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SQL Interview Questions

SQL

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13 views

SQL Interview Questions

SQL

Uploaded by

rk9292203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Preparing for MySQL

Interview
Key Concepts, Practical Questions, and Interview Tips
What is MySQL?
Definition: MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS)
based on SQL.

Uses: Widely used for web applications, data management, and analytics.
SQL vs. MySQL
● SQL is the language, while MySQL is the software that uses SQL.
● Difference in usage and capabilities.
● When to use MySQL vs. other database systems.
Key SQL Concepts
● Databases and Tables: Understand schema, rows, and columns.

● Keys: Primary Key, Foreign Key, and Unique Key.

● Indexes: What they are and why they are important.

● Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT, etc.

● Data Types: VARCHAR, INT, DATE, etc.


SQL Query Examples
● Question 1: Write a query to fetch the first 10 records from a table.
○ SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10;
● Question 2: Write a query to fetch the highest salary from the "employees" table.
○ SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;
● Question 3: How do you join two tables and fetch common data?
○ SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column =
table2.column;
Intermediate MySQL Query Examples
● Question 1: Fetch employees with a salary greater than 50,000 and hired in the last 2 years.
○ SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000 AND hire_date >
DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 2 YEAR);
● Question 2: Write a query to find duplicate records in a table.
○ SELECT column, COUNT(*) FROM table GROUP BY column HAVING COUNT(*) >
1;
● Question 3: Create a view to fetch active employees only.
○ CREATE VIEW active_employees AS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE status =
'active';
Advanced SQL Query Examples
● Question 1: How do you handle subqueries in MySQL? Example of fetching employees with the
highest salary department-wise.
○ SELECT department, employee, salary FROM employees WHERE salary =
(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees e WHERE e.department =
employees.department);
● Question 2: How to optimize slow-running queries? Discuss indexing and query restructuring
○ What is an Index?

○ An index is a data structure that helps the database retrieve data faster by reducing the number of rows it needs to scan.

● What is Query Restructuring?


It involves rewriting queries to improve their efficiency without changing the result.
Theoretical SQL Questions
● Normalization: Explain different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF).
● Denormalization: When to denormalize and its benefits.
● ACID Properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
● Transactions: BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.
SQL Optimization Techniques
● Use of Indexes to speed up queries.
● Benefits of Partitioning in large datasets.
● Caching results and connection pooling for performance.
● Monitoring tools like MySQL Slow Query Log.
Additional Theoretical Questions
● Difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP.
● How do joins work in MySQL? (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL).
● Explain the group by and having clauses.
● Explain AUTO_INCREMENT in MySQL.
Real-World SQL Use Cases
● How to design a database for an e-commerce platform.
● Write a query to fetch all customers who placed an order in the last 30 days.
● Optimize a reporting query fetching data for large-scale analytics.
SQL Security & Best Practices
● Managing User Privileges.
● Avoiding SQL Injections: Best practices for securing queries.
● How to encrypt sensitive data in MySQL.
Final Tips for SQL Interviews
● Focus on both theoretical and practical SQL questions.
● Explain your approach to solving SQL queries.
● Always think of performance optimization when discussing queries.
● Practice regularly with real-world problems on platforms like LeetCode,
HackerRank, etc.

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