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Index & Query Optimization

The document discusses different types of indexes and strategies for optimizing database queries. It defines indexes and indexing, describes primary, secondary and clustering indexes. It also provides examples of query optimization including using indexes to improve query efficiency and choosing efficient execution strategies.

Uploaded by

Ikawa Afue
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Index & Query Optimization

The document discusses different types of indexes and strategies for optimizing database queries. It defines indexes and indexing, describes primary, secondary and clustering indexes. It also provides examples of query optimization including using indexes to improve query efficiency and choosing efficient execution strategies.

Uploaded by

Ikawa Afue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS

Index and Query


Optimization
1
Index and Query
Optimization
Abel M. Ingaw
Ronald T. Bragas
Index: a data structure that improves the speed of
data retrieval operations
MySQL index: a separate file that is sorted, and
contains only the field/s a user is interested in
sorting on
Indexing: a data structure, which orders data of
one or more columns in database table
Definition of Terms
2
Index: a data structure that improves the speed of
data retrieval operations
MySQL index: a separate file that is sorted, and
contains only the field/s a user is interested in
sorting on
Indexing: a data structure, which orders data of
one or more columns in database table
defined based on its indexing attributes
can be one of the following types
Primary Index: If index is built on ordering
'key-field' of file
Secondary Index: If index is built on non-
ordering field of file
Clustering Index: If index is built on ordering
non-key field of file
Indexing
3
defined based on its indexing attributes
can be one of the following types
Primary Index: If index is built on ordering
'key-field' of file
Secondary Index: If index is built on non-
ordering field of file
Clustering Index: If index is built on ordering
non-key field of file
Dense Index: there is an index record for every
search key value in the database
Sparse Index: index records are not created
for every search key. An index record here
contains search key and actual pointer to the
data on the disk
Clustering Index: If index is built on ordering
non-key field of file
Ordered Indexing
4
Dense Index: there is an index record for every
search key value in the database
Sparse Index: index records are not created
for every search key. An index record here
contains search key and actual pointer to the
data on the disk
Clustering Index: If index is built on ordering
non-key field of file
Multilevel Index:
Index records are comprised of search-key
value and data pointers. This index itself is
stored on the disk along with the actual
database files.
Ordered Indexing
5
Multilevel Index:
Index records are comprised of search-key
value and data pointers. This index itself is
stored on the disk along with the actual
database files.
Query Optimization
Part 2
6
Query Optimization
Query:
is a request for information from a database
Query Optimization
7
Query:
is a request for information from a database
Activity of choosing an efficient
execution strategy for processing query
Query Optimization
8
Activity of choosing an efficient
execution strategy for processing query
Aims to choose a query which minimizes the usage
of resources
Reduces the total execution time of query
Helps to find the near optimum solution
Query Optimization
9
Aims to choose a query which minimizes the usage
of resources
Reduces the total execution time of query
Helps to find the near optimum solution
Scenario:
Table Name: employee
Columns:
employee_number, firstname, surname, address ,
tel_no varchar, salary,overtime_rate
Query Optimization
10
Scenario:
Table Name: employee
Columns:
employee_number, firstname, surname, address ,
tel_no varchar, salary,overtime_rate
Example 1:
Find employee Fred Jone's salary(employee number
101832)
SQL:
SELECT salary FROM employee WHERE
employee_number = '101832';
Query Optimization
11
Example 1:
Find employee Fred Jone's salary(employee number
101832)
SQL:
SELECT salary FROM employee WHERE
employee_number = '101832';
Problem:
No clue where to find this record
Solution:
SELECT employee_number, firstname, surname FROM
employee WHERE employee_number= '10875';
Query Optimization
12
Problem:
No clue where to find this record
Solution:
SELECT employee_number, firstname, surname FROM
employee WHERE employee_number= '10875';
Example 2:
What about if you want to select on more than one
criteria?
SQL 1:
SELECT firstname FROM employee
Query Optimization
13
Example 2:
What about if you want to select on more than one
criteria?
SQL 1:
SELECT firstname FROM employee
Problem:
makes no use of an index at all. An index on firstname
is useless
Solution:
SELECT firstname FROM employee WHERE
surname="Madida";
Query Optimization
14
Problem:
makes no use of an index at all. An index on firstname
is useless
Solution:
SELECT firstname FROM employee WHERE
surname="Madida";
Example 3:
find all the employees where half their overtime rate is
less than 20 pesos
SQL 1:
SELECT firstname FROM employee WHERE
overtime_rate<20*2;
Query Optimization
15
Example 3:
find all the employees where half their overtime rate is
less than 20 pesos
SQL 1:
SELECT firstname FROM employee WHERE
overtime_rate<20*2;
Problem:
Every single employee record is being read
School Algebra to the rescue:
x/2 = y' is the same as 'x = y*2
Query Optimization
16
Problem:
Every single employee record is being read
School Algebra to the rescue:
x/2 = y' is the same as 'x = y*2
Solution:
Add an index on overtime_rate
SELECT firstname FROM employee WHERE
overtime_rate/2<20;
Query Optimization
17
Solution:
Add an index on overtime_rate
SELECT firstname FROM employee WHERE
overtime_rate/2<20;
Example 4:
Having thousands of records, delete all records as fast
as possible.
SQL 1:
DELETE FROM employee
Query Optimization
18
Example 4:
Having thousands of records, delete all records as fast
as possible.
SQL 1:
DELETE FROM employee
Problem:
DELETE drops records one by one
Solution:
TRUNCATE TABLE employee
TRUNCATE employee
Query Optimization
19
Problem:
DELETE drops records one by one
Solution:
TRUNCATE TABLE employee
TRUNCATE employee
Conclusion
It's not only getting the data in that
needs to be quick - sometimes you
need to get it out quickly too
20
It's not only getting the data in that
needs to be quick - sometimes you
need to get it out quickly too
Any questions?
End of Topic
21
End of Topic

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