2024, GIST, Class 7, Light

CLASS- VII
SCIENCE
GIST of CHAPTER : LIGHT
1.LIGHT IS THE form of energy THAT MAKES THINGS VISIBLE TO US.
• An object which emits its own light is called luminous object e.g. Sun,
lighted candle.
Non-luminous objects does not emit any light, but are visible by reflecting
light from the luminous sources e.g. Moon, Metals Furniture.
2. Light travels in a straight line (Rectilinear propagation of light).
An object that does not allow light to pass through is called opaque object like
book.
An object that allows light to pass through is called transparent object like glass.
An object that allows some light to pass through it is called translucent object like
frosted glass.
Pinhole Camera:
The image formed in a pinhole camera is inverted both vertically and
horizontally.
This is because light travels straight through the pinhole.
Image size depends on- (i) distance between object and pinhole and
(ii) distance between screen and pinhole.
Regular reflection: Reflection from a shiny and smooth surface like a plane
mirror is regular reflection
Diffuse reflection: Reflection from dull and rough surface like cinema
screen is diffuse or irregular reflection
Plane mirror: The image formed in a plane mirror is- virtual, erect, of the
same size as the object, laterally inverted and at the same distance behind
the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.
3. Reflection of light: When a ray of light strikes any surface, it changes its
direction of travel by following the laws of reflection i.e. (i) The incident ray,
reflected ray and normal to the surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same
plane and (ii) The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection
4. Real and Virtual image –
Real image: It is formed by the actual intersection of light rays after reflection.
It can be obtained on a screen. Hence, projectors form real images on the cinema
screen.
Virtual image: It is formed when the light rays appear to be originating from a
point after reflection but does not actually meet. It can be seen by human eyes.
Hence, Plane mirrors form virtual images.
5.Plane mirror:
Characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror- (i) Virtual,(ii)
Upright/erect(iii) Same size as the object(iv) laterally inverted (v) Object distance
= Image distance
LATERAL INVERSION IS A PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS WHEN AN OBJECT'S IMAGE IN A

MIRROR APPEARS TO BE INVERTED ON ITS SIDES, WITH THE LEFT SIDE APPEARING RIGHT
AND THE RIGHT SIDE APPEARING LEFT.
6.Spherical Mirrors (Convex and Concave):

Focus-The point where parallel rays of light falling on a curved surface actually
meet or seem to come from after reflection from the surface is called the focus
(F) of the curved surface.
Concave mirrors-
If the object is situated at very far away from the mirror then image is real,
point sized, inverted and formed at principal focus.
If the object is situated far away from the mirror (beyond principal focus)
then the image formed is real, inverted and in front of the mirror.
If the object is closer than the focus then image is formed behind the mirror and
image is virtual, enlarged, upright or erect.
Uses: As i) Shaving mirror, ii) search light, iii) head lights of vehicle.
Convex mirrors-
If the object is situated close to the mirror or far away then the image formed
is virtual, diminished, erect and formed behind the mirror.
Uses: As i) Security mirrors ii) rear-view mirrors.
7. Refraction & Lens: Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from one
medium to another.
Lens- A Lens is a piece of transparent material with curved surfaces that is used
to form images. The image formed by a lens is due to refraction.
Common types of lenses are: Biconcave & Biconvex lenses
Biconvex lens- If the object is situated very far away from lens then the image
formed is real, inverted, point sized and formed at principal focus.
If the object is situated beyond principal focus then the image formed is real,
inverted. Size of image depends on the distance of object from lens and the image
is formed on other side of the lens.
If the object is closer than the focus then image is formed on same side of the
lens as the object. Image is virtual, enlarged, erect.
Biconcave lens- If the object is situated close to lens or far away from lens
then the image is formed on the same side of the lens as the object. Image is
virtual, diminished and erect.
8. Spectrum of white light - White light is composed of seven different colors

of light, namely Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange & Red (VIBGYOR).
White light can be split into these seven colors of light .These set of colors formed
on splitting white light are called the spectrum of white light.
When the disc rotates, all the colours pass through the same spot rapidly. This
has the effect of all the component colours of white light mixing together to
give the net effect of pale white colour of light.

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CLASS- VII

2. Light travels in a straight line (Rectilinear propagation of light).

LATERAL INVERSION IS A PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS WHEN AN OBJECT'S IMAGE IN A

6.Spherical Mirrors (Convex and Concave):

8. Spectrum of white light - White light is composed of seven different colors

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