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Physics Notes - Motion

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3 views

Physics Notes - Motion

Uploaded by

ya.gyal.pillow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion

Distance is This is the amount of space an object has covered.

Displacement is the distance that an object has moved in a particular direction.

Both distance and displacement has to do with the amount of space moved between two points,
however the fundamental difference is that distance is a scalar quantity whilst displacement is a
vector quantity.

• Distance and displacement are measured using the SI unit of length (Meter)

Speed is another aspect of motion. This tells us how fast an object is moving. The speed is
usually taken as an average. The average speed is defined as the distance travelled per unit time.

Velocity however like speed has a consideration of direction. Therefore, the velocity of an
object is the distance travelled per unit time in a particular direction.
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒎
𝑽 = 𝑽= 𝑽 = 𝒎𝒔−𝟏
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒔

Similarly, as above Speed is a scalar quantity as it only has a magnitude whist Velocity is a
vector quantity, in that it has both magnitude and direction.

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity per unit time.

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒎𝒔−𝟏
𝑨= 𝑨= 𝑨 = 𝒎𝒔−𝟐
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒔

0
Prepared by Kimsha Williams
Calculating Acceleration of a body

Velocity over a period is given as the difference between the final velocity (v) and the initial
velocity (u) of the body.

𝑽= 𝒗– 𝒖

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒: 𝑨 = (𝒗 – 𝒖)/𝒕

Equations of Motion
1. s = (v+u)t /2
2. v= u + at
3. v2= u2+ 2as
4. s= ut= ½ at2
s = displacement

u = initial velocity

v = velocity

a = acceleration

t = time

These equations of motion are used to describe the behavior of physical systems in terms of their
motion as a function of time.

Each equation has been rearranged to make individual motion quantities the subject. The best
equation to use to solve a problem is usually selected based on what information is available.
Each equation is missing one of the quantities.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s first law (Law of inertia)

Newton’s first law states that a body at rest would remain at rest and a body in
motion would remain in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external resultant
force.

Uniform motion speaks about moving in a straight line with constant velocity.

Newton’s second law

The force of a moving object proportional to its mass and its acceleration
𝐹 = 𝑚 𝑥 𝑎 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑔 𝑥 𝑚𝑠-2 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑁 = 𝐾𝑔𝑚𝑠-2

Newton’s second law can also be stated as the rate of change of momentum.

Newton’s third law

For every force acting on one object, there is an equal and opposite reaction force
acting on another object.

For example, for every newtons you push against a tree planted firmly in the ground, the
tree pushes back with the same amount of newtons. This force that the tree pushes back
with however acts in the opposite direction to the action force.

These forces are different in that; the action force acts on the tree whilst the resultant
force acts on the person. This accounts for why the forces do not simply cancel each
other out.

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