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    Offshore-Wind-Energy-Strategies-Report 12

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    Offshore-Wind-Energy-Strategies-Report 12

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    Offshore-Wind-Energy-Strategies-Report 12

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    Department of Energy | January 2022

    III. Offshore Wind Energy Outlook


    State of the Global Industry. The global offshore wind energy industry is rapidly expanding.
    Offshore wind technology evolved in Northern Europe over the past 20 years and global
    installed capacity now exceeds 30 gigawatts (GW). At the end of 2020, the United Kingdom led
    the world with the most installed capacity at roughly 10.5 GW. 25 The rest of Europe had
    another 13 GW of offshore wind capacity installed across 11 other countries—notably
    Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Denmark. 26 Costs have fallen significantly, such that
    Germany and the Netherlands have achieved several subsidy-free auctions of offshore wind
    energy, 27 although continued reductions are necessary for broad cost competitiveness. Since
    2015, China has installed more offshore wind capacity annually than any other country, with
    over 7 GW installed by the end of 2020.28 The country also has the largest pipeline of projects in
    the planning phase.29 Governments from various countries and the European Union have
    invested in developing and demonstrating innovative technologies. Private industry continues
    to invest in research and development (R&D), often collaborating with other entities such as
    government agencies, research institutions, colleges and universities, and national laboratories.

    The U.S. industry has lagged Northern Europe’s, for a number of reasons. Electricity prices tend
    to be lower in the United States than in Europe, so it is more difficult for new technologies to
    be cost competitive in the U.S. market. Prior to states enacting mandates for offshore wind
    energy procurement, the United States lacked the supportive policies that drove the first
    decade-plus of European offshore wind energy deployment. In addition, many entities are
    involved in the processes required to site and permit power plants in Federal waters and route
    cables through state waters, taking significant coordination and time. Needing to navigate
    unprecedented and evolving processes means that early projects have missed deadlines and
    struggled to secure power purchase agreements.

    State of the Domestic Industry and Recent Progress. As of June 2021, the United States has
    seven operating offshore wind turbines in two small projects totaling 42 MW of installed
    capacity, and 17 active commercial lease areas in Federal waters 30 with 15 commercial projects
    that are actively in permitting in those lease areas (see Appendix A4). As discussed in greater
    detail later, the Federal Government has recently committed to rapidly increase the scale of
    offshore wind development in the United States and progress is being made to do so. Over the

    25 Musial, Walt, Beiter, Philipp, Spitsen, Paul, Duffy, Patrick, Marquis, Melinda, Cooperman, Aubryn, Hammond, Robert, Shields,
    Matt. 2021. Offshore Wind Market Report: 2021 Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy
    Efficiency & Renewable Energy. https://energy.gov/eere/wind/articles/offshore-wind-market-report-2021-edition-released.
    26 Ibid
    27 Jansen, M., Staffell, I., Kitzing, L. et al. Offshore wind competitiveness in mature markets without subsidy. Nat Energy 5, 614–

    622 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0661-2.


    28 Musial, Walt, Beiter, Philipp, Spitsen, Paul, Duffy, Patrick, Marquis, Melinda, Cooperman, Aubryn, Hammond, Robert, Shields,

    Matt. 2021. Offshore Wind Market Report: 2021 Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy
    Efficiency & Renewable Energy. https://energy.gov/eere/wind/articles/offshore-wind-market-report-2021-edition-released.
    29 Ibid
    30 For leasing status, see BOEM State Activities.

    Offshore Wind Energy Strategies | Page 4

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