growth with ecological responsibility.
ii. It means exploiting resources carefully without wasting them.
iii. It involves the careful management and exploitation of resources to meet present needs
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
22. Political consequences of globalisation are both positive and negative.
Negative aspects
Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity that is the ability of the
government to do what they do.
The markets become a prime determinant in settling down social and economic
priorities in place of welfare.
Positive aspects
The primary status remains the unchallenged basis of the political community.
To some extent developing countries have received a boost to become more powerful
and strong.
(one point from each)
OR
The positive economic consequences are:
i. It involves greater economic flows among various countries.
ii. The restrictions imposed by different countries on allowing the imports of other
countries have been reduced.
iii. The restrictions on the movement of capital across countries have also been reduced.
The negative economic consequences are:
i. Economic globalisation has created an intense diverse opinion all over the world so as
to benefit only a small section of society.
ii. The forced economic globalisation would lead to economic ruin for the weaker
countries, especially for the poor within countries. Some economists have defined
economic globalisation as re-colonisation of the world.
23. Lessons learned from the feeling of alienation in some parts of India was as:
i. First and the most elementary lesson is that regional aspirations are very much a part of
democratic politics. The expression of regional issues is not an abnormal phenomenon.
ii. The second lesson is that the best way to respond to regional aspirations is through
democratic negotiations rather than through suppression.
 iii. The third lesson is about the significance of power-sharing.
iv. The fourth lesson is that regional imbalance in economic development contributes to
the feeling of regional discrimination.
v. Finally, these cases make us appreciate the farsightedness of the makers of our
constitution.
SECTION-D (12 MARKS)
24. i. (d) In December 1985
ii. (b) disagreement and differences
iii. (b) political differences
iv. (b) Islamabad
Name of the
Serial number of the information used Concerned alphabet in the map
25. State
(i) C Bihar
(ii) A Gujarat
(iii) D Tamil Nadu
(iv) B Uttar Pradesh
26. i. (b) Andhra Pradesh
ii. (a) 56
iii. The Vishalandhra movement demanded the separation of Telugu-speaking areas from
Madras province. Protests intensified, and Potti Sriramulu's indefinite fast led to his
death after 56 days. This tragic event pressured the government, prompting the Prime
Minister to announce the creation of a separate Andhra state in December 1952.
SECTION-E (24 MARKS)
27. The factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the USSR were as given
below:
i. The Soviet system became bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for
the citizens.
ii. Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech stifled people. As a result of
it, people often expressed their dissent in-jokes and cartoons.
iii. There was control of one party i.e., the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had tight
control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people.
iv. The party refused to recognise the urge of people in the fifteen republics had no right to
manage their own affairs including their cultural affairs.
v. Russia was one of the fifteen republics that together constituted the USSR, in reality,
Russia dominated everything, and people from other regions felt neglected and often
suppressed.
 vi. In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time, but at
great cost. The Soviet Union lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure(e.g.
transport, power) and in fulfilling the political or economic aspirations of citizens.
OR
The present-day conflicts which the post-Soviet republics are confronted with can be
traced to the old days when the USSR had existed. With the downfall of the USSR, Russia
has experienced high levels of ethnic conflicts pertaining to exit claims by former satellite
states that rose against the idea of federation. Exit claims antagonised the state leading to a
clash between the interest of the centre and the constituent states resulting in massive
human right violations in Chechnya and in other regions.
The three factors that make most of the former Soviet republics prone to conflicts and
threats are as follow :
i. Chechnya conflict: Chechnya is one of the twenty-one republics among the eighty-
nine regions that make up the Russian Empire. Chechnya conflict which began in 1994
has led to the demand for independence. It has been the bone of contention between
separatists and the Government of Russia for decades. Russia has been criticised for its
actions which led to mass killing of the people in Chechnya. Chechnya witnessed a
chain of conflicts with thousands of casualties.
ii. Tajikistan conflict: Tajikistan also experienced a decade long Civil War fuelled
primarily by a clash between ethnic groups. The civil war started in 1992. The main
zone the conflict was the south zone but the impact of the conflict was throughout the
country. It ended in 2001. The cause of the Civil War lies in the period after the end of
the Cold War where legitimacy crisis erupted after presidential elections in Tajikistan. It
took the form of a Civil War.
iii. Georgia conflict: Like the other post-Soviet states, Georgia also fell prey to the internal
conflicts and instability which had accumulated since the days of the Soviet Union.
Declaring independence, Georgia witnessed two gruesome conflicts in the country. The
conflict centred on South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Abkhazia declares its independence
from Georgia. These conflicts proved to be painful for the country as it created divided
societies following divergent interests.
These three examples of conflicts proved to be disastrous for humankind as it accounted
for a large number of lives.
28. Factors that make the European Union an influential regional organisation:
i. The EU has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one.
ii. The EU has a common flag, anthem, founding date and currency which shows its
solidarity and unity. It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in
its dealings with other nations.
 iii. The EU is the world’s second biggest economy with a GDP of more than $17 trillion in
2016, next to that of the USA.
iv. It functions as an important bloc in the WTO.
v. One of its members (France) is the permanent member of the UN Security Council.
vi. Its currency, the Euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.
vii. The combined armed forces of the EU are the second largest in the world. Its total
spending on defense is second after the US.
viii. It also works as a supranational organization, the EU is able to intervene in economic,
political and social areas.
OR
The role of the European Union as a supranational organisation is as given below:
i. The European Union is able to intervene in economic, political and social areas. The
EU is the world’s biggest economy with a GDP of more than $12 trillion in 2005.
ii. It functions as an important bloc in international economic organisations such as the
World Trade Organisation.
iii. Its two members - France and Britain - are permanent members of the UN Security
Council. Some of its members are non-permanent members of the UN Security
Council. This has enabled the European Union to influence US policies such as the
current US position on Iran’s nuclear programme.
However, there are differences too among its members. For example, in the case of Iraq’s
invasion, some members supported the US-led ‘coalition of the willing’ but Germany and
France opposed American policy. Denmark and Sweden resisted the Maastricht Treaty and
the adoption of the Euro. This limits the ability of the Union to act in matters of foreign
relations and defence.
29. Two party systems are required for a successful democracy. However, the multi-party
system has the following advantages :
i. No place for dictatorship: Even if a party enjoys a full majority, it can not function as
a dictator. In a democratic country, any person or a group have the freedom to form
their own political party. This system ensures a healthy competition among different
parties and prevents the dictatorship of a single party thereby providing chances for the
growth of the nation.
ii. Multiple choices of voters: The voters have choices about whom they want to cast
their votes since 1989 elections.
iii. True reflection of public opinion: Parliament is the reflection of people. In the case of
multi-party systems, Parliament becomes a true reflector of people because of the
diversity of culture, language is noticeable in Parliament. For a vast and socio diverse
 country, the multi-party system is best as it represents the voices and opinions of each
section of the society.
iv. Possibility of stable government: There is government majority in Parliament and
Council of Ministers work according to the majority. This restricts Parliament not to
pass a no-confidence motion. Hence, the multi-party system is comparatively stable.
v. Passing of bills: Bills favouring people are passed by the Parliament and it is a
coalition government which always asks its member parties to do so.
vi. Check the division of the two camps: The two-party system leads to two camps. But
the multi-party system checked the two hostile camps. It is rather a cementing force
between groups of divergent loyalties.
OR
The four major developments in Indian politics since 1989:
i. First the most crucial development of this period was the defeat of the Congress party in
the elections held in 1989.
ii. The second development was the rise of the 'Mandal issue' in national politics.
iii. Third, the economic policy followed by the various government took a radically
different turn.
iv. Fourth, a number of events culminated in the demolition of the disputed structure at
Ayodhya (known as Babri Masjid) in December 1992.
30. In March 1974 students came together in Bihar against rising prices, food scarcity,
unemployment and corruption. After a point they invited Jayaprakash Narayan, who had
given up active politics and was involved in social work, to lead the student movement.
He accepted it on the condition that the movement will remain nonviolent and will not
limit to Bihar. Thus the students' movement assumed a political character and had national
appeal. People from all walks of life now entered the movement. Jayaprakash Narayan
demanded the dismissal of Congress government in Bihar and gave a call for a total
revolution in the social, economic and political spheres in order to establish what he
considered to be a true democracy. A series of bandhs, gheraos and strikes were organised.
In March, Jayaprakash Narayan led a people’s march to the Parliament. Both Bihar and
Gujarat agitations were seen as anti-Congress. These were considered protests against the
leadership of Indira Gandhi.
OR
The various reasons that led to the imposition of emergency in 1975 were:
i. The railway strike of 1974:
The National Coordination Committee for Railway men's Struggle led by George
Fernandes gave a call for a nationwide strike by all employees of the Railways for
pressing their demands related to bonus and service conditions. The government was
 opposed to these demands. In, May 1974 the employees of India's largest public-sector
undertaking went on a strike. As the government refused to concede the demands of the
striking workers, arrested many of their leaders and deployed the territorial army to
protect railway tracks, the strike had to be called off after twenty days without any
settlement.
ii. The conflict with the Judiciary:
This was also the period when the government and the ruling party had many
differences with the judiciary.
a. Three constitutional issues had emerged. Can the Parliament abridge Fundamental
Rights? The Supreme Court said it cannot.
b. Secondly, can the Parliament curtail the right to property by making an amendment?
Again, the Court said that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in such manner
that rights are curtailed.
c. Thirdly, the Parliament amended the Constitution saying that it can abridge
Fundamental Rights for giving effect to Directive Principles. But the court rejected
this provision also. For example; the famous Kesavananda Bharati case, the court
gave a decision that there are some basic features of the Consitution and the
Parliament cannot amend these features.
iii. Jai Prakash Narayan’s call to disobey the illegal and unconstitutional orders of the
government at the Ramlila Ground rally: The movement was beginning to influence
national politics. Jayaprakash Narayan wanted to spread the Bihar movement to other
parts of country. In 1975, JP led a peoples' march to the Parliament. Jayaprakash
announced a nationwide satyagraha and asked government employees not to obey
"illegal immoral orders". This was one of the largest political rallies ever held in the
capital.