PRACTICE TEST

A. LISTENING

Task 2:
SECTION A – PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. marathon B. society C. population D. proportion
2. A. double B. enough C. resource D. rough
3. A. congestion B. construction C. pollution D. satisfaction
4. A. mature B. material C. intention D. intensity
5. A. tradition B. combination C. human D. about
II. Choose A, B, C or D which has a different stress pattern from that of the other three.
1. A. annual B. remote C. handicapped D. wounded
2. A. announce B. campaign C. knowledge D. soc D. society
3. A. disappointed B. athletics C. cooperate D. respect
4. A. organizer B. contestant C. appearance D. teenager
5. A. comfortable B. charming C. general D. minority
SECTION B – VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D.
1. _______ of all modern domestic poultry is the red jungle fowl is widely believed.
 A. The ancestor B. The ancestor is C. How the ancestor D. That the ancestor
2. Art critics do not all agree on what _______ a painting great.
A. qualities to make B. are the qualities for making
C. qualities make D. do the qualities that make
3. Farmers supply crops with phosphorus in areas ________ have removed it from the soil.
A. because of long years of cultivation B. where long years of cultivation
C. with long years of cultivation D. by long years of cultivation
4. Sarah congratulated _____ passing my driving test.
A. me B. for C. me on D. on me
5. Had it not been for the intolerable heat in the hall, they _____ much longer.
A. will stay B. would stay C. would be staying D. would have stayed
6. " I thought that the tour began at 3:00. "Oh no, you're .................... It began at 1:30 "
A. too much late here C. here too much late
B. here much too late D. too much here late
7. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to humans _________.
A. are than any other animal B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is D. and any other animal is
8. In the northern and central parts of Idaho and Chuming rivers __________.
A. majestic mountains are found B. found majestic mountains
C. are found majestic mountains D. finding majestic mountains
9. Linda: "It's been a tough couple of months, but I think the worst is behind us now."
Jill: “__________”
A. Good luck! B. Good morning. C. Goodness me! D. Good!
10. I walked away as calmly as I could. __________, they would have thought I was a thief.
A. In case B. If so C. Or else D. Owing to
11. The traffic problem has improved _____, out of the blue, really.
A. gradually B. factually C. unexpectedly D. respectably
12. This picture book, the few pages _____ are missing, is my favorite.
A. of whose B. of that C. to which D. of which
13. It was felt that he lacked the _______ to pursue a difficult task to very end.
A. persuasion B. commitment C. engagement D. obligation
14. Your decision will ______ a great strain on our relationship.
A. impose B. propose C. expose D. suppose
15. We shouldn’t give the children everything they ask for; they will become completely _____.
A. spoilt B. wounded C. damaged D. destroyed
16. The completion of the tunnel has been _______ owing to a strike.
A. held up B. held off C. held on D. held over
17. It is with ________ regret that we have to inform you that your scholarship has been withdrawn.
A. heavy B. deep C. somber D. high
18. Finding the money is just one of the problem .................... in buying a house.
A. gather B. joined C. mixed D. involved
19. Houses in big cities are expensive because land is in ................... supply.
A. short B. brief C. little D. slight
20. He's not very sensible as far as money ................... are concerned.
A. matters B. objects C. things D. aspects
21. He considers shares to be a good ...................... investment.
A. long-time B. long-term C. long-age D. long-run
22. There's no point in telephoning him. He's certain ..................... by now.
A. to leave B. to have left C. left D. having left
23. He still suffers from a rare tropical disease which he ................. while in Africa.
A. infected B. complained C. gained D. contracted
24. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to ..................... heart disease.
A. push off B. put off C. ward off D. throw off
25. The windows don't fit very well and this makes the room awfully .....................
A. airy B. draughty C. breezy D. ventilated
26. I was proud to be ....................... out for special praise for my performance.
A. selected B. singled C. separated D. distinguished
II. Fill in each gap in the passage with the correct form of the word in brackets
Clean freshwater resources are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking,(1)______ (irrigate), industry, and for
plant and animal (2)______ (survive). Unfortunately, the global supply of freshwater is distributed (3)______
(even). Chronic water shortage exist in most of Africa and drought is common over much of the globe. The
sources of most freshwater supplies - groundwater (water located below the soil surface), reservoirs, and rivers
- are under severe and increasing (4) ______ (environment) stress because of (5) ______ (use), water
pollution, and ecosystem (6) ______ (grade). Over 95 percent of urban sewage in developing countries is
discharged (7) ______ (treat) into surface water such as rivers and harbours. About 65 percent of the global
freshwater supply is used in farming and 25 percent is used in industry. Freshwater (9) ______ (conserve)
therefore requires a reduction in wasteful practices like (10) ______ (efficiency) irrigation, reforms in
agriculture and industry, and strict polution controls worldwide.

III. Choose a word or phrase in each of the following sentences that needs correcting.
1. People neglect to put out their campfires completely can spontaneously make great forest fires.
2. What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and policemen who had
been
laid off from their jobs.
3. Bacteria are one of the most abundant life forms on earth, growing on and inside another living things, in
every type of environment.
4. In 1820 there were only 65 daily newspapers in the united states, which total daily circulation of perhaps
100,000.
5. The abilities to work hard, follow directions, and thinking independently are some of the criteria for success
in the workplace.

IV. Choose the word whose SIMILAR meaning to the underlined one.
1. Mr. Black did not affirm his opinions in a positive manner.
A. assert himself B. assuage himself C. arraign himself D. astound himself
2. Soot can penetrate closed windows.
A. make dirty B. stick to C. erode D. enter.
3. His premarure death at the age of 28 is a great loss.
A. violent B. abrupt C. too early D. very mysterious
4. He perceived a change in temperature.
A. was afraid of B. was aware of C. predicted D. explained

SECTION C – READING
I. Choose the most suitable word (marked A, B, C or D) to fill in the gap in the following passage.
The role of translation enabling literature to pass beyond its natural frontiers is receiving growing
recognition. In view of the general increase in this 31 _____ , it is not surprising that many people with literary
interests and a knowledge of languages should think of adopting translating as a full- or part-time 32 _____.
Some advice may usefully be given to such would -be translators.
The first difficulty the beginner will 33 _____ is the unwillingness of publishers to entrust a translator to
anyone who has not already 34 _____ a reputation for sound work. The least publishers will 35_____ before
commissioning a translator is a faily lengthy 36 _____ of the applicant’s work, even if unpublished. Perhaps
the best way the would-be translator can begin is to select some book of the type which he or she feels
competent and eager to translate, translate a 37 _____ section of the book and then submit the book and the
translation to a suitable publisher. If he or she is extremely lucky, this may result in a commission to translate
the book. More probably, however, publishers will 38 _____ the book as such but if they are favorably 39
_____ by the translation, they may very possibly commission some other books of a 40 _____ nature which
they already have in mind.
Question 31: A. field B. category C. group D. class
Question 32: A. work B. employment C. occupation D. line
Question 33: A.encounter B. involve C. reveal D. introduce
Question 34: A. formed B. set C. founded D. established
Question 35: A. instruct B. oblige C. demand D. direct
Question 36: A. instance B. case C. specimen D. model
Question 37: A. substantial B. main C. grand D. plentiful
Question 38: A. exclude B. reject C. object D. disapprove
Question 39: A. impressed B. convinced C. affected D. taken
Question 40: A. common B. same C. similar D. joint

II. Read the following text and choose the best answer for the questions below.
Conservation Strategies
Section A. Although estimates vary, it is believed that approximately 900 different animal species have died
out in the last 500 years. A further 35,000 species are officially recorded as at risk of extinction, though this is
unquestionably an underrepresentation of the true number under threat. The survival chances of only a tiny
proportion of the world's wildlife have been assessed, so it's highly likely that far more species are at risk of
dying out. In fact, estimates on the true number vary enormously but range from 10 million to almost 50
million. Experts have also calculated that 25% of the world's mammals are under threat, and 40% of
amphibians are endangered. Such statistics are undoubtedly alarming. However, numbers alone are not enough
to highlight the seriousness of the issue, or the solutions.
Section B. Of course, it's important to distinguish between cases of preventable animal extinction and
extinction that occurs due to natural evolutionary reasons. Somewhere between 90% and 99% of all the species
that have ever existed have died out. Many species gradually disappear when they are unable to adapt to
changing circumstances such as availability of food or the appearance of new predators. In these cases, other
species evolve to fill the vacant role. The Earth's ecosystems are complex networks of living things, in which
animals, plants and waterways are dependent on one another. Natural extinction helps to maintain the planet's
delicate ecological balance.
Section C. When left undisturbed, nature finds a way to restore itself. However, the natural balance of the
world's ecosystems is changing, leading to significant biodiversity loss. Construction, tourism, mining,
manufacturing and other aspects of human life are responsible for much of the environmental destruction we
see in the world nowadays. Such activities directly lead to the loss of natural habitats, increase pollution and
soil erosion, and also play a major role in climate change. All of this is having a disastrous impact on the
planet's wildlife. Species are disappearing at rates estimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 higher than rates
of natural extinction. There's no doubt that humans have a disproportionately negative impact on the world.
What's less clear is how best to resolve this.
Section D. Wildlife management is far from straightforward, especially given the fact that it requires vast
financial resources. To put this in context, it has been estimated that it costs over a million dollars a year to save
just one single species of condor bird native to one particular area of North America. Since there are currently
fewer than four hundred of these endangered condors in existence, saving each one comes at a cost of over
$2,500 a year. With this in mind, wildlife management often involves weighing up competing environmental
needs, and making painful strategic decisions to prioritise some species over others. The factors influencing
such decisions are extremely complex, and often controversial.
Section E. In recent years, the concept of "conservation triage" has gained increasing attention. This involves
leaving some species to face extinction in order to allocate more resources to species with a greater chance of
survival, or which are perceived to be more important in some way. Conservation triage recognises that it
makes sense to invest our limited resources in species that will have the best environmental outcomes.
However, there is no accepted formula to evaluate the relative merits of saving one species over another. The
lack of consensus regarding which species should be prioritised means that wildlife agencies often adopt
differing approaches when it comes to conservation efforts.
Section F. Some conservation strategies focus entirely on "flagship" species. These are animals promoted as
icons to raise public awareness of environmental issues. They are selected on the basis that they are commonly
regarded as attractive or charismatic, and therefore valued in society. For instance, the possibility that the
beloved giant panda may become extinct has highlighted the importance of protecting natural habitats and
having tighter controls against deforestation. However, while cute animals may generate public sympathy, there
is little evidence that this leads to significant environmental gains. In fact, if images of flagship species appear
too often in marketing, the public may even assume they are no longer endangered.
Section G. Although flagship species may be "cute", the arguments for alternative approaches are more
compelling. It surely makes more sense to prioritise species which make the greatest overall contribution to
nature, regardless of whether they are perceived to be attractive. Keystone species perform essential functions
in ecosystems. For instance, elephants in the wild clear pathways for small animals. Insects and bees are
essential for the pollination and dispersal of tree and plant seeds. Should keystone species disappear, the
survival of all the forms of life in that environment would be at risk. Likewise, indicator species are vital as
they provide valuable information about the condition of natural habitats. Some types of crayfish are used as
indicator species. By monitoring crayfish populations, ecologists can understand more about the overall
condition of our waterways. This clearly highlights the need for a pragmatic rather than a sentimental approach
to conservation.
Questions 56-62
Reading Passage has 7 sections, A-G
Choose the correct headings for sections A-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-viii in answer boxes 1-7.
List of headings
i Helpful species
ii Humanity’s ecological footprint
iii The complexity of conservation
iv The extent of the problem
v Ranking species
vi Species as symbols
vii The failure of wildlife conservation
viii A natural phenomenon
56. Section A ________
57. Section B ________
58. Section C ________
59. Section D ________
60. Section E ________
61. Section F ________
62. Section G ________

Questions 63-68
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 63-68, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
63. It is estimated that around 75,000 species are on the verge of extinction.
64. Many species have naturally died out for the sake of the planet.
65. The Earth’s natural environment has been damaged beyond repair.
66. The condor bird is an example of a creature that has been prioritised in conservation.
67. Efforts to save ‘flagships’ species via marketing can become counterproductive.
68. The author concludes that both emotional and practical arguments should be taken into account when
conducting conservation campaigns.

III. Fill in each numbered gap with one suitable word.

Wild animals play an important part in the (1) ________ of nature and provide us with many important
products. Birds and other small animals help (2) ________ insects. Wild animals provide fur, food and
recreation. They also (3) ________ our surroundings more interesting.
Uncontrolled hunting has destroyed much (4) ________ . People have also harmed animals by
destroying their (5) ________ . Many animals, such as the passenger pigion, have disappeared completely.
Others, including the whopping crane, the blue whale and the American alligator, are in danger of (6)
________.
Sometimes it is necessary to keep animals from becoming too (7) ________ . For example, rabbits and such
rodents as ground squirrels and mice may (8) ________ great damage to crops if they are too abundant. Deer
may eat so much vegetation that the herd will (9) ________ in winter because no food is left. Predators help
hold down the population of their (10) ________ .
SECTION D – WRITING
I. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first one.
1. Regular practice will make us skillful.
We'll....................................................................................................................................................
2. He intended to take a course in economics.
- He had ................................................................................................................................................
3. We must think about ways of improving the transport system .
- Thought must …………………………………………………………………................................
4. She has her hands full so she can’t go shopping.
- She is too ...........................................................................................................................................
5. He was annoyed because his secretary came late to work.
- He objected .......................................................................................................................
X. Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a way
that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Do NOT change the form of these words.
6. If you are in London by any chance, come and see me. (HAPPEN)
→ ................................................................................................................................................
7. Fred tried hard to start the car, but without success. (MATTER)
→ ................................................................................................................................................
8. I didn’t agree with the idea. (FAVOR)
→ ................................................................................................................................................
9. He pretended to be enjoying himself, but he wasn’t really. (AS)
→ ................................................................................................................................................
10. He is certainly not a reliable witness. (MEANS)
→ ................................................................................................................................................