SOCIO-CULTURAL ASP

ECT OF HOSPITALITY
AND TOURISM

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Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism
Tourism can provide jobs and improve the wealth of an area. Many dev
eloping countries are keen to develop tourism in order to become richer
and to improve the quality of life for their people. However, when large
numbers of visitors go to one place it is called mass tourism. This can h
ave both positive and negative impacts on the area.
Tourism can create lots of different types of jobs. Most of these are terti
ary jobs.
This is because they involve providing a service to other people.
Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism

Some countries rely heavily on tourism and this can be a pr

oblem if tourists stop coming. Sometimes tourist numbers f
all due to natural disasters such as floods or because of wa
r or unrest.
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS
Social & cultural impact signifies the impact which it creates in terms
of social changes in the lives of local people, improvements in
infrastructure, lifestyle changes etc.

Associated with interactions between peoples and culture b

ackground, attitudes and behaviors, and their relationships
to material goods. The introduction of tourists to sensitive a
reas can be detrimental, cause a loss of culture, or, alternat
ively, contribute to the preservation of culture and cultural si
tes through increased resources.
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS

It is an inherent aspect of tourism is the seeking of authenti

city, the desire to experience a different cultural setting in it
s natural environment. Although cultural tourism provides o
pportunities for understanding and education, there are seri
ous impacts that arise as a result. It is not only the volume
of tourism at work, but the types of social interactions that
occur between tourist and host.
Three broad effects at the local level:

Ø the co modification of culture,

Ø the demonstration effect,
Ø and the acculturation of another culture.
Positive socio-cultural impacts

There are number of benefits for the host community as a r

esult of tourism. This includes economic benefits such as o
pportunities for local businesses which allows for increased
trade among the increased number of visitors and then dev
elops a variety of local businesses. In addition, tourism als
o brings employment opportunities, enhances the economy
of the region, and creates revenue for the local government.
Positive socio-cultural impacts

Tourists also use public services, creating funding for publi

c services, such as health, the police and the fire departme
nt, as well as increasing the demand for public transport. O
ther public facilities, such as parks and benches are also w
ell kept by the community for the tourists, improving the ov
erall aesthetics (of or relating to art or beauty) of the host c
ommunity. On a more social level, tourism leads to intercult
ural interaction.
Positive socio-cultural impacts

. On a more social level, tourism leads to intercultural inter

action. Tourists often engage and learn from the locals. Tou
rism can also increase pride in locals. They want to show o
ff their community that tourists have chosen to visit. The inc
rease in people also leads to creating more social venues
and experiences where locals and tourists can interact
in Entertainment and recreational facilities will allow for mor
e opportunity to socialize and engage with each other.
Positive socio-cultural impacts

Tourism can be beneficial for the host community as it provi

des the financial means and the incentive to preserve cultu
ral histories, local heritage sites, and customs. It stimulates
interest in local crafts, traditional activities, songs, dance, a
nd oral histories. It also opens up the community to the wid
er world, new ideas, new experiences, and new ways of thi
nking.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

1. Cultural Commodification and Exploitation

Over-commercialization: Local traditions, customs, and rituals may be commercialized for tourist en
tertainment, which can lead to a loss of authenticity. Cultural elements may be altered to meet tourists
' expectations, often resulting in the trivialization or misrepresentation of the host culture.
Exploitation of cultural practices: In some cases, sacred sites, religious ceremonies, and historical
artifacts can be exploited for tourism without consideration of their cultural significance. This can creat
e resentment among local populations.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

2. Cultural Erosion

Loss of identity: As tourists bring new customs, values, and behaviors, local communities may grad
ually adopt foreign habits, leading to the erosion of traditional ways of life and cultural identity. This pr
ocess, known as acculturation, can weaken the distinctiveness of local cultures.
Westernization: Tourism often introduces dominant cultures, especially from Western countries, whi
ch can overshadow local cultures and cause locals to adopt Western lifestyles and consumer behavio
rs, undermining traditional practices.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

3. Social Inequality and Division

Income disparities: Tourism development can lead to economic inequalities between those who be
nefit directly (such as hotel owners or guides) and those who do not. This economic divide can result i
n social tension and division within the community.
Exclusion of locals: Large international hotel chains and resorts sometimes hire foreigners for high-
level positions, sidelining locals. This exclusion from key benefits creates frustration and can contribut
e to inequality and feelings of marginalization.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

4. Displacement of Local Communities

Gentrification: The demand for tourist accommodations can drive up property prices and lead to ge
ntrification, displacing local residents. This is particularly common in cities where vacation rentals and
luxury developments push lower-income locals out of their own neighborhoods.
Forced relocation: In some cases, entire communities may be forced to relocate to make way for to
urism infrastructure like resorts, theme parks, or airports, causing social and cultural disruption.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

5. Changes in Local Norms and Behavior

Cultural clashes: The influx of tourists with different values, behaviors, and attitudes can sometimes
clash with local norms. For instance, in conservative societies, behaviors such as public displays of af
fection or immodest dress can cause offense and lead to conflicts between locals and tourists.
Increased crime rates: Tourism may attract criminal activities such as pickpocketing, fraud, and eve
n human trafficking, as areas with large numbers of tourists become lucrative targets for criminals.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

5. Changes in Local Norms and Behavior

Cultural clashes: The influx of tourists with different values, behaviors, and attitudes can sometimes
clash with local norms. For instance, in conservative societies, behaviors such as public displays of af
fection or immodest dress can cause offense and lead to conflicts between locals and tourists.
Increased crime rates: Tourism may attract criminal activities such as pickpocketing, fraud, and eve
n human trafficking, as areas with large numbers of tourists become lucrative targets for criminals.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

6. Standardization and Loss of Cultural Diversity

Globalization of tourism products: Tourism can lead to the standardization of services, food, and ac
commodations to meet international tourists' expectations. This can reduce the diversity and uniquen
ess of local offerings, making destinations lose their distinct character.
Cultural homogenization: The widespread availability of international brands and products in tourist
areas can dilute local culture, making destinations feel similar to each other, leading to a loss of diver
sity in global cultural expressions.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

7. Sex Tourism and Exploitation

Sex tourism: Some destinations become notorious for sex tourism, where foreign visitors engage in
exploitative relationships, often with vulnerable populations such as women and children. This can co
ntribute to human trafficking, exploitation, and long-term social harm.
Degradation of moral values: The presence of sex tourism can lead to the breakdown of traditional
values and further marginalization of vulnerable groups in society.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

8. Cultural Alienation

Tourist enclaves: Large-scale tourism developments can create enclaves where tourists are segreg
ated from the local population. These all-inclusive resorts often offer a "sanitized" version of the destin
ation, cutting tourists off from genuine cultural interaction. This alienation can foster resentment and r
educe opportunities for meaningful cross-cultural exchange.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

8. Cultural Alienation

Tourist enclaves: Large-scale tourism developments can create enclaves where tourists are segreg
ated from the local population. These all-inclusive resorts often offer a "sanitized" version of the destin
ation, cutting tourists off from genuine cultural interaction. This alienation can foster resentment and r
educe opportunities for meaningful cross-cultural exchange.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

9. Demonstration Effect

Influence on local behavior: Locals, particularly younger generations, may observe the lifestyle and
consumption patterns of tourists and seek to emulate them. This demonstration effect can lead to incr
eased materialism, changes in local values, and even social envy.
Negative socio-cultural impacts

10. Cultural Conflicts Over Resource Use

Competition for resources: Tourism can increase demand for local resources such as water, land, a
nd food, sometimes leading to conflicts between locals and tourists. For example, water shortages in t
ourist-heavy areas may negatively impact local agriculture or access to clean drinking water.
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