Data Science – Python Dictionary Data Structure

18. PYTHON - DICTIONARY DATA STRUCTURE

Table of Contents
1. Dictionary data structure ................................................................................................................... 2
2. When should we go for dictionary?................................................................................................... 3
3. Creating dictionary ............................................................................................................................. 4
4. Empty dictionary ................................................................................................................................ 4
5. We can add key-value pairs to empty dictionary.............................................................................. 5
6. Access values by using keys from dictionary ..................................................................................... 6
7. Update dictionary............................................................................................................................... 7
7.1.Case 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 7
7.2.Case 2 ............................................................................................................................................ 7
8. Removing or deleting elements from dictionary .............................................................................. 9
9. len(p) function .................................................................................................................................. 11
10. Methods in dict class data structure ............................................................................................. 12
10.1. clear() method ......................................................................................................................... 14
10.2. keys() method .......................................................................................................................... 15
10.3. values() ..................................................................................................................................... 15
10.4. items() ...................................................................................................................................... 16
11. Dictionary Comprehension: ........................................................................................................... 17

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 Data Science – Python Dictionary Data Structure

18. PYTHON - DICTIONARY DATA STRUCTURE

1. Dictionary data structure

✓ If we want to represent group of individual objects as a single entity then

we should go for below data structures,
o list
o set
o tuple

✓ If we want to represent a group of objects as key-value pairs then we

should go for,
o dict or dictionary

✓ We can create dict by using,

o Curly braces {} symbols
o dict() predefined function.

✓ Dictionary data structure contains key, value pairs.

✓ key-value
o In dictionary key, value pairs are separated by colon : symbol
o One key-value pair is called as item.
o In dictionary every item is separated by comma symbol.
o In dictionary duplicate keys are not allowed.
o In dictionary duplicate values can be allowed.
o A dictionary keys and values can store same (Homogeneous) type
of elements.
o A dictionary keys and values can store different (Heterogeneous)
type of elements.

✓ In dictionary insertion order is not preserved means not fixed.

✓ Dictionary size will increase dynamically.
✓ Dictionary object having mutable nature.
✓ Dictionary data structure cannot store the elements in index order.
o Indexing and slicing concepts are not applicable

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Note:

✓ dict is a predefined class in python.

✓ Once if we create dictionary object means internally object is creating for
dict class.

2. When should we go for dictionary?

✓ If we want to represent a group of objects as key-value pairs then we

should go for,
o dict or dictionary

Symbols to create data structure for specific data structure?

✓ To create list, we need to use square bracket symbols : []

✓ To create tuple, we need to use parenthesis symbols : ()
✓ To create set we need to use curly braces with values : {}
✓ So, to create dict we need to use curly braces : {}

Create dictionary

Syntax

d = { key1 : value1, key2 : value2 }

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3. Creating dictionary

✓ We can create dictionary with key, value pairs.

Program creating dictionary

Name demo1.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

print(d)

output
{10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

4. Empty dictionary

✓ We can create empty dictionary.

Program creating empty dictionary

Name demo2.py

d = {}
print(d)
print(type(d))

output
{}
<class ‘dict’>

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5. We can add key-value pairs to empty dictionary

✓ As we know we can create an empty dictionary.

✓ For that empty dictionary we can add key, value pairs.

Program creating empty dictionary and adding elements

Name demo3.py

d = {}
d[10] = "Ramesh"
d[20] = "Arjun"
d[30] = "Daniel"
print(d)

output
{10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}

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6. Access values by using keys from dictionary

✓ We can access dictionary values by using keys

✓ Keys play main role to access the data.

Program Accessing dictionary values by using keys

Name demo4.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

print(d[10])
print(d[20])
print(d[30])

output
Ramesh
Arjun
Daniel

Program Accessing key and value from dictionary using for loop
Name demo5.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

for k in d:
print(k, d[k])

output
10 Ramesh
20 Arjun
30 Daniel

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7. Update dictionary

✓ We can update the key in dictionary.

Syntax
d[key] = value

7.1.Case 1

✓ While updating the key in dictionary, if key is not available then a new
key will be added at the end of the dictionary with specified value.

7.2.Case 2

✓ While updating the key in dictionary, if key is already existing then old
value will be replaced with new value.

Program Case 1: Adding key-value pair to dictionary

Name demo6.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

print("Old dictionary: ",d)

d[99] = "John"
print("Added key-value 99:John pair to dictionary: ", d)

output
Old dictionary: {10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}

Added key-value 99:John pair to dictionary:

{10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: ' Daniel', 99: 'John'}

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Program Case 2: Updating key-value pair in dictionary

Name demo7.py

d = {10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}

print("Old dictionary:", d)

d[30] = 'Chandhu'
print("Updated dictionary 3:Chandhu :", d)

output
Old dictionary: {10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}
Updated dictionary 3:Chandhu : {10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30:
'Chandhu'}

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8. Removing or deleting elements from dictionary

✓ By using del keyword, we can remove the keys

✓ By using clear() method we can clear the objects in dictionary

8.1. By using del keyword

Syntax

del d[key]

✓ As per the syntax, it deletes entry associated with the specified key.
✓ If the key is not available, then we will get KeyError

Program Deleting key in dictionary

Name demo8.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

print("Before deleting key from dictionary: ", d)
del d[10]
print("After deleting key from dictionary: ", d)

output
Before deleting key from dictionary:
{10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}

After deleting key from dictionary:

{20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}

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We can delete total dictionary object

Syntax

del nameofthedictonary

✓ It can delete the total dictionary object.

✓ Once it deletes then we cannot access the dictionary.

Program Delete key in dictionary

Name demo9.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

print(d)
del d
print(d)

output
{10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}
NameError: name ‘d’ is not defined

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9. len(p) function
✓ This function returns the number of items in the dictionary

Program Finding length of dictionary

Name demo10.py

d = {100: "Ramesh", 200: "Arjun"}

print("length of dictionary is: ",len(d))

output
length of dictionary is:2

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10. Methods in dict class data structure

✓ As discussed dict is a predefined class.

✓ So, dict class can contain methods because methods can be created
inside of class only.
✓ We can check these method by using dir(parameter1) predefined
function.

✓ So, internally dict class contains two types of methods,

o With underscore symbol methods.

▪ We no need to focus

o Without underscore symbol methods.

▪ We need to focus much on these

Program Printing dict data structure methods by using dir(dict) function

Name demo11.py

print(dir(dict))

output
[

'__class__', .......'__subclasshook__',

Important methods

'clear', 'items', 'keys', 'values'

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Important point

✓ As per object-oriented principle,

o If we want to access instance methods, then we should access by
using object name.
✓ So, all dict methods we can access by using dict object.

Important methods

✓ clear() method
✓ keys() method
✓ values() method
✓ items() method

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10.1. clear() method

✓ clear() is a method in dict class, we should access this method by using

dictionary object.
✓ This method removes all entries in dictionary.
✓ After deleting all entries, it just keeps empty dictionary

Program removing dictionary object by using clear() method

Name demo12.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30:"Daniel"}

print(d)
d.clear()
print("After cleared entries in dictionary: ", d)

output
{10: 'Ramesh', 20: 'Arjun', 30: 'Daniel'}
After cleared entries in dictionary: {}

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10.2. keys() method

✓ keys() is a method in dict class, we should access this method by using

dict object.
✓ This method returns all keys associated with dictionary

Program keys() method

Name demo13.py

d = {100: "Ramesh", 200: "Daniel", 300: "Mohan"}

print(d)
print(d.keys())

Output

{100: 'Ramesh', 200: 'Daniel', 300: 'Mohan'}

dict_keys([100, 200, 300])

10.3. values()

✓ values() is a method in dict class, we should access this method by using

dict object.
✓ This method returns all values associated with the dictionary

Program values() method

Name demo14.py

d = {100: "Ramesh", 200: "Daniel", 300: "Mohan"}

print(d)
print(d.values())

Output

{100: 'Ramesh', 200: 'Daniel', 300: 'Mohan'}

dict_values(['Ramesh', 'Daniel', 'Mohan'])

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10.4. items()

✓ items() is a method in dict class, we should access this method by using

dict object.
✓ By using this method we can access keys and values from the dictionary.

Program Accessing key and value from dictionary using items() method
Name demo15.py

d = {10: "Ramesh", 20: "Arjun", 30: "Daniel"}

for k, v in d.items():
print(k, v)

output
10 Ramesh
20 Arjun
30 Daniel

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11. Dictionary Comprehension:

✓ A dictionary comprehension represents creating new dictionary from

Iterable object like a list, set, tuple, dictionary and range.
✓ Dictionary comprehensions code is very concise way.

Program Dictionary comprehension

Name demo15.py

squares = {a: a*a for a in range(1,6)}

print(squares)

Output
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

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