Shoaib Shipping Asigenmnet

assignment #01
Shipping in supply chain
NAME :- SHOAIB ALI SHAH

ENROLLMENT:- 01-111191-125
CLASS:- BBA 8M
Contents
IMPORTANCE OF FOLLOWING GLOBAL STRATEGIC SEA PORTS................................................2
IMPACT OF OIL PRICES ON SHIPPING SUPPLY CHAIN...................................................................3
VARIOUS SHIPPING DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CARGO:................4
QUESTION 4 POLLUTION AND SAFETY AT SEA...............................................................................5
PENALTIES IN SHIPPING I.E. DEMURRAGE, DETENTION CHARGES, QUARANTINE ETC........5
PORT CHARGES AND SUEZ CANAL CROSSING CHARGES.............................................................5
TERRITORIAL WATERS, EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ), CONTINENTAL SHELF...........6
Types of Container Ships on basis of sizes..................................................................................................6
DEFINE / BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWINGS:
IMPORTANCE OF FOLLOWING GLOBAL STRATEGIC SEA
PORTS
 Gwadar, Pakistan
Gwadar Port holds strategic significance due to its prime location and the
massive investments by China to provide world-class facilities of docking at the port. The port has
increased the existing economic and strategic interdependence between China and Pakistan. Gwadar can
possibly fill in as Pakistan's global exchange center. Focal Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East would
be in every way associated through Gwadar Port. It would set out new position open doors and help
Baluchistan's turn of events. It would give unfamiliar stores, deregulation zones, and uncommon financial
zones (SEZ) to help Baluchistan's and Pakistan's monetary success.
 Fujairah, UAE
Fujairah is the UAE' just admittance to the Indian Ocean
because of its essential area. It runs a multipurpose port with admittance to the world's significant
delivery courses, and it is home to a portion of the world's biggest domesticated animals
transporting organizations. Mining and stone pounding are two other nearby enterprises that have
profited from the new development blast in Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
 Chahbahar, Iran
It is Iran's just remote ocean port with direct sea access, It is considered a gateway
to golden opportunities for trade by India, Iran and Afghanistan with Central Asian countries.
just as its status as a key travel center point on the district's thriving International North-South
Transport Corridor, give it the possibility to become one of the locale's most significant business
centers.
 Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia

Ras Tanura, likewise, spelled Ras Tannura, Arabic
Ras Al-Tannrah, is a Persian Gulf port on the tip of a little promontory in eastern Saudi Arabia, It
has the largest oil-exporting terminal in the Kingdom and a major oil refinery Ras Tanura Port
Upgrade is to improve the safe turnaround time of the vessels loading/offloading, to
accommodate for the rapid expansion of offshore oil and gas operations in the Arabian Gulf.
 Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rotterdam is Europe's major port. It is especially important to the
transport and logistics sectors, and the petrochemical and energy industriesAs Europe's largest seaport, it
is a pioneer in the energy transition and is committed to digitization to improve the port's efficiency and
that of the supply chain. Rotterdam's port is a major international trade hub and home to some of the
world's most important industrial clusters.
 The Singapore port

The Port of Singapore is known as the world's most active
holder port. The Port of Singapore, which provides services and facilities for ships to dock, load
and unload goods, has always been a key contributor to Singapore's economy and growtht. It
likewise moves half of the world's yearly unrefined petroleum supply and a fifth of the world's
steel trailers.
 Shanghai, China
Shanghai port is one of the most notable ports on the planet, The Port of Shanghai is a critically important
transport hub for the Yangtze River region and the most important gateway for foreign trade. Shanghai
port's unfamiliar exchange represents around 20% of China's seaside port throughput, and the public
authority utilizes the port to carry out an entryway strategy and partake in the worldwide economy.
 The port Hong Kong

The port of Hong Kong is the world's leading port in terms of
handling and operating container vessels. It is a major hub in the Southeast and East Asian
regions. Hong Kong is the world's eighth biggest exchanging substance, and it is especially
significant as an intersection for exchange among China and the United States, Japan, Southeast
Asia, and Taiwan.
IMPACT OF OIL PRICES ON SHIPPING SUPPLY CHAIN
Fuel costs can represent

up to 50-60% of the total ship operating costs, depending on the size of the vessel. So, we can
say that when oil prices are on the rise, it is not a good sign for the shipping industry. There’s a
lot at stake when fuel costs rise. For example, if one cargo ship ends up paying less in fuel than
the others, this means those other cargo ships must pick up the cost, which isn’t a good business
model when the oil prices rise. The expense of fuel, thus, influences the transportation
organization, yet additionally on the transporter and the transporter's benefit source.
VARIOUS SHIPPING DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORTATION
OF CARGO:
1. Packing list
It's an exhaustive rundown of the freight recorded on the Commercial Invoice.
2. Business Invoice
When delivering your sea cargo, the Commercial Invoice is quite
possibly the most critical document. It's the bill that the merchant (exporter) ships off the purchaser
(shipper). In the tradition’s leeway process, it is required.
3. Send out/Import Customs Declaration

The merchandise that are imported or traded are recorded in an Export or Import Customs
Declaration The Declaration is utilized to clear traditions and work out any material obligations
or duties on the freight.
4. Bill of Lading and Sea Waybill

It is a significant piece of the sea cargo and
confirmation that the transporter got the products in great condition from the transporter.
5. Appearance Notice
It contains relevant data like the ware depiction, cruising subtleties, objective country customs
charges, and the sea cargo transporter's contact data.
6. Declaration of Origin
This record contains data about the item, its planned objective, and the
sending out country. It's a pivotal record since it decides if merchandise is qualified for import and
regardless of whether they'll be dependent upon obligations.
7. Letter of Credit
This archive is a bank's guarantee to the exporter in the interest of the purchaser to pay a predefined
aggregate in a concurred cash.
QUESTION 4 POLLUTION AND SAFETY AT SEA
One of the most impressive

wellsprings of contamination adrift is the delivery business, which is exclusively answerable for marine
and freight transportation. With more than 70% of our planet canvassed in water, the marine business is
developing continuously. With such quick modern turn of events, undesirable issues, for example, marine
waste and contamination impacts will undoubtedly disturb the marine environmental framework. Marine
waste, just as the trash it creates, has been distinguished as a significant wellspring of contamination on
the planet's seas. Reusing waste is another idea for decreasing marine contamination that is being carried
out locally available marine vessels, especially luxury ships, where waste delivered is multiple times that
of customary marine tasks.
PENALTIES IN SHIPPING I.E. DEMURRAGE, DETENTION

CHARGES, QUARANTINE ETC.
At the point when you're late with your holders, you'll face demurrage
and detainment charges. Demurrage and confinement charges will be added the day you surpass your
number of free days. They will do as such consistently until you return the compartments to the assigned
area. Cargo forwarders might observe such high routine set of expenses charges out of line and
irrational. Notwithstanding, transporting lines guarantee that their holders are utilized effectively. At the
point when a transporter or delivery line's compartments aren't returned inside the permitted free days,
demurrage and detainment become an integral factor. The quantity of days a transporter can utilize the
compartment free of charge is controlled by the quantity of free days. Assuming that the client's extra
energy is surpassed, the person in question will be charged a demurrage and confinement expense.
PORT CHARGES AND SUEZ CANAL CROSSING CHARGES

The expenses that
delivery organizations and their clients pay to port experts for the utilization of the port's offices and
administrations are alluded to as port charges. Port charges can represent a huge piece of the last cost of
customer merchandise. Transport duty, merchandise levy, and, on account of blended use or traveler
ships, traveler contribution are probably the most well-known expenses, Suez Canal toll fees can range
from between US$400,000 to US$700,000 per vessel. Reduced demand for sea freight due to the
coronavirus pandemic means that there is no longer a pressing need to keep voyages short.
TERRITORIAL WATERS, EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ),
CONTINENTAL SHELF
In global law, regional waters allude to the space of the ocean
quickly contiguous a state's shores and dependent upon that state's regional ward. Regional
waters are in this way recognized from the high oceans, which are shared by all nations, and
inward or inland waters, for example, lakes that are totally encircled by a public area or certain
narrows or estuaries. The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a part of the sea where just a single
nation has authorization to investigate and lead financial exercises like mining submerged assets
and fishing. Because of islands a long way from the central area, the EEZ starts at the islands'
coasts. The expression "mainland rack" alludes to the piece of the mainland edge that lies
between the coastline and the rack break, or, without a trace of a noticeable incline, between the
coastline and where the profundity of the superjacent water is around 100 to 200 meters.
Types of Container Ships on basis of sizes

1. Panamax ship
Panamax and New Panamax can be defined as ships travelling through the Panama Canal. The
limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Authority in a publication titled
"Vessel Requirement.
2. Suezmax ships
Suezmax ships can transit the Suez Canal in a loaded condition and is almost completely used in
reference to tankers. The limiting factors are beam, draft, height, and length.
3. Post-panamax ships
Post-Panamax represent those ships which are larger than Panamax canal and they do not fit in
the original canal locks, such as supertankers and the largest modern container and passenger
ships.
4. Post-Suezmax
represent those ships which are larger than Suezmax canal and they do not fit in the original
canal locks.
5. Post-Malaccamax
The Post-Malaccamax is the largest type of container ship. Title of 'the largest container ship in
the world' goes to the Ever Ace, at 1312 ft/ 400 m long and with capacity for nearly 24,000
containers.
On the basis of their size, tankers are further divided into
various types such as:
 VLCC
VLCC belongs to a class of large oil tanker, larger than Suezmax and smaller
than ULCC. VLCC tankers are in the range of 200-320 DWT. They are used mostly for crude oil
shipping.
 ulcc
Ultra large crude carrier. ULCC refers to the largest class of oil tanker, which is larger
than VLCC. ULCC tankers are in the range of 320-560 DWT. They are used exclusively for
crude oil shipping.
 panamax
Panamax vessel ranges from 50,000 to 80,000 deadweight tons (DWTs). these vessels
are normally 965 feet long, with a 106-foot beam, and a 39.5 -foot draft.
 Aframax
AFRAMAX vessels refer to ships between 80,000 and 120,000 deadweight tons.
This ship size is popular with oil companies for logistical purposes, and, therefore, many ships
have been built within these specifications.
 Suezmax
Suezmax refers to a class of medium-sized oil tanker, larger than Aframax and smaller than
VLCC. Suezmax tankers are in the range of 120-180 DWT. They are used mostly for crude oil
shipping
 Capesize
Capesize ships are the largest dry cargo ships with ball mark dimension: about 170,000 DWT
capacity, 290 m long, 45 m beam, 18m draught. They are too large to transit the Suez Canal or
Panama Cana
 Handymax
Handymax ships are mainly built in the Asian shipyards and are used to carry cargo like cement,
steel, lumber and even ores. The most important feature of these vessels is that they can be
utilized to carry any kind of dry bulk cargo and unload them even in the smallest of ports and
docks.
 Lighter
lighter, shallow-draft boat or barge, usually flat-bottomed, used in unloading (lightening) or
loading ships offshore. The use of lighters requires extra handling and thus extra time and
expense and is largely confined to ports without enough traffic to justify construction of piers or
wharves.
6. Handy
Handysize are the medium bulk carriers of between 24000 ~ 35000 DWT ( 130 - 150 m length &
10m draft ). They can carry cargoes to a large number of ports, may carry considerable variety
and quantity of bulk cargoes

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assignment #01

Shipping in supply chain

NAME :- SHOAIB ALI SHAH

 Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia

 The Singapore port

 The port Hong Kong

IMPACT OF OIL PRICES ON SHIPPING SUPPLY CHAIN

Fuel costs can represent

3. Send out/Import Customs Declaration

4. Bill of Lading and Sea Waybill

One of the most impressive

PENALTIES IN SHIPPING I.E. DEMURRAGE, DETENTION

PORT CHARGES AND SUEZ CANAL CROSSING CHARGES

Types of Container Ships on basis of sizes

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