3 Statics 4 Sample Problems

Resultant of Force
System
compiled by:
Engr. Carmela Ramos Mirandilla, M.Eng., ASEAN Eng.
Resultant of Distributed loading
Uniformly distributed load Uniformly Varying load

R =wL
R =wL/2
L/2
2/3L
INSTRUCTOR:
ENGR. CARMELA RAMOS MIRANDILLA
ASEAN ENGINEER (CIVIL)
Problems:
1. Determine the magnitude,
and location of the resultant
of the four forces acting on the
rocker arm as shown in the
figure.
INSTRUCTOR:
R=400
R =  Fy
x
500 N 600 N 300 N 800 N R = 800 + 500 − 600 − 300

2m 2m 3m 2m R = 400 N 
O +M o = Rx = 400 x
400 x = 800(5) − 300(3) + 600(2) − 500(4)

x = 5.75m To the right of point O
INSTRUCTOR:
2. Beam AB supports a load which varies from an intensity of
240 lb/ft at A to 360 lb/ft at B. Calculate the magnitude
and position of the resultant.
360 lb/ft
240 lb/ft
A B
P1 = 240 (18) = 4320 lb
1(360 − 240 )
18 ft P2 = 18 = 1080 lb
P2 2
2/3(18) =12
360 lb/ft
240 lb/ft P1
A B
18/2=9
18 ft
INSTRUCTOR:
P2=1080
12
R =  Fy
P1=4320
9 R R = 4320 + 1080 = 5400 lb 
A B
M
18
+ A = Rx = 5400 x
+ M A = 4320 (9) + 1080 (12)
5400 x = 4320 (9) + 1080 (12)

INSTRUCTOR:
x = 9.6 ft To the right of point A
3. Find the values of P and Q so that the four forces shown in
figure produces an upward resultant of 3000 N acting at 4 m
from the left end of the bar.
1000 N P Q 2000 N
2m 3m 2m R =  Fy
3000 = P + Q − 1000 − 2000
P + Q = 6000 → EQ.1
1000 N P Q 2000 N
2m 3m 2m + M A = 3000 (4)
A
+ M A = 2 P + 5Q − 2000 (7)
4m
R=3000 N 3000 (4) = 2 P + 5Q − 14000
26000 = 2 P + 5Q
SUBTRACT 13000 = P + 2.5Q
13000 = P + 2.5Q → EQ.2
6000 = P + Q
INSTRUCTOR:
7000 = 1.5Q
Q = 4666 .67 N
P = 1333 .33 N
Resultant of non concurrent force systems
P
Q d Ry
o R
θx
Rx
Magnitude and direction Location
R = ( Fx ) + ( Fy )2 2
tan  x =
 Fy
Rd =  M o
F x
Where:
Rx = ∑Fx = algebraic sum of the x components
Ry = ∑Fy = algebraic sum of the y components
INSTRUCTOR:
Problems
1. Compute the resultant of the three forces shown in figure. Locate

its intersection with the x and y axes.
y
Solution:
x and y components of given forces

780 N
5 780(12/13) = 720 N
300 12 780( 5/13) = 300 N
600 N
1414.2cos450 = 1000 N
1m
O x 1414.2sin450 = 1000 N
B
600sin300= 300 N
1m 1414.2 N
600cos300= 519.6 N
INSTRUCTOR:
Rx =∑Fx = 1000 + 720 – 300 = 1420 N
tan  x =
 Fy
Ry =∑Fy = 1000 + 519.6 – 300 = 1219.6 N
Magnitude:
F x
1219 .6
Down to the right
At 40.660 with x axis R = (1420 ) + (1219 .6) = 1871 .85 N
2 2 tan  x =
1420
y y
Rx  x = 40.660
300 N
300 N iy
720 N Ry Rx
519.6 N x
O
ix
O 1000 N x
B + Ry
1m RyIx= ∑Mo
1219.6ix = 3040
1000 N
+ ix =2.49 m to the right of O
∑Mo = 1000(4) +720(2) - 300(5)- 300(3)= 3040 N.m
+
RxIy= ∑Mo
1420iy = 3040
iy =2.14 m above O
INSTRUCTOR:
2. The truss shown in figure carries the given loads. The inclined
loads are perpendicular to the inclined members. Determine the
magnitude of the resultant, its inclination with the horizontal and
where it intersects AB.
2.25 kN
4.5 kN
2.25 kN 3m 2 kN
A B
3m 3m 3m 3m
3 kN 3 kN 3 kN
INSTRUCTOR:
Resultant of inclined loads:
4.5 +2(2.25) = 9 kN
Components of inclined loads:

9sinθ=9 (1/2.236) =4.02
θ 9
9cosθ=9 (2/2.236) =8.04 9.0 kN
3m 2 kN
1.5 m
A θ B
2.236 1 3m 3m 3m 3m
θ
2
3 kN 3 kN 3 kN
INSTRUCTOR:
8.04
4.02 3m 2 kN
1.5 m
A θ B
3m 3m 3m 3m
X component of resultant 3 kN 3 kN 3 kN
Rx =∑Fx = 4.02 + 2 = 6.02 kN Inclination of resultant
y component of resultant
Ry =∑Fy = 8.04 + 3(3) = 17.04 kN tan  x =
 Fy
 x = 70.540
Magnitude of resultant
F x
17.04
R = ( Fx ) + ( Fy )2 2 tan  x =
6.02
R = (6.02) 2 + (17.04) 2 = 18.07 kN Down to the right
INSTRUCTOR:
8.04
Ry=17.04
4.02 3m 2 kN
1.5 m
Rx=6.02
A B
3m 3m 3m 3m
3 kN 3 kN 3 kN
Summation of moments of the components at A

+
∑MA=8.04(3)+ 4.02(1.5) +2(1.5) +3(3)+3(6)+3(9) =87.15 kN.m
Intersection with AB
+
Ry(x) =∑MA 17.04x =87.15 x = 5.11 m from A
INSTRUCTOR:
Equilibrium of Force Systems
Statics deals essentially with forces acting on bodies which are at
rest. Such bodies are said to be in equilibrium. Equilibrium is the
condition where the resultant of the force system acting on the
body is zero.
Free Body Diagrams (FBD)

Problems in mechanics involves the interaction of bodies upon one
another. Solutions of these problems generally requires that the
bodies be isolated from one another so that the forces involved
maybe analyzed and the unknown forces may be determined .
The isolated view of the body showing the external forces exerted
on the body is called free body diagram(FBD). These external
forces are caused either by direct bodily contact or by gravitational
attraction.
TYPICAL FREE BODY DIAGRAMS
Type of body Sketch of Reacting Bodies Action of body removed

Removed upon free body
Earth
W W
Flexible cord,rope, T T
Or cable ( neglecting θ θ
Weight)
Smooth surface
θ θ N N
Roller
θ θ
R R
Smooth Pin
Fy
or Hinge
θ Fx θ
INSTRUCTOR:
Problem
The cylinder C in figure weighs 2500 N . Draw the FBD of cylinder C and rod AB.
B B
2500 N
600 T 600
3m 3m
D C E RE E
C RE
F 3m F 3m
600
300
N Ax
A A
FBD of cylinder C
Ay
FBD of rod AB
INSTRUCTOR:
Problem
A 500 N load is supported by a cable which run over a pulley and is fastened to
the bar DE as shown. Draw the FBD of bars AC and DE and of the pulley.
Assume all hinges to be smooth and neglect the weight of each bar.
500 D
D 500
2m
A
A Ax
5m 5m
FBD of pulley
500
Ay FBD of bar DE
B
500 N A
B Bx
3m Ax 3m
C
3m By
E E Ex
500 N Ay B
Bx
2m 2m
3m
Ey
By C
Cx
FBD of bar AC
500 N
INSTRUCTOR:
2m 2m
Cy
Equilibrium of concurrent Force Systems
The conditions for equilibrium of concurrent force systems are

determined by the equations that produces a zero resultant; thus if
R = ( Fx ) 2 + ( Fy ) 2 then R = 0 if F x = 0 and F
y =0
Problem:
A cylinder weighing 600 N is held
against a smooth incline by means of B
a weightless rod AB as shown. Determine
the forces exerted on the cylinder by the
rod and the incline.
A 250 550
Solution 600
600
B
250 350
P 550 NF
P
A NF
250
550 By Sine Law
NF P 600
550 =
600 Sin550 Sin600
600
250 350 P 650 P P = 567.52 N
600 NF
P Force triangle NF 600
P Applicable if there =
are 3 forces involved Sin650 Sin60 0
NF = 627.91 N
INSTRUCTOR:
Another Solution
y
600
  Fy = 0
N F Sin35 + PSin25 − 600 = 0 → EQ.2
0 0
x
250 350
P NF
0
N Cos 35
N F Sin350 + F Sin25 0
− 600 = 0
  Fx = 0 Cos 25 0
PCos25 0 − N F Cos35 0 = 0 N F Sin350 + N F Cos350 (tan 250 ) = 600

N F Cos35 0
P= 0
→ EQ.1 600
Cos 25 NF =
Sin350 + Cos350 tan 250
N F = 627.9 N
(627.9)Cos350
P= 0
= 567.5 N
INSTRUCTOR:
Cos 25
Problem
Figure 1 represents the concurrent forces acting at a
joint of a roof truss. Determine P and F to maintain x’
equilibrium.
y y
F y’ F
P 1050 600 P 1050 600

x 150 x
450 450
400 lb 300 400 lb
600 600 600
300 300
Figure 1
500 lb 500 lb
300 lb 300 lb
Rotation of axis
P
Rotate the x-y axis 600 clockwise
so that F coincides with the x’ axis
eliminating F from ∑Fy’ =0
x’
300 F
300 lb
INSTRUCTOR:
ENGR. CARMELA RAMOS MIRANDILLA 400 lb
Rotated axis
P →  Fx = 0
F − PCos750 − 500Cos30 0 − 300Cos30 0 + 400Cos60 0 = 0
300 F
300 lb F − 255.1Cos750 − 500Cos300 − 300Cos300 + 400Cos600 = 0
F = 558.84lb
400 lb
Rotated axis
  Fy = 0
PSin750 + 500 Sin30 0 − 300 Sin30 0 − 400 Sin60 0 = 0
P = 255 .1lb
INSTRUCTOR:
Equilibrium of Parallel Force Systems
The resultant of a parallel force system is defined by
R = ∑F Rd =∑M
For equilibrium condition

∑F=0 ∑M=0
Problem
Determine the support reactions of the beam shown.
72 kN
48 kN/m
24 kN/m
2m 4m 3m
72 kN 24(4)=96 1/2(48)3=72
2m 2m
48 kN/m
A 24 kN/m
B
2m 4m 3m
72 kN 96 72
2m 2m
A
B
2m 4m 3m
RA RB
∑MB=0 ∑F=0
RB+RA-72-72-96=0
RA(9)-72(1)-96(5)-72(7)=0 RB+117.33-144-96=0
INSTRUCTOR: RA= 117.33 kN
RB =122.67 kN
Problem
Two cylinders A and B weighing 200 N and 400 N respectively are connected
by a rigid rod curved parallel to the smooth cylindrical surface shown in the
figure. Determine the angles α and θ that define the position of equilibrium.
∑MC=0
A B
rCosθ(200)-rCosα(400)=0
900 Cosθ=2Cosα EQ.1
θ α
400 N θ + α = 900 θ=900 - α EQ.2
200 N Cos(900-α)=2Cosα
A B Cos(900-α)=Sinα EQ.3
r r Sin α =2Cosα
900
θ α
Sin
C =2 tan  = 2
rCosθ rCosα Cos
INSTRUCTOR:
 = 63.40  = 26.60
F
0.4 m
Problem
The weight W of a traveling crane is
30 kN acting as shown. To prevent the
crane from tipping to the right when W = 30 kN
carrying a load Q = 30 kN ,a Counterweight
F is used. Determine thePosition and value Q = 30 kN
of F so that the crane will remain in
equilibrium both when the maximum load
Q is applied and when the load Q is A B
removed.
x 2m 4m
INSTRUCTOR:
Solution
B A
x 2m 4m
When Q is applied When Q is removed

∑MB = 0 ∑MA = 0
F(x+2) – 30(0.4)-30(4) = 0 Fx – 30(2.4) = 0
F(x+2) = 132 EQ. 1 Fx = 72 EQ. 2
Fx + 2F = 132 F = 30 kN
INSTRUCTOR:
72 + 2F = 132
x = 2.4 m
Equilibrium of non concurrent Force Systems
For equilbrium of non concurrent force system use

∑Fx=0 ∑Fy=0 ∑M =0
Note: ∑Fx=0 and ∑Fy=0 could also be replaced by an equivalent
moment summation. 1500 N
600 N B E
Problem
The truss shown is supported
3m
by a roller at C and a hinge at
F. Determine the reactions
at the supports A 3m C 3m D 3m F RFx
900 N RC
∑MF = 0 6RC + 600(3) – 1500(3) – 900(9) = 0 Rc=1800 N RFy
∑Fy = 0 RFy + RC -1500 – 900 =0 RFy = 600 N
∑Fx = 0 RFx – 600 =0 RFx = 600 N
Problem
Determine the reactions at A and E for the truss shown below. Members BG
and DF are perpendicular to AC and CE at their midpoint. Loads acting
at C,D and E are perpendicular to CE.
2500 N
3000 N C 5000 N
3m D
B 2500 N 3m
A E
G F
300
6000 N 6000 N
3 @ 4 m each = 12 m
INSTRUCTOR:
2500 N
3000 N C 5000 N
3m D
B 2500 N 3m
A E
θ REx
G F
300
300 6000 N 6000 N REy 6.71
3m
RA 3 @ 4 m each = 12 m
θ
6m
INSTRUCTOR:
INSTRUCTOR:
6.71/2 = 3.355
6.71
3m Tanθ=3/6 Θ=26.60
θ
6m
3000 N C 10000 N
3m
B D θ 3m
RACos 300
E
θ REx
A G F
RASin300
6000 N 6000 N REy
3 @ 4 m each = 12 m
∑ME = 0 RAcos300(12) – 3000(9) – 6000(8) – 6000(4) -10000(3.355) = 0

RA = 12,757.5 N
∑Fy = 0 RACos300+ REy -2(6000) -3000 -10000cos θ = 0
12,757.5Cos300+ REy -2(6000) -3000 -10000cos 26.60 = 0
REy = 12,893.2 N
∑Fx = 0
INSTRUCTOR: REx + 10000sinθ – RAsin300= 0
REx + 10000sin26.60 – 12757.5sin300= 0 REx = 1901.2 N

3 Statics 4 Sample Problems

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3 Statics 4 Sample Problems

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Resultant of Force

Uniformly distributed load Uniformly Varying load

500 N 600 N 300 N 800 N R = 800 + 500 − 600 − 300

400 x = 800(5) − 300(3) + 600(2) − 500(4)

+ M A = 4320 (9) + 1080 (12)

5400 x = 4320 (9) + 1080 (12)

1. Compute the resultant of the three forces shown in figure. Locate

x and y components of given forces

Components of inclined loads:

9cosθ=9 (2/2.236) =8.04 9.0 kN

R = (6.02) 2 + (17.04) 2 = 18.07 kN Down to the right

Summation of moments of the components at A

Free Body Diagrams (FBD)

Type of body Sketch of Reacting Bodies Action of body removed

The conditions for equilibrium of concurrent force systems are

PCos25 0 − N F Cos35 0 = 0 N F Sin350 + N F Cos350 (tan 250 ) = 600

P 1050 600 P 1050 600

For equilibrium condition

When Q is applied When Q is removed

For equilbrium of non concurrent force system use

∑ME = 0 RAcos300(12) – 3000(9) – 6000(8) – 6000(4) -10000(3.355) = 0

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