1

User's Guide and Reference

MediaLab v2014

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

 2 MediaLab v2014

MediaLab v2014 Users's Guide

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and
retrieval systems - without the written permission of Empirisoft Corporation.

Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and/or registered
trademarks of the respective owners. The publisher and the author make no claim to these
trademarks.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the
author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of
information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may
accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any
other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this
document.

Last Modified: March 2014, New York, NY.

Empirisoft Corporation
347 West 39th Street, 13th Floor
New York, NY 10018

Website: www.empirisoft.com

Technical support is available from support.empirisoft.com

Information regarding contact via regular mail, email and phone is available at
www.empirisoft.com/company.aspx.

DirectRT, DirectIN and MediaLab are trademarks of Empirisoft Coporation.

 I

Table of Contents

Part I MediaLab Overview 1

Features
................................................................................................................................... 1
Setup ................................................................................................................................... 4
Key Concepts
................................................................................................................................... 6

Part II Main Program Window 8

Run ................................................................................................................................... 9
Navigation
................................................................................................................................... 10

Part III Experiment Editor 11

File ................................................................................................................................... 12
Edit ................................................................................................................................... 14
Options
................................................................................................................................... 15
Window
................................................................................................................................... 15
Printing
................................................................................................................................... 16
Editing Tips and Tricks
................................................................................................................................... 17

Part IV Experiment (.exp) Files 20

Key Concepts
................................................................................................................................... 20
Overview Window
................................................................................................................................... 21
Condition
................................................................................................................................... 25
Position
................................................................................................................................... 25
File ................................................................................................................................... 26
BackGround
................................................................................................................................... 27
BackSound
................................................................................................................................... 28
BackVideo
................................................................................................................................... 28
Randomize Within Groups
................................................................................................................................... 29
Randomize Between Groups
................................................................................................................................... 30
Parameters
................................................................................................................................... 31

Part V Questionnaire (.que) Files 34

Key Concepts
................................................................................................................................... 34
Overview Window
................................................................................................................................... 35
BackGround
................................................................................................................................... 39
BackSound
................................................................................................................................... 40
BackVideo
................................................................................................................................... 41
Filename
................................................................................................................................... 41
GoBack
................................................................................................................................... 42
Item Type
................................................................................................................................... 43
Item Wording/File
................................................................................................................................... 53

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

I
 II MediaLab v2014

Labels................................................................................................................................... 55
Name................................................................................................................................... 56
Omit Conditions
................................................................................................................................... 57
Parameters
................................................................................................................................... 57
Position
................................................................................................................................... 64
Randomize Within Groups
................................................................................................................................... 64
Randomize Between Groups
................................................................................................................................... 65
Skip To
................................................................................................................................... 66
Text Labels
................................................................................................................................... 67
Write ...................................................................................................................................
to Data File 68
Write ...................................................................................................................................
Data as Text 69
Write ...................................................................................................................................
Reaction Time 69

Part VI Data 70
Data FAQ
................................................................................................................................... 72

Part VII Samples 76

Samples
................................................................................................................................... 77

Part VIII Preferences and Options 82

Preferences and Options
................................................................................................................................... 83

Part IX Custom Items 88

Repeating Custom Items
................................................................................................................................... 91
Single...................................................................................................................................
Vs. Multiple Variables 92
Variable Reference
................................................................................................................................... 94
Samples
................................................................................................................................... 97

Part X Advanced Features 99

Calculated Scores
................................................................................................................................... 101
Complex Skips
................................................................................................................................... 102
Post-Session Reports
................................................................................................................................... 102
Tips ................................................................................................................................... 103

Part XI Tips and Notes 104

Specifying File Paths
................................................................................................................................... 104
Sizing Images and Movies
................................................................................................................................... 105
Miscellaneous Features
................................................................................................................................... 106
Trouble Shooting Tips
................................................................................................................................... 109

Index 111

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

 1

Getting Started
MediaLab Features 1 and Setup 4

Introduction and Key Concepts 6

Main Menu Commands 8

Designing Experiments and

Questionnaires
MediaLab Experiment Editor 20

MediaLab Experiment (.exp) Files 34

MediaLab Questionnaire (.que) Files 34

MediaLab Preferences and Other Options 83

MediaLab Samples 76

Welcome to the PDF documentation for MediaLab v2014. You can search this
documentation using Adobe Acrobat's search tool or by using the table of contents or
index at the end of the document. We have designed this document for easy printing
from Acrobat should you prefer a hard copy manual. Note that all of the information
contained in this document can also be accessed via the interactive help system located
in MediaLab's Help menu, or by clicking on the file named "interactive users guide" in the
C:\MediaLab\Help folder after installation.
If you are new to MediaLab, we suggest you start by running the on-line tutorial from
the Help menu of the main program window. You can also access a number of additional
(zipped) samples 76 in the C:\MediaLab\Samples folder.
If you have a question that these help files do not answer, please visit our support site
at support.empirisoft.com or visit www.empirisoft.com/company.aspx to contact us
directly.

1.1 Features

Examples of General Features

Define as many experimental conditions 6 as you like.

Flexible randomization features.

Randomize items within a single group 64 and the order in which groups of items 65
are presented.
Randomization routines at both the experiment level 29 and within questionnaires 64 .

Simple and complex skip patterns 66 . Base skips on any prior response, or even
combinations of prior responses 102 .
Calculate scores and other variables 101 while a session is running--present them on
screen as stimuli, use them in skip patterns 102 , or in post-session reports 102 .
Create and optionally print summary reports 102 from each session with graphs,
summary data, scale scores.
2 MediaLab v2014

Embed your own or third-party programs 44 within an experiment or questionnaire.

Create your own custom questionnaire items 88 using standard HTML forms--MediaLab
will intercept the posted data!
Run DirectRT 43 or Inquisit 47 sessions from within your MediaLab experiment.

Create multiple custom preference settings 84 with choices of fonts and display colors.

Context sensitive help such that pressing F1 at any time will help you with what you
are currently doing.
Option of on-the-fly editing 83 of Word and WordPerfect documents—edit them as you
run through your experiment.
Resolution Independent 105 . Compatible with screen displays from 640x480 to
1600x1200 and beyond.
Easy-to-use intuitive interface--no programming code necessary for all but custom
items 88 .
Compatible with most non-English fonts 85 (e.g., Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Greek).

Customize all standard feedback messages 86 and/or translate into alternate

languages.
Optionally run experiments from a CD-ROM or Server 9 on LAN.

Communicate with external equipment 62 for trial synchronization (e.g., psychophys

equipment).
Receive input from external devices 107 such reponse boxes and precision keyboards.

Run sessions automatically 9 from other programs and batch files.

Examples of Flexible Questionnaire Design

Scale responses 50 with up to 12 closed ended responses.

Multiple response 47 (select all that apply) responses.

Fill-in-the blank 44 responses (free or restricted).

Ranking 49 allows subjects to drag and drop words, phrases or pictures to sort them
by any criterion.
Essay-type 44 responses.

Thought listings 51 and recall listings 49 .

Have subjects rate their own thought-listing 51 responses on any dimension.

Easy text-based instructions 47 for any question.

Voice Responses 51 with optional voice response times.

Present HTML 45 and other web pages with active hyperlinks. Internet Explorer
browsing engine can display anything that IE can handle.
Track browsing behavior 52 as subjects navigate through local HTML files or the World
Wide Web. Track every URL the subject follows and record in and out times.
Present Microsoft Word 52 and Microsoft PowerPoint 48 shows within your experiment
or questionnaires.
 3

Gather on-line continuous rating data 48 during audio and video clips.

Skip pattern capability 66 when a particular closed ended response is given.

Questionnaire items can be omitted 57 in specified conditions.

Easily modify and re-use 34 your questionnaires in other experiments.

Option of self-paced or time-limited responses 60 .

Allow subjects to return to previous questions 42 if necessary.

Embed subjects' responses 53 in subsequent question wordings.

Create multiple style configurations 84 (e.g., colors and fonts) for use within the same
experiment or questionnaire.
Can't find what you need? Design your own custom items 88 using HTML forms.

Example of Multi-Media Capability

Present graphics 46 (.bmp, .jpg, and .gif).

Present sound 50 files (.wav, .mp3).

Present video 47 (.avi, .mpg, .mov, .rm, .ra, .asf and more).

Present combinations of graphics 39 , sound 40 , video 41 and questionnaire items.

Present HTML, Flash, java, ASP and any other browser compatible files 45 .

Optional parameters 57 allow you to set the screen location of images and movies as
well as set the size of video clips all the way up to full screen.

Examples of Data Features

Writes data 70 to an easy-to-analyze .CSV text file and SPSS .SAV file.

Your choice of which variables 68 and to write to the data file.

Smart data structuring so results from multiple conditions can be viewed in a single
Excel or SPSS file. You can start analyzing your results immediately.

Two sets of data files are produced, one organized by questionnaires 71 , the other by
variable names 71 .
Includes a utility to merge 73 .CSV and .TXT data files collected on different computers.

Optionally write reaction time 69 data for any response to the data file.

Optionally write data from multiple computers to a single folder on your network 83 .
 4 MediaLab v2014

1.2 Setup

System Requirements
For most uses, MediaLab v2014 will run well on any PC system or Mac (e.g., via
BootCamp), running Windows XP or Windows 7. At least 256 Mb of RAM is recommended.
If large experiments and/or large multi-media files are going to be used frequently, then
additional RAM is advisable though not necessary. Video cards with at least 16 Mb of
video memory also are recommended.
It is recommended that you also install Microsoft Office on machines that will be running
MediaLab. These programs allow MediaLab to present documents fully formatted by Word
and slide shows prepared in PowerPoint and allow you to execute a number of features
using the conditional logic of Excel. Although MediaLab will work fine without them, these
programs perform cooperatively with MediaLab to produce some very impressive
functionality. Microsoft's Internet Explorer version 7 or later is required in order for
MediaLab to present custom items and other HTML formatted pages (whether stored
locally or on the internet). Finally, it is necessary to have a spreadsheet application (e.g.,
Excel, SPSS) installed in order to view the data files produced by MediaLab (although the
.txt and .csv data files can also be viewed in any text editor).

Backward Compatibility
If you are accustomed to using a previous version of MediaLab (v1998/v3-v2012), you
should be able to continue using v2014 without having to learn anything new. v2014 is
backward compatible so that MediaLab experiments from all previous versions should run
the same as they always have without requiring modification. Of course, be sure to
confirm compatibility for yourself with any old experiments prior to scheduling
participants. As we continue to updated v2014 with new fixes and features, we will post
the changes on our support site at:
http://www.empirisoft.com/support/forumdisplay.php/50-MediaLab-v2014-Version-History

Installation
To install MediaLab, download and run ml2014.x.x.exe (where x.x is the specific release)
available from http://empirisoft.com/Download.aspx?index=4. If installing from a CD-ROM
then simply double-click on the ml2014.x.x exe file located on the CD. The installation
program will guide you through the set-up procedure. After the setup is complete, follow
the security instructions below to gain authorization for the workstation to run MediaLab.

1.Note to Network Adm inistrators:

Users will require read/write access to the MediaLab folder following installation. If they do
not have read/write permission for the folder, the license check may fail and will cause a
new code to be generated. The installation should grant these rights to all users
automatically, but if not then they may need to be set as follows by someone with
administrator-level access:
Step 1. When logged on as an administrator, this can be done by right clicking on the
MediaLab folder and selecting Properties and then Security and ensuring that regular users
have Read/Write permission. If you do not see a Security tab, then try Step 2.
Step 2. Open Folder Options in the Windows Control Panel. On the View tab, make sure Use
simple file sharing is not checked. It should be one of the last options. With that
unchecked, you should now get a security tab when checking the properties of folders.
Try Step 1 again—that should do it.
 5

Security
To help control unauthorized distribution and use of MediaLab, it has been secured with
ATX™ software protection. MediaLab will not run on any machine until this security has
been disabled. To disable the security follow these steps:
Install and run MediaLab.

You will receive a message that the current workstation requires authorization to use
the software, and a code number will be displayed.
E-mail the code to sales@empirisoft.com.

If you are an authorized user, you will receive a translation of this code which will be a
registration number unique for the machine on which you have installed MediaLab
(usually the same day). Then, re-start MediaLab and enter the six-digit code provided
to you. MediaLab should now be fully functional. Important: ATX codes are unique to
every machine. Be sure to get authorization for each machine that will be using the
software. If you have any difficulty at all with this procedure, please contact us for
assistance via sales@empirisoft.com.
Trial users may request a code that will enable MediaLab to run for 21 days.

Alternative Solution for Verifying Licenses

Tired of entering all those authorization codes? If you belong to a school that has
purchased a departmental site license then we can hard code your department's IP prefix
into MediaLab so that ANY machine starting with that prefix (e.g., 123.456.789.*) will
start up right away if the code 99999 is entered. Multiple patterns can be accommodated.
Ask sales@empirisoft.com for details.

Reinstalling MediaLab
If you are upgrading to a new version you will be asked to uninstall the existing version.
Experiments, data folders, preferences, and licenses will not be affected by uninstalling.
Of course, we recommend backing up experiment data and any existing MediaLab files
(e.g., any .que and .exp files) before making any changes to your system.

System Settings
The following are suggestions for your general system set-up:

True colors
To allow for the full range of colors usable by MediaLab, it is recommended that you use
16, 24, or 32 bit color. Some older systems are set by default to 8 bit, which provides for
only 256 colors (colors or color ranges may appear as dots, patterns, or solid regions). To
change these settings, open the Display properties in your computer's Control Panel, and
select Settings. Select the highest color range possible. 24 and 32 bit color ranges are
both capable of displaying close to the full range of colors detectable by the human eye.

Show file extensions

MediaLab frequently makes use of file extensions. These are the three-letters following
the period on file names (e.g., .exe, .doc, .mpg). For this reason, it is advisable that you
don't instruct Windows to hide these from you. To set this as a default:
Open any folder and select Tools from the pull down menu. Select Folder Options, and
 6 MediaLab v2014

then View. Deselect the option to have Windows Hide File Extensions. It is also useful to
have Windows Display the Full Path in Title Bar as well as Smooth Edges of Screen Fonts.
The latter setting should be on by default in Windows 7. In XP, the option can be found
in Control Panel > Display > Effects.

Task bar NOT always on top.

It is possible to have the windows task bar always on top. This is not recommended for
use on machines that will be running MediaLab as it gives participants easy access to the
system, and it can obstruct some important features of MediaLab. To deselect this option,
right click on the task bar and then click on Properties. Always on top can be de-selected
here if you wish. Note the key sequence Ctrl+Esc will make the task bar re-appear at any
time.

Screen Resolution
Although MediaLab was designed to work in all screen resolutions, how things look may
depend on the resolution you choose. Certain items may need to be repositioned with
the left and top parameters when running in high resolution modes. If you are working
on different computers, it is often best to pick a single resolution for your experiment
(e.g., 1024x768). To change these settings, open the Display properties in your
computer's Control Panel, and select Settings (Windows XP) or right click on your desktop
and select Screen Resolution (Windows 7).

1.3 Key Concepts

The Basic Idea

You need three things to conduct a MediaLab experiment. First, you need the materials or
stimuli you want to show participants. In many cases, you may simply have a number of
instructions and questions you want to give participants. Although MediaLab has the
capability to present many file types, some people just want to administer a basic
questionnaire. If this is the case, then you should find MediaLab an extremely easy way
to do this. However, if you want to show images, play sound files or movie clips, display
Word documents, PowerPoint shows, HTML pages, or execute other stand-alone
programs, you will find MediaLab to be extremely cooperative in this respect as well.

Second, you need dependent measures. Typically, these will consist of questions you
have regarding participants' responses to your instructions or materials. These questions
may consist of lengthy open-ended responses, short fill-in-the-blank type responses,
multiple choice and scale responses, thought or recall listings, or even ratings of subjects'
own responses. MediaLab will allow you to ask your questions using a wide variety of
question formats.
Finally, you need an experimental design. For this, you need to know which of your
materials and questions are assigned to each of your experimental conditions, and the
order in which they will presented. You may have just a single condition with a single
questionnaire, or a complicated factorial design with many questionnaires and
randomization. Either way, MediaLab is very flexible in terms of experimental design.
Once you have your design planned, your questions in mind and your materials prepared,
MediaLab plays the simple role of executing your experiment and preparing your data for
analysis. To get MediaLab to do what you want, you need to understand two new types
of files:

The Experiment File

The experiment file (i.e., files with the .exp extension) deals with things on a very general
 7

level. Here, you simply specify which files are going to be presented in each of your
conditions. You basically tell MediaLab, "In condition 1, present file1, file2, file3, etc., and
in condition 2, present file1, file4, file5, etc." These files can be Word documents,
PowerPoint shows, HTML files, movies, sounds, images, executables, and MediaLab
Questionnaires. To learn more about experiment files, see the page about Key Concepts
of MediaLab Experiment Files 20 .

The MediaLab Questionnaire

This is where MediaLab becomes extremely flexible. The questionnaire (.que) is a file that
can be presented just like any other in your experiment. In the experiment file, you
identify the files to be presented in your various conditions—including questionnaire files.
Questionnaires differ from the other file types in that they are a single self-contained file
full of instructions for MediaLab. These instructions can tell MediaLab to present various
files (e.g., images, sounds, videos, executables, Word documents, PowerPoint shows,
HTML pages), but questionnaires also contain the instructions for MediaLab to ask
questions and gather data.
MediaLab questionnaires provide instructions for essay-type open ended responses,
multiple choice responses (with single or multiple response options), multiple response
questions (e.g., select all that apply), fill-in-the-blank answers, continuous on-line ratings,
thought and recall listings, and thought ratings (where subjects rate there own open
ended responses on dimensions you define). To learn more about questionnaire files, see
the page about Key Concepts of MediaLab Questionnaire Files 34 .

Running the Experiment

1.Once you have defined your experimental conditions, and created the files which it is
going to present, simply click the Select and Run Experiment command from the Run
menu of MediaLab. After finding and double clicking on your experiment, you will be
asked which condition you want to run, and what subject ID you want written to the
data file. The rest is easy. MediaLab runs the experiment, gathers the data and writes
it to all to a single data file that can be read directly by Excel ) or SPSS (unlimited
variables). MediaLab also creates a data input list for your data set in both Excel and
SPSS formats so that you can start analyzing your data immediately. MediaLab also
provides a data merging utility 73 so that you can easily combine data gathered on
different computers before running your analysis. See Data 70 for more details.

What MediaLab is NOT

Before planning a study with MediaLab it critical to know its limitations. Most importantly,
we advise serious caution about using any program written for the Windows environment
for studies requiring extremely accurate presentation times and response times involving
visual images. MediaLab does utilize a timer with a resolution of less than one millisecond
and was originally written with the functionality to conduct a wide variety of standard
reaction time experiments such as priming studies. For a number of technical reasons,
this capability has been removed from the main program and has been developed as a
stand alone program called DirectRT that will work cooperatively with MediaLab (although
we still use the high-res timer). DirectRT provides high precision timing routines for the
presentation of images and measurement of response times in the Windows environment
and is recommended for any application where high precision timing is critical.
The second limitation of MediaLab to keep in mind is that it works on the principle of a
static experimental design. Dynamic changes in design are not currently possible.
Basically this means that a subject needs to be assigned to a condition at the start of the
experiment, and what occurs in that condition is fixed. Although fairly complex skip
patterns and dynamic stimuli can be set up in MediaLab questionnaires, a subject can not
be re-assigned to a different condition based on a response contingency. This is not
usually a big deal, but it's something to keep in mind.
8 MediaLab v2014

Menu Commands
The main menu commands are found at the top of the MediaLab program window. These
are the general commands used for running experiments, viewing data files, and for
setting preferences. Note that the MediaLab Experiment Editor 11 has it's own separate
menu system.

Run 9 Preferences 82

Data 70 Help 1

Experim ent Editor 11

 9

2.1 Run

Menu Commands
When you are ready to run your experiment, either as a trial run or to collect real data,
you have three options. From the Run menu you can choose to:

Select and run experim ent

If you haven't run the experiment before, this choice allows you to search through the
folders on your machine to find the desired experiment. Locate the experiment file and
then either double click on it, or select it and click Open.

Select and run a single questionnaire

If you want to test or run a single a questionnaire or just see what it looks like you can
click on Select and Run a Single Questionnaire. MediaLab will automatically create a single
item experiment file 6 and run it. All data files will be located in the usual place but will
be named after the questionnaire, e.g., self-esteem_que.csv

Run the m ost recently executed session

This choice will execute the experiment or questionnaire most recently run on the
machine. The key sequence Ctrl-R will perform the same function. This command is handy
when multiple participants are being run back-to-back in the same session.

Select from the 5 m ost recently run sessions

MediaLab keeps track of the five most recently run sessions and displays them in the Run
menu. Clicking on any one of them will run the selected session (assuming that the
displayed pathway is accurate).

Running an Experiment from a CD-ROM

By default, MediaLab writes data to the same folder that contains the experiment files.
This prevents you from running experiments off of a CD-ROM since you can't write data to
a read-only CD-ROM. To accomplish this, you can specify an alternate data folder in your
preferences file 83 . So long as the alternate data folder is one to which MediaLab can
write the data, then running the experiment off a CD is no problem.

Running Experiments Over a Network

In the same way that you can write data to a folder on another computer, you can also
run an experiment from another computer. To do this, again, you must map the drive of
 10 MediaLab v2014

the other computer which contains the experiment (see above). Once you have done
this, you can run the experiment as if it were located locally. From the Run menu, choose
Select and Run an Experiment or Select and Run a Single Questionnaire and browse to the
experiment located on the mapped drive (e.g., h:\experiment1\myexperiment.exp). This
way, multiple computers can access the same experiment from a single computer. As
with writing data to an alternate data folder 83 (see above), it is recommended that you
specify a unique machine code in Preferences 84 because all the data from all machines
will be writing to the data folder on this single computer. This option may not be suitable
for experiments that require a lot of bandwidth (e.g., those that use a lot of video and
sound) or for experiments using many computers on a slow network.

Running Experiments From Another Program, Shortcut or Batch File

In some cases you may want to start an experimental session from another program or
shortcut without any of the usual MediaLab startup screens. You can begin a MediaLab
session from within a Visual Basic application or program with VBA support by using a
shell command as follows:

Shell "c:\medialab\medialab.exe c:\medialab\samples\sample1\sample1.exp,15,1"

If you specify the subject and condition IDs like this (i.e., "15,1" in this example) then the
session will start automatically with no prompts and will end upon completion.
Alternatively, you may specify "0" for either or both. If you specify a "0" for both (i.e.,
"0,0") then MediaLab will attempt to use your autostart file if it finds one. If one does not
exist, then MediaLab will prompt you for the IDs. You may also specify one but not the
other, in which case MediaLab will prompt you for the unspecified value.
This can also be run from the Windows Run command, a batch (.bat) file or shortcut file--
notice the difference in quotation marks:

"c:\medialab\medialab.exe" c:\medialab\samples\sample1\sample1.exp,15,1

2.2 Navigation

Key Navigation
As an alternative to having subjects click on the Continue and Go Back buttons, you can
have subjects use the keyboard to navigate their way through your experiment. The
Backspace and Space bar keys will simulate mouse clicks on the Go Back and Continue
buttons, respectively. This does not apply to essays, fill-in-the-blanks, and thought-listings
which can still be ended with the Escape key as an alternative to the mouse click (since
the Space bar and Backspace keys are necessary for open ended responses). Note: If you
use an Executable item, the navigation keys will become active only after the executable
program has ended and control is returned to MediaLab.
Not: When using an HTML item in your questionnaire that allows for spacebar or
backspace input, you may want to add a k-1 parameter 60 to disable keyboard
navigation for that item. This does not apply to Custom items made with HTML because
custom items do not allow for keyboard navigation.

Secret Keys
When test-running an experiment, you may want to skip over various items, files, or
questionnaires that you already know are working. You also may have timed items that
you don't want to wait for while you're testing things out. For this reason, there a few
secret key combinations that will allow you skip around. All use the right or left arrow
keys on your keyboard in combination with either or both of the Alt key or Ctrl key. Press
 11

each key down and hold it until each of the remaining key(s) is pressed.

Ctrl + Left Arrow Go back to previous question in a

questionnaire

Ctrl + Right Arrow Skips to next question in a

questionnaire

Shift* + Alt + Right Arrow Quits the questionnaire or other current

file

Ctrl + Alt + Right Arrow Quits the experiment in progress

Notes
*In previous versions, the combination Alt + Right Arrow would end the current
questionnaire or file. Because this combination is now commonly used in web browsing
we added a shift key to the combination to avoid accidental endings.
Some item types that involve videos and or HTML may require that you first click on the
outer border of the MediaLab space in order to use the secret keys. This is because the
Windows Media Player and Internet Explorer engines will sometimes intercept keystrokes
and won't share them with MediaLab. For the same reason, the space bar may cause a
video to pause rather than causing MediaLab to continue to the next item. In any case, a
click on the outer border will return keystroke input to MediaLab if and when this
happens.
Due to setting of some Intel and NVidia brand chip sets, use of Ctrl + Alt + the arrow keys
may rotate your screen orientation instead of quitting the experiment in progress. To
disable the screen orientation in Windows 7, right click anywhere on your desktop and
select Graphics Options > Hot Keys > Disable.

StatusBar
The StatusBar is displayed at the bottom of the main MediaLab window. Allows you to
view some convenient information about the experimental session. The first cell in the
status bar displays information about current activities and when nothing else is going
on, it displays the name of the last experiment run during the current session. The next
cell displays the last Subject ID and Condition run during the current session. The next
two cells display the current date and time. Can be hidden with option on the Tools
menu.

Menu Commands
These main menu commands are found at the top of the Experiment Editor window. To
launch the experiment editor, either click on Experiment Editor in the main MediaLab
window, or click the MXEdit icon in the MediaLab startup folder. These are the general
commands used for editing Experiment (.exp) and Questionnaire (.que) files.
 12 MediaLab v2014

File 12 Edit 14

Options 15 Window 15

3.1 File

QuickInfo
The following describes the functions provided in the File menu of the MediaLab
Experiment Editor.

Commands

New Experim ent

Creates a new experiment file for editing. See Experiment Files 20 for details.

New Questionnaire
Creates a new questionnaire file for editing. See Questionnaire Files 34 for details.
 13

Open

Opens an existing experiment (.exp) or questionnaire (.que) file for editing.

Open Recent
Select from the list of recently edited experiment and questionnaire files for editing.

Launch Explorer
Runs Windows Explorer for file browsing. See suggestion regarding the visibility of file
extensions 5 (e.g., .que, .exp, .htm, .doc, .etc)

Launch DirectRT
Runs DirectRT if you have it installed. See www.empirisoft.com/directrt.aspx for details.

Sav e
Saves the active file with its current name and location on your drive.

Sav eAs
Saves the active file but allows you to specify a new file name and/or save location.

Page Setup
Allows you to set print options such as margins, portrait vs. landscape and which columns
to print. See Printing 16 for details.

Print Prev iew

Allows to preview printed output.

Print
Prints the contents of the active file.

Exit
Exits the MediaLab Experiment Editor.
 14 MediaLab v2014

3.2 Edit

QuickInfo
The following describes the functions provided in the Edit menu of the MediaLab
Experiment Editor. See also Editing Tips and Tricks 17 for a variety of editing
shortcuts.

Commands

Cut

Deletes the selected text or cells and places the deleted contents in the MediaLab
clipboard for pasting elsewhere.

Copy
Copies the selected text or cells and places the copied contents in the MediaLab
clipboard for pasting within the same or other questionnaire. See also External Copy
below.

Paste
Pastes the contents of the MediaLab clipboard to the selected cell(s). See also External
Paste below.

Fill Down
When cells from multiple rows are selected, copies the value from the top selected cell(s)
to the selected cell(s) below.

Fill Right
When cells from multiple columns are selected, copies the value from the left most cell(s)
to the selected cell(s) to the right.

Select All

Selects all the cells in the active file.

Delete Rows
Deletes the selected rows from the active file.

External Copy
The MediaLab experiment editor uses it's own private clipboard for cutting, copying and
pasting. If you want to copy cells to paste in an external application (e.g., Excel, Word, a
text editor), select the cells and choose External Copy.

External Paste
To paste cells or text from external applications (e.g., Excel, Word, a text editor), select
External Paste.

Edit Tips and Tricks

 15

Hints and short cuts 17 for working in the Experiment Editor.

3.3 Options

QuickInfo
The following describes the functions provided in the Options menu of the MediaLab
Experiment Editor.

Commands

Use Full Path Nam es

When selecting files by double-clicking in a cell, this option specifies that the full path be
included (e.g., c:\experiments\exp1\images\image1.bmp). See Specifying File Paths 104 for
details.

Use Relativ e Paths

When selecting files by double-clicking in a cell, this option specifies that the path be
specified relative to the experiment (.exp) file (e.g., images\image1.bmp). See Specifying
File Paths 104 for details.

Question Wording Cells

Expand All – Shows the complete contents of all question wording cells in the overview
window.
Collapse All – Shows only the first line of each question wording cell. Clicking on any
question wording cell will automatically cause it to expand.

Choose Colum ns to View/Print

Allows you to hide or show columns in the overview window. This feature is especially
handy if you wanted to print only a select number of columns from the overview window.

Editor Font
Allows you to choose an alternate font for editing text within the editor. Can be useful for
international font requirements. You may also need to choose a Character Set for your
language from the main MediaLab Preferences 85 menu

3.4 Window

QuickInfo
The following describes the functions provided in the Windows menu of the MediaLab
Experiment Editor.

Commands

New Window
Equivalent to selecting Open from the File menu.
 16 MediaLab v2014

Cascade

Neatly arranges all open windows in an overlap pattern making all window titles visible.

Tile Horizontal
Stretches all open windows their maximum width and arranges them in a horizontal
overlap pattern.

Tile Vertical

Stretches all open windows their maximum height and arranges them in a vertical overlap
pattern.

Arrange Icons
Neatly arranges all minimized window icons.

Hint
The most useful function in the Windows menu is that at the bottom of the menu will be a
list of all currently open files. You can select which file to bring to the forefront by clicking
on any file in this list. Note also that you can use Ctrl+Tab to flip through all open files.

3.5 Printing

QuickInfo
Prints the content of your experiment or questionnaire file.

Value
Mouse-click, Alt-P (Overview editor only)

Purpose
You may wish to print a hardcopy of information in your experiment or questionnaire file.
To select which columns to print, click Select Columns to View/Print. Check all the columns
you want to print. Note that you can start by clicking Select All or Deselect All.
You can manually widen any column if you want more of it displayed when printing.
For question wording cells (questionnaire files only), you can expand (print all lines) or
collapse (print only the first line) the cells when printing. When selecting Print, select
Expand All or Collapse All for the Multi-Line Cells option.
 17

3.6 Editing Tips and Tricks

QuickInfo
The following describes how to use some of the editing features of MediaLab's new
Experiment Editor:

Moving Around and Editing a Cell 18

Copying a Single Cell 18

Drag & Drop (Turbo) Copy 18

Copy a Block of Cells 18

Copying an Entire Line/Record 18

Copying Multiple Lines/Records 18

Inserting Copied Lines/Records 18

Filling Down & Filling Right 19

Double-Clicking Functions 19

Relative vs. Absolute Paths 19

Expanding Question Wording Cells 19

18 MediaLab v2014

Selecting Cells to View 19

Copying and Pasting to and from Other Applications 19

Editing Files Directly in Microsoft Access 20

Tips and Tricks

Mov ing Around and Editing a Cell

The arrow keys will allow you to navigate through the spreadsheet. To select a cell in
order to edit the contents, press the Enter key. When you are finished editing the cell,
press Enter again, and the arrow keys will again let you navigate. You can also leave a
cell while editing it by using the Up or Down arrow keys. To add a hard return/line feed to
your question wording, do this in Details 36 mode.

Copying a Single Cell

To copy a single cell, move to that cell select Copy (Ctrl+C), then move to the desired
target cell and select Paste (Ctrl+V). Only entire cells may be copied & pasted in the main
overview spreadsheet. To copy and paste only portions of cells, do this in Details 36
mode.

Drag & Drop (Turbo) Copy

You can quickly copy the contents of one cell to another using the right-mouse button.
Simply right-click on the cell you want to copy and drag it to the desired cell. Only one cell
at a time can be copied this way. This can also be done between multiple open files (i.e.,
drag from a cell in one file and drop to a cell in another file).

Copy a Block of Cells

To copy a block of cells, highlight the block and select Copy (Ctrl+C), then move to the
upper left cell where the pasting should begin and select Paste (Ctrl+V). You can also
copy a block of cells from one file and paste it into another using this method.

Copying an Entire Line/Record

To copy an entire line or record, use the record selector at the very left of the
spreadsheet (this selects all the cells in that row). Select Copy (Ctrl+C), then move to any
cell on the line where you want it copied and select Paste (Ctrl+V). This will copy the
entire record, including its details, to the new line. To insert copied lines, see Inserting
Copied Lines/Records below. You can also copy an entire record from one file and paste it
into another using this method.

Copying Multiple Lines/Records

Follow the instructions for copying a single record (above), but highlight as many rows as
you like with the record selector. Move to any cell in the row at which you want to start
the pasting, and select Paste (Ctrl+V). You can also copy entire records from one file and
paste them into another using this method.

Inserting Copied Lines/Records

1.Note that pasting overwrites the cells in the current row. Therefore, to insert the
copied line(s), without affecting the other items in the file, go down to the first blank
line, and then select Paste (Ctrl+V). To move it to the desired location, simply assign it a
position number and then click Sort 37 . You can also copy entire records from one file
and insert them into another using this method.
 19

Filling Down & Filling Right

Sometimes you may want to copy one cell over and over to a series of cells below it or to
its right. An example would be that you want to copy the same parameter value or scale
point labels to 20 sequential items without having to retype it each time. With the
FillDown function, this is easy:
To copy a cell to a series of cells below it, highlight the block of cells (including the one
you want to copy) and then select FillDown (Ctrl+D). This will copy the top cell to all the
cells selected below.
To copy a cell to a series of cells to its right, highlight the block of cells (including the
one you want to copy) and then select FillRight (Ctrl+R). This will copy the top cell to all
the cells selected below.
Note that the filling functions only operate in the main overview spreadsheet and not in
Details 36 mode.

Double- Clicking Functions

If you double click on the Position, Name, or Condition (Experiment files only) columns, this
will immediately take you into Details mode. If the item type is a file, then double-clicking
on the FileName or QuestionWording column will immediately open up a file browser
window so you can select your file. If you select Cancel, this will return you to Edit mode
so you can manually edit the cell. Double clicking on the BackGround, BackSound, and
BackVideo columns will also immediately open a file browser window so you can choose
an appropriate file type.

Relativ e v s. Absolute Paths

To use Absolute or Relative (default) paths, select the appropriate option from the Options
Menu. What does this mean? When you select files using the file browser, you can opt to
have it return the entire (aka absolute) path of the file (e.g., c:\experiments\steve\exp1
\images\image1.bmp), or the path relative to the experiment (e.g., images\image1.bmp).
Relative paths are recommended because the experiment folder (e.g., in this case exp1)
can be moved anywhere on any computer and in any folder and MediaLab will know
where to find the file. The only time an absolute path is necessary is when the desired
file is not located somewhere within the experiment folder. However, if you are using
Relative Paths, the editor will enter an absolute path if this is the case.

Expanding Question Wording Cells

When a question wording cell uses multiple lines, the cell will expand to show this when
you click on it. If you would like to see all such cells expanded at the same time, select
QuestionWording Cells > Expand All from the Options menu. This is also an option you can
select when printing your file.

Selecting Cells to View

When working with your file, you may wish to view only certain columns. To select the
columns to view, select Choose Columns to View/Print (Ctrl+H) from the Options menu. This
is also an option you can select when printing your file. Note that the column selection
feature applies only while the file is open and is not saved for future use.

Copying and Pasting to and from Other Applications

The new editor uses its own proprietary clipboard so you can not use the usual copy and
paste functions to copy cells to and from other applications (e.g., Word, Excel, etc.). To do
this use the External Copy and External Paste commands on the Edit menu. These
 20 MediaLab v2014

functions access the usual Windows clipboard.

Editing Files in Microsoft Access

Questionnaire (.que) and Experiment (.exp) files are really just small Access database
files. If you right click on any questionnaire or experiment file and select Open With, you
can choose Microsoft Access if you have it installed (you may have to browse for it). If you
do this you may be informed that you can not make changes to database objects. That's
ok. You may also be asked if you want to convert the database to a more recent
version--just say no, and ask to open the file. Once the file is open in Access, you can
double click on Table1 to edit the file. This allows you to bypass the MediaLab Experiment
Editor completely or you can do some of the work in Access and some of the work in the
MediaLab editor. Some people, for example, like to load their files into Access for heavy
copying and pasting jobs, or to use the Access Spell Checker.

Key Concepts 20 : Click here to find out more about exactly what the
Experiment Files are and do in MediaLab

Overview Window 21 : Click here to see an example of an Experiment File and

find out more about its basic features.

File Details

Click on any of these links to find out more about specific features of the
Experiment Files in MediaLab
Condition 25 BackGround 27 Randomize Within
Groups 29
Position 25 BackSound 28 Randomize
Between Groups 30

File 26 BackVideo 28 Parameters 31

4.1 Key Concepts

The experiment editor allows to you to create, view and edit the details of your
experimental conditions. The experiment file you create using this editor is the first thing
that MediaLab looks at when you go to run the experiment. You specify here which
questionnaires, images, videos, sounds, documents, html files, executables or
PowerPoint shows you want to present in each condition, and the order in which you
want them presented. When you run the experiment, MediaLab will ask you which
condition you want to run. It will read your experiment file, determine which files you
have specified for that condition, and then it will present those files to the subject in the
order you have specified.
Think of the Experiment Files like a tabletop and the Questionnaire Files as a bunch of
jigsaw puzzle pieces. The Experiment Files serve as the surface upon which you arrange
all of the individual pieces of your experiment--Questionnaire Files. The Questionnaire
Files serve the all-important purpose of where you organize the general order of elements
of your experiment like the items and their presentation order.
 21

With the exception of questionnaires, no data is gathered for files that you specify here.
This is a very important concept. Data is only gathered in questionnaire files that you
create. Questionnaires are much more flexible in terms of the types of files and
information that can be presented and the type of responses and data that can be
collected.
The Experiment file that you create with the experiment editor simply tells MediaLab
which files are to be presented in each of a virtually unlimited number of conditions. This
can be as simple as assigning a single questionnaire file to each condition, or as
complicated as multiple questionnaire files assigned to each condition, each interspersed
with video, audio, graphics, Word documents and PowerPoint shows for which data does
not need to be gathered (e.g., for instruction screens or debriefing documents).

Remember though that all file types can also be presented in a questionnaire if you like.
That is why the experiment file can be as simple as stating which questionnaire (or set of
questionnaires) is assigned to each condition. Additional files can be specified simply for
the purpose of having this flexibility in the case that your application requires it.

4.2 Overview Window

QuickInfo
In the overview editor, you can scroll through the basic information regarding your
experiment. In this mode, you can see and define which files are presented to
subjects in your different experimental conditions, and the order in which they're to
occur.
Click on a specific area for help on that topic:
22 MediaLab v2014

Hints

Double-click on any condition or position field, and the file details will be displayed for the
file at that location. Double-click on any file field, and you will be able to search your
drives for the file you're looking to put there. If you want to edit the file name field
without being prompted for a file, just highlight the cell and press enter to edit it.

Info
Allows you to save summary information and detailed notes regarding your
experiment.

The title and comments are for the Editor's reference only. The comments field has a very
large capacity if you wish to exploit it.

Details
Allows you to set various options for the presentation of your experimental files.
Explore a specific area for help on that topic:
 23

Sort
Sorts the files in the experiment, first by condition and then by position.
The sort button makes life a little easier by automatically reordering all of the files in your
experiment so that you need not worry about where you are placing a file at any given
time. When MediaLab sorts the experiment files, it will first place all of the files in each
condition together. Next, it will reorder the files within each condition by their ordinal
position. If you forget to do this, the editor will do it automatically when you exit. You can
manually sort whenever and as often as you like by clicking the sort button.

Hints
To add a new file between two existing files (e.g., at positions 2 and 3), assign it a
position value between these values (e.g., 2.5) and then click the Sort button. After
sorting, you can automatically renumber all of your items as sequential integers by
clicking the renumber 23 button.
Important: MediaLab will first sort by the condition 25 field and then by the position field,
so be sure that you identify the condition of the file before you sort.

Renumber
Renumbers the position 25 values within each condition 25 with sequential integer
values.
The renumber button cleans up your position numbering by replacing the values with
sequential integers. Within each condition, the first file will get a position value of 1, the
second will get a 2 and so forth. This is not a necessary operation and is provided mainly
for the purpose of aesthetics and to help you verify that you have the correct number of
files in each condition.

Hint
If your files are out of order, be sure to sort 23 before you renumber.

Print
See Experiment Editor, Printing 16

Help
Starts the interactive help system.
You can search the documentation using the Contents, Index and Search tabs in the left-
hand window. Also note that MediaLab takes advantage of context sensitive help such
that pressing F1 at any time will often direct you immediately to help with what you are
working on. A printable PDF copy is available in the C:\MediaLab\Help folder.
24 MediaLab v2014

Save
Saves the current file.

Save As
Saves the current file while allowing you to set the file name and/or location.

OK
Closes the Details window and returns to the Ov erv iew window.

Navigation
There are many ways to navigate your way around the experiment editor. The most
useful methods to be aware of are:
to jump from field to field, you can simply click on the field you want to edit, or

you can also use the tab key and the arrow keys to jump from one field to the next.

When your are editing in the overview window, double-clicking will allow you to edit any
field or will pull open a file search box if a file is required. If you want to edit a field that
requires a filename but do not want to open a file search dialog, then simply highlight the
field and press enter to edit the field directly.

All forms have a button with a check mark, like this: . This button closes whatever
editor you are currently in. You will always be given the option to save any changes that
you've made.

Details Editor
In the details editor, you will notice four buttons with arrows:

The first key will take you to the details of the first file in your experiment,

The second key takes you to the file immediately preceding the one you are
currently editing,

The third key takes you to the file immediately after the one you are currently
editing,

and the fourth key takes you to the last file in your experiment.
 25

4.3 Condition

QuickInfo
Identifies which files are presented together in an experimental session.

Values
Any text. Usually numbers but words are allowed. For more than 9 conditions, you can
label the first 9 conditions using two digits (e.g., 01, 02, 03 etc.) to preserve numeric/
alphabetic consistency.

Purpose
When you run a MediaLab session, you will be asked for two things: 1) a Subject ID for
writing to the data file, and 2) the Condition you want to run. MediaLab will then read
your experiment file and look for all the files that belong to the condition you specify.
Therefore, in the experiment editor you need to identify which conditions receive which
files.
In your experiment file, you can create as many conditions as you like. Simply create a
unique identifier for each. You can use numbers (1, 2, 3, and so forth) or text (cond1, male
speaker, sg24, and so forth) to identify your conditions. Just be sure to give the same
condition id to every file that you want to be presented in that condition. If a file is to be
presented in multiple or all conditions simply list it once with each condition id.

Hints
Values are treated as words for purposes of sorting. So if you have more than nine
conditions and are using numbers to label the conditions you may want to use two digits
(e.g., "01", "02" … "09", "10" etc.) to maintain your numerical order after sorting.
Using long text identifiers can be a pain when you are running many subjects and have
to type the long condition names to start the experiment every time. Using numbers or
short letter combinations to identify your conditions will solve this.
For factorial designs, try assigning single letters to represent the various levels of your
factors. For example, imagine a persuasion experiment with a 2 (attractive vs.
unattractive speaker) x 3 (strong vs. weak vs. no arguments) design. The two levels of
the speaker factor could be represented with A and U, and the three levels of the
argument factor could be represented with S, W, and N, respectively. The six conditions
might be identified as AS, AW, AN, US, UW, and UN. Or for simplicity, you might simply
label them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 while keeping a record of which number corresponded to
which experimental condition.

4.4 Position

QuickInfo
Identifies the order in which files are presented in each condition.

Values
Any number. Decimal values are allowed.
 26 MediaLab v2014

Purpose
This field determines the order in which files are presented in each condition. MediaLab
will automatically sort the files in each condition by the values you specify in the Position
field. You can manually sort the file at any time by using the Sort 23 button.

Hints
To add a new file between two existing files (e.g., at positions 2 and 3), assign it a
position value between these values (e.g., 2.5) and then click the Sort button. After
sorting, you can automatically renumber all of your items as sequential integers by
clicking the Renumber 23 button.
Important: MediaLab will first sort by the condition 25 field and then by the position field,
so be sure that you identify the condition of the file before you sort.

4.5 File

QuickInfo
Names of the files to be presented in each condition

Value
Any file name ending with the following three letter extensions:
.que MediaLab Questionnaire 34

.htm, .html HTML files on your hard drive or the

web
.doc, .wpd Microsoft Word or WordPerfect
documents
.pps Microsoft PowerPoint shows
.bmp, .jpg, .gif Images
.wav, .mp3 Sounds
.avi, .mpg Videos
.exe Programs (including old DOS, Windows
3.1, Windows 95, and Windows XP)
.csv DirectRT Input file **

Purpose
The File Name field simply tells MediaLab which files to present in the different
experimental conditions. See Questionnaire item types 43 for more details on specific file
types.
 27

Hints
Double-click on the File field to browse your hard drive and select files automatically.
Press Enter to manually edit a file path.
To be safe, you can always specify the complete file path (e.g., c:\experiments\myexp
\myimage.bmp). If you specify a complete path, remember to make sure the path is
correct if you load the experiment files onto other computers.

Advanced Hints
If the file is located in the same folder as your experiment file, then you can simply enter
the name of the file (e.g., myimage.bmp). If the file is located in a subfolder that is located
in the same folder as your experiment files, then you can enter the name of the subfolder
followed by the name of the file (e.g., images\myimage.bmp). Otherwise, you need to
specify the full path and name of the file you want to present (e.g., c:\mypictures
\myimage.bmp).
The advantage of placing the file in the experiment directory (or a subfolder) is that the
experiment folder can then be moved to a different place and you won't have to worry
about checking path names (e.g., c:\..., d:\..., etc.)
If the file is not in the same directory as the experiment, and it's not in a subfolder, then
you must specify the complete path of the file, e.g., c:\pictures\myimage.bmp
Files may also be located on another computer on your local network. MediaLab can
display files located on any computer on your network as long as the drive has been
"mapped" on the system running MediaLab. For example, a hard drive on another
computer may be mapped on your system as "h:\" or "s:\" etc. If you are new to
mapping, ask your network administrator about "mapping" the drives of other machines
on your network or refer to the instructions from Microsoft about mapping in Windows.
Once the drive is mapped, you can refer to files on that drive just as you would local files
(e.g., h:\myfiles\myfile.bmp). See also Running Experiments Over a Network 9 for details
on how to run an entire experiment from another machine.
** It's generally not a good idea to place two DirectRT sessions directly back to back in
your experiment because each DirectRT session requires a few seconds for one session
to end and the next to begin. Instead, try separating the sessions with a simple
instruction screen of some type.

4.6 BackGround

QuickInfo
Display an image in the background as the current file is presented.

Value
Any image file with a .bmp, .jpg, or .gif extension

Purpose
If you would like an image displayed in the background, simply type in or select the name
of the image file in this field.
 28 MediaLab v2014

Advanced Hints
You can specify the location of the background image in the same way as you do for the
primary image using parameter 31 values. This can be useful if you want to present two
images (one as the main, and one as the background). To specify the location of the
background image, place values for the top and left parameters 32 in parentheses after
the file name. For example typing myimage.bmp (t50,l200) will place the background
image 50 pixels from the top and 200 pixel from the left.
If you want to present images with Word or HTML documents, you can insert them
directly into the Word or HTML documents.

4.7 BackSound

QuickInfo
If you would like a sound played in the background while another file type is
presented then simply type or place in the name of a compatible sound file ( in this
field. Play a wave or mpeg (mp3) sound file in the background when the current file
is presented.

Value
Any sound file with a .wav or .mp3 extension

Purpose
Backsounds are sounds files that play while another file is being presented. Keep in mind
that MediaLab will play backsound files to their completion. This allows for a backsound to
play through multiple items if you care to structure things that way. To have MediaLab
wait for the duration of the sound file and then automatically proceed, use the delay
parameter for the item and specify the length of the sound clip in seconds, e.g., for a 30
second sound clip, use (d30). You can find out the length of a sound clip by right clicking
on the file in Windows Explorer and selecting Properties.
.

4.8 BackVideo

QuickInfo
Display a video in the background as the current file is presented.

Value
MediaLab will play most video files that are supported by the Windows Media Player.

Purpose
If you would like a video played in the background simply type in or select the name of
 29

the video file in this field.

Advanced Hints
By default, the backvideo will be centered on the screen and play at its encoded size. To
specify the location of the backvideo, use the top and left parameters 32 in parentheses
after the file name. For example, myvideo.bmp (t50,l200) will place the backvideo 50
pixels from the top and 200 pixel from the left. To specify the size of the backvideo, use
the width parameter 32 (the height will automatically be adjusted proportionally). For
example, myvideo.bmp (w640) will play the video at a resolution of 640x480 pixels. A
number of special width values are also available (e.g., quarter screen, half screen, full
screen).

4.9 Randomize Within Groups

QuickInfo
Randomly orders and presents all files sharing the same RWG value.

Value
Any positive integer value

Purpose
To randomly order and present certain files in your experiment, assign the files you want
to have randomized with the same number in this field. For example, if you have five files
you want randomized, assign them each an RWG value of 1. The five files will be
randomly presented in the five positions they occupy in the experiment. All remaining files
will be presented in their normal positions as long as their RWG value is either 0 or none.
You can independently randomize another group of items by assigning them all a 2,
another group with 3s and so forth.

Example
In one condition, you want to present 1) Word document, 2) five images randomly
ordered, 3) five sounds randomly ordered, and 4) a final Word document. Assign an RWG
value of "0" or none to the Word documents to keep them where they are, a "1" to the
five images, and "2" to the five sounds. That's it. To randomize the order that groups of
files are presented (e.g., whether the images or the sounds are presented first),see
Randomize Between Groups 30 .

Hints
Use of the RWG field in the experiment files randomizes the order of questionnaires and
related files, whereas using the RWG field in the questionnaire files 64 randomizes the
presentation of items that generate the actual data. Thus, use this functionality when
you want to randomize the higher-level elements of your experiment, the questionnaires
themselves.
 30 MediaLab v2014

4.10 Randomize Between Groups

QuickInfo
All files sharing the same RBG value define a group of questionnaires or files to be
kept together. If multiple groups are defined, then MediaLab will present them in a
random order.

Value
Any positive integer value

Purpose
You may wish to randomly order and present entire groups of files in a given condition
(e.g., randomizing whether personality questionnaires or demographic questionnaires
come first) . To do this, assign the same RBG value to all of the items you want to keep
together. For example, if you have three groups of ten files in one condition, and you
want to randomize the order in which these 3 sets of files are presented, then assign
each group a different number and make sure all the files within each group share the
same number for that group. The files within each group will all stay together, but the
groups themselves will be randomly ordered. All files assigned a 0 or none will not move.
Note that all files within a group must be sequential in the given condition.

Example
In one condition, you want to present a Word document, five randomly ordered sets of
five images, and a final Word document. Assign a value of "0" or none to the Word
documents to keep them where they are, a "1" to the images in the first set, a "2" to the
images in the second set, and so forth. That's it. To randomize the order that the files are
presented within each group, see Randomize Within Groups 29 .

Hints
Use of the RBG field in the experiment files randomizes the order of groups of
questionnaires and related files, whereas using the RBG field 64 Randomize Between
Groups 65 in the questionnaire files 64 randomizes the presentation of groups items that
generate the actual data. Thus, use this functionality when you want to randomize the
groups higher-level elements of your experiment, the questionnaires themselves.
 31

4.11 Parameters

QuickInfo
Parameters supply additional information and functionality for the presentation of
certain files. In the experiment Editor, all parameters are optional but offer the user
some nice flexibility. Parameters can be given in any order, must be separated by
commas, and the entire set must be enclosed in a single set of parentheses. Note that
parameters also can be set for background 27 , backsound 28 , and backvideo 28 files
following the same rules except that their parameters are entered after the filename
rather than in the parameters field.

Parameters

$ quickstyle 31

c command line arguments 31

d duration for timed items 33

l left position 32

t top position 32

w width 32

Parameters for Different File Types

Questionnaire 43 duration (+/-), $quickstyle

Executable command line arguments
HTML duration
Image File top, left, duration
Movie top, left, width, duration
PowerPoint Show none

Sound File duration

Word Document duration

Details

$quickstyle (optional)
To apply custom color and font settings to a questionnaire, you can create a QuickStyle
84 file from the Preferences menu. To apply it to a particular questionnaire file you can
enter the name of the QuickStyle file precede by a $. E.g., ($mystyle).

com m and- line argum ents (optional)

For executables that allow for command line arguments, you can specify the arguments
you want to send with the c parameter. Just type in the arguments preceded by a
"c" (cmyargument). Follow any arguments with max and the application will be run in a
32 MediaLab v2014

maximized window, e.g., (cmax), or (cmyarguments max)

left position, top position (optional)

These parameters allow you to place an image or video exactly where you want it by
specifying the top left corner of its position relative to the top left corner of the MediaLab
window. If you wish to see exactly where the top left corner of your image will be placed,
you can find the following guide by clicking on Help > Show Location Points when you first
open MediaLab on your computer:

This window shows you exactly where the top left pixel of your image will be placed.
The top and left pixel values are marked every hunderd pixels along the top and left
borders, respectively.

The unit of measurement is pixels so placement will depend on what resolution you are
running on your computer. MediaLab attempts to scale most screens so that the same
scale is applicable no matter what resolution you are running. A left value of 400 and a
top value 300 would be entered as (l400,t300).
Note: As of v2004, you can express ANY location and size parameters as a percentage of
the screen. E.g., (w.3,h.25) would be a rectangle 30 percent of the screen's width and 25
percent of its height. To use percentages, simply use a value less than 1 and greater
than 0.

width (optional)
By default, videos play in their original size. However, you can set the exact size of the
video using the width parameter. The height will automatically be set in proportion to the
width you specify. For example, if you specify (w200) for a video that is normally 320x240
it will appear as 200x150. You can also use the following shortcuts rather than specifying
an exact width (e.g., w-1, w2, etc.)
none or w0 = Default Size
 33

w-1 = Full Screen

w-2 = Half Screen

w-3 = One Fourth Screen

w-4 = One Sixteenth Screen

w1 = Double Size

w2 = Half Size

w10 and higher = specified width & proportional height

Note: As of v2004, you can express ANY location and size parameters as a percentage of
the screen. E.g., (w.3,h.25) would be a rectangle 30 percent of the screen's width and 25
percent of its height. To use percentages, simply use a value less than 1 and greater
than 0.

duration for tim ed item s (optional)

To display one of the files in the experiment file for a predetermined amount of time, you
can use the d parameter followed by the number of seconds you want that file to be
activated. Once the amount of time in the d parameter has passed, the experiment file
will automatically proceed to the next file. For example, if you wanted a questionnaire file
activated for 30 seconds and then have the experiment file automatically proceed to the
next file in it, you would specify (d30) for that first questionnaire file.
Questionnaire files also offer a special option you can use to create a special countdown
clock to tell subjects how much time they have left to complete the questionnaire. On any
questionnaire file, if you use a negative duration value (e.g., d-300) then a countdown
clock will appear at the start of the questionnaire, showing how many second are left
before the questionnaire will automatically end. The clock will start with the absolute
value of the duration you specify (e.g., d-300 will put 300 seconds on the clock). If you
are using a countdown timer for a questionnaire, try to avoid using duration parameters
on items within that questionnaire that could conflict with your countdown (e.g., using the
same number of seconds in the d parameters for the questionnaire in the experiment file
and an item in that same questionnaire file). Note that you can place a single item in a
questionnaire in order to get the countdown timer with a single item.

Examples
Image. To set the top left corner of an image to the center of a 640x480 resolution
screen: (l320,t240) or (l.5,t.5)
Movie. To play a video file at full screen on a 800x600 resolution screen: (w800) or (w-1).
Word Document. To display a Word document for 60 seconds rather than allowing the
subject to press a key to continue: (d60)
Background. For a BackGround image to be displayed for 60 seconds with the top left
corner located at the top left corner of the MediaLab window, specify the background file
as: myimage.bmp (t1,l1,d60)
 34 MediaLab v2014

Key Concepts 34

Overview Window 35

Item Details
BackGround 39 Labels 55 SkipTo 66

BackSound 40 Name 56 Text Labels 67

BackVideo 41 Omit Conditions 57 Write Data as Text 69

Filename 41 Parameters 57 Write Reaction Time 69

GoBack 42 Position 64 Write To Data File 68

Item Type 43 Randomize Between

Groups 65
Item Wording/File 53 Randomize Within
Groups 64

Item Types

Custom 43 Instructions 47 Sound File 50

DirectRT 43 Movie 47 Thought Listing 51

Essay 44 Multiple Response 47 Thought Rating 51

Executable 44 On-Line Rating 48 Voice Response 51

Fill-in-the-Blank 44 PowerPoint Show 48 WebTracker 52

HTML 45 Ranking 49 Word or WordPerfect

Document 52
Image File 46 Recall List 49

Inquisit 47 Scale Response 50

5.1 Key Concepts

It is recommended to first read key concepts of Experiment Files 20 before reading this
section.
Questionnaire files are the workhorse of MediaLab. They are used to present and
arrange the individual items of your experiment. Remember how we said earlier in the
Experiment Files: Key Concepts 20 section that Questionnaire files were like jigsaw
puzzle pieces? In the experiment file, you identify the files to be presented in your
various conditions; this is where you can work with the individual items of those files.
The key concept for creating questionnaires is very similar to that of creating
experiments. You just need to tell MediaLab what you want to present, and the order in
which you want it to happen. You can use the Experiment Editor 11 to create, view and
edit our questionnaire files. The primary difference is that in questionnaires you also ask
 35

questions. This is why in questionnaires we use the term items rather than files to
describe what is being presented. In contrast when talking about experiments, we use
the term files because that is all that experiments can present.

Just like experiment files, questionnaire files can present various media images, videos,
sounds, documents, html files, executable (.exe) programs, or PowerPoint shows. Unlike
experiment files, MediaLab questionnaires use a variety of items 43 . MediaLab's multi-
media flexibility also allows you in most cases to combine items and media, presenting
them simultaneously as part of a questionnaire file.
Another key concept to get with questionnaires is that they are self-contained. Once a
questionnaire file has been created, it can be copied and simply dropped into any other
experiment. This makes creating new experiments extremely easy when certain
components are re-used (e.g., a questionnaire that measures a personality trait, or a
questionnaire that contains a mood inducing video followed with manipulation checks,
etc.). You can also run a questionnaire file on its own 9 , but experiment files need other
flies like questionnaires to run.
Remember that MediaLab help is context sensitive. When you are creating a
questionnaire and you want to know what the purpose of a particular field is, just place
your cursor in the field and then hit F1. The help files have been designed to take you
right to the relevant information.

5.2 Overview Window

QuickInfo
In the overview editor, you can scroll through the basic information for each item in
your questionnaire file. In this mode, you can see and define which items are
presented to participants and the order in which they're to occur.
Click on a specific area for help on that topic:
36 MediaLab v2014

Hints
Double-click on any position or name field, and the details will be displayed for that item.
When your are editing in the overview window, double-clicking will allow you to edit any
field or will pull open a file search box if a file is required. If you want to edit a field that
requires a filename but do not want to open a file search dialog, then simply highlight the
field and press enter to edit the field directly.

Info
Allows you to save summary information and detailed notes regarding your
questionnaire.

The title and comments are for the Editor's reference only. The comments field has a very
large capacity if you wish to exploit it.

Details
Allows you to set various options for the presentation of your questionnaire items.
Click on a specific area for help on that topic:
 37

Sort
Sorts the items in the questions by their position values.
The Sort button makes life a little easier by automatically reordering all of the items in
your questionnaire so that you need not worry about where you are placing any one item
at any given time. When MediaLab sorts the questionnaire items, it will reorder them by
their ordinal position. If you forget to do this, MediaLab will do it automatically when you
exit. You can manually sort whenever and as often as you like by clicking the Sort button.
Hint

To add a new item between two existing items (e.g., at positions 2 and 3), assign it a
position value between these values (e.g., 2.5) and then click the Sort button. After
sorting, you can automatically renumber all of your items with sequential integers by
clicking the Renumber button.

Renumber
Renumbers the position 64 values in the questionnaire with sequential integer values.
The renumber button cleans up your position numbering by replacing the values with
sequential integers. The first item will get a position value of 1, the second will get a 2
and so forth. This is not a necessary operation and is provided mainly for the purpose of
aesthetics and to help you know that you have the correct number of items your
questionnaire.
Hint
If your items are out of order, be sure to sort 37 before you renumber.
38 MediaLab v2014

Print
See Experiment Editor, Printing 16

Help
Starts the interactive help system. You can search the documentation using the
Contents, Index and Search tabs in the left-hand window. Also note that MediaLab takes
advantage of context sensitive help such that pressing F1 at any time will often direct
you immediately to help with what you are working on. A printable PDF copy is available
in the MediaLab program folder, installed by default as the C:\MediaLab\Help folder.

Save
Saves the active file with its current name and location on your drive.

Save As
Saves the active file but allows you to specify a new file name and/or save location.

OK
Closes the Details window and returns to the Overview window.

Navigation
There are many ways to navigate your way around the questionnaire editor. The most
useful methods to be aware of are:
To jump from field to field, you can simply click on the field you want to edit, or

You can also use the Tab key and the arrow keys to jump from one field to the next.

When your are editing in the Overview window, double-clicking will allow you to edit any
field or will open a file search box if a file is required. If you want to edit a field that
requires a filename but do not want to open a file search dialog, then simply highlight the
field and press enter to edit the field directly.

All forms have a button with a check mark, like this: . This button closes whatever
editor you are currently in. You will always be given the option to save any changes that
you've made.

Details Editor
In the details editor, you will notice four buttons with arrows:

The first key will take you to the details of the first file in your questionnaire file,

The second key takes you to the item immediately preceding the one you are
currently editing,

The third key takes you to the item immediately after the one you are currently
editing,
 39

and the fourth key takes you to the last item in your questionnaire file.

5.3 BackGround

QuickInfo
Display an image or HTML file (or URL) in the background as the current item is
presented.

Value
Any image file with a .bmp, .jpg, or .gif extension, or any HTML or URL.

Purpose
In questionnaires, the item types that support background images are:
Essays 44

Fill-in-the-Blank 44

Image files 46

Instructions 47

Multiple Response 47

Recall-listing 49

Scale Response 50

Sound files 50

Thought-listing 51

If you would like an image, html file or web page to be displayed in the background
simply type in the name of the file in this field. If you want to present an image or HTML
file by itself, simply use the Image 46 or HTML 45 item type.

Important Note
If you want to display an HTML file or URL as a background image you MUST specify the
size and location of the area in which you want it displayed. This is because the browser
display area will cover and hide most other items that it overlaps so it's very important to
specify the area in which you want it (see below under Advanced Hints). To do this, use
the top (t), left (l) 60 , height (h), and width (w) 63 parameters. For example, if you have
some specially formatted instructions in an HTML file that you want to use for a scale
response, you could you could enter "instructions.htm (t50,l50,w400,h150)" in the
BackGround field for that item. This defines an area for the html to appear that will not
cover the buttons and labels of the scale response.

Advanced Hints
You can specify the location of the background image in the same way as you do for a
primary image using parameter 57 values. This can be useful if you want to present two
images (one as the main, and one as the background), or to present an image at the
 40 MediaLab v2014

same time as a question item (e.g., to get judgments of the image). To specify the
location of the background image, use the top and left parameters 60 in parentheses
after the file name. For example, myimage.bmp (t50,l200) will place the background
image 50 pixels from the top and 200 pixel from the left.
If you want to present images within html, Word or Word Perfect documents, you can
simply insert them into the html, Word, or WordPerfect files themselves.
Inserting some html with pop-up links in your background can allow your participants to
click a link on the question page to see a message, helpful hints, instructions,
translations, or any other text elaboration.

5.4 BackSound

QuickInfo
Play a wave (.wav) or mpeg (mp3) sound file in the background when the current
item is presented.

Value
Any sound file with a .wav or .mp3 extension

Purpose
In questionnaire files, all items support the Backsounds field. If the item is a movie or
sound file that already has sound content, then the content of the Backsounds field will
be superimposed. If you would like a sound played in the background as another item is
presented, simply type in the name of the sound file in this field.

Hint
Keep in mind that MediaLab will play files in the Backsounds field their completion. This
allows for files in the Backsounds field to play through multiple items if you care to
structure things that way. To have MediaLab wait for the duration of the sound file and
then automatically proceed, use the duration parameter 60 for the questionnaire item
using the Backsounds field and specify the length of the sound clip in seconds. For
example, type (d30) in the Parameter(s) field of the questionnaire item to play the file in
the Backsounds field for 30 seconds. You can find out the length of a sound clip by right
clicking on the file in Windows Explorer and selecting Properties.

Note about Sounds versus BackSounds:

For flexibility in playing sound files, they can be presented as a Sound item 50 or they can
be presented using the Backsounds field in other items. Note that Sound items end
automatically when the next item in the questionnaire file starts, even if the sound file
has not yet completed. In contrast, files in Backsounds field continue until completion
(overlapping subsequent items) or until another file in a different Backsounds field is
encountered. Thus Sounds items and the Backsounds field in other items can be used
strategically to accomplish different effects. Note that if you need to stop a file in the
Backsounds field upon item completion, you can simply insert "silence.wav" from the
Utilities folder in the MediaLab program files in the Backsounds field for the subsequent
item. It is a short silent sound file that will cancel any currently playing BackSound.
 41

5.5 BackVideo

QuickInfo
Display a video in the background as the current item is presented.

Value
By default, MediaLab will play any video file that is supported by the Windows Media
Player. This typically includes .mpg, .avi, .asf, .wmv, .dat, and .mpv video formats.

Purpose
In questionnaire files, all item types except executables, DirectRT and Inquisit sessions
support the Backvideos field. If you would like a video played in the background simply
type in the name of the video file in the Backvideos field of the item.

Advanced Hints
By default, the file in the Backvideos field will be centered on the screen and play at its
encoded size. To specify the location of the backvideo, use the top and left parameters
60 in parentheses after the file name. For example, myvideo.bmp (t50,l200) will place the
backvideo 50 pixels from the top and 200 pixel from the left. To specify the size of the file
in the Backvideos field, use the width parameter 63 in parentheses after the file name.
For example, myvideo.bmp (w300) will play the video at a resolution of 300 by its
proportional height. As with any parameters, you may combine multiple parameters in a
single set of parentheses.

5.6 Filename

QuickInfo
For item types that use files or programs from outside of MediaLab, the Question
Wording/File Name field identifies the location of the external files or programs.

Value
Certain item types in questionnaire files use particular file formats in their Question
Wording/ File Name field:

Item Type Supported File Format

DirectRT Any DirectRT .csv input file
Executable Any .exe program
HTML Any .htm or .html document
 42 MediaLab v2014

Image Any .bmp, .jpg, or .gif image file

Inquisit Any Inquisit experiment file
Movie Any .avi, .mpg, or .mov video file
PowerPoint Any Microsoft PowerPoint .pps file
Sound Any .wav or .mp3 sound file
Word Doc Any Microsoft Word .doc file
WordPerfect Any WordPerfect .wpd file

Double-click on the File field to browse your hard drive and select files instead of having
to type the name. To be safe, you can always specify the complete file path (e.g., "c:
\experiments\myexp\myimage.bmp"). If you specify a complete path, remember to make
sure the path is the same if you load the experiment onto other computers or drives.

Advanced Hints
If the file is located in the same folder as your experiment file, then you can simply enter
the name of the file (e.g., myimage.bmp). If the file is located in a subfolder that is
located in the same folder as your experiment files, then you can enter the name of the
subfolder followed by the name of the file (e.g., images\myimage.bmp). Otherwise, you
need to specify the full path and name of the file you want to present (e.g., c:\mypictures
\myimage.bmp). The advantage of placing the file in the experiment directory (or a
subfolder) is that the experiment folder can then be moved to a different place and you
won't have to worry about checking path names (e.g., c:\..., d:\..., etc.)
Do not place any parameter 57 values in the File Name field. Any relevant parameters
should go in the Parameter(s) field. Parameters should follow the filename only for files in
the Backgrounds 39 , Backsounds 40 , and Backvideos 41 fields.
If you specify a file name ending with .txt for a scale response or fill-in-the-blank item, the
subject's response to the question will be written to that text file preceded by a ~. This is
so that other programs you may want to run during the session have the option of
reading and acting on this information. It was particularly intended for use with DirectRT
so that responses provided by subjects could be used as stimuli in an embedded DirectRT
session.

5.7 GoBack

QuickInfo
If checked, an option will be provided to participants to return to the previous
questionnaire item.

Values
True (checked) or False (unchecked)

Purpose
In the details window of a questionnaire file, you can check the GoBack option for any
questionnaire item. If you check the GoBack option for any given item, then that item will
be provide participants with a "Go Back" button which can be clicked to return to the
previous questionnaire item. This is especially useful if you are concerned about
participants entering responses they might want to go back and change. However, be
 43

aware that only the participants last response to an item is recorded in the data files; if
an item is encountered for a second time after the "Go Back" button is used, any previous
responses to that item are not recorded in the data.

If you check the GoBack option for a sequence of items, then participants will be able to
back up through the questionnaire. Note though that the GoBack function is limited to the
active questionnaire file and will not let participants return to a previous questionnaire
file from that experiment file.

5.8 Item Type

Item Types

Custom 88 Instructions 47 Sound File 50

DirectRT 43 Movie 47 Thought Listing 51

Essay 44 Multiple Response 47 Thought Rating 51

Executable 44 On-Line Rating 48 Voice Response 51

Fill-in-the-Blank 44 PowerPoint Show 48 WebTracker 52

HTML 45 Ranking 49 Word Document 52

Image File 46 Recall List 49 WordPerfect Doc 52

Inquisit Session 47 Scale Response 50

The following are descriptions of the various item types that can be included in a
MediaLab questionnaire. See also information on how to set parameters 57 .

Custom
Can't find what you need? MediaLab now allows you to create your own custom item
types using Visual Basic, Visual C++ or other development platforms using the MediaLab
ActiveX control. You can reuse your custom item type in other experiments or share it
with others. Data are integrated with MediaLab's regular data files. Limited only by your
imagination (ok, and maybe a little programming ability :)) See Creating Custom Item
Types 88 for more information.

DirectRT
To embed a DirectRT session within your questionnaire, simply select the DirectRT item
type and enter the name of the input file in the File field. MediaLab will pass the current
subject and condition values to DirectRT which will run the session and then pass control
back to MediaLab when it's finished. Note: DirectRT takes a few moments to start up and
shut down. It's generally not a good idea to place two DirectRT sessions directly back to
back in your questionnaire. Instead, try separating the sessions with a simple Instruction
item (e.g., that says Click Continue to proceed). See DirectRT for more details on how to
obtain DirectRT and what you can do with it. Note that MediaLab can save certain
responses for later use as stimuli in a DirectRT session. 106
44 MediaLab v2014

Essay
An essay item allows subjects to enter a response of unlimited length. Subjects will be
given your question wording at the top of the screen and a box below it in which to type
their response. Participants can voluntarily end the Essay item using the Esc, which you
can explain in your question wording if you like, or it can automatically end by setting a
time limit with the optional duration parameter 60 . Data for essay questions will
automatically be written to a separate file named with the variable name you assign to
the item.
By default, the essay response box below the question wording takes up the remainder
of the screen. Optionally, you can specify the size of the essay response box using the
height (h) and width (w) parameters 63 and the placement of the essay response box
using the top (t) and left (l) parameters 60 . This allows additional room for question
wording or for background images/html.
Note about reaction times. By default, response times for fill-in-the-blank and essay
questions taken at the time the subject continues to the next item. You can optionally get
it for the first key stroke instead by using (k1) in the Parameter(s) field 60 of the Essay
item.

Executable
In the case that MediaLab can not meet your needs for a particular experiment or
questionnaire, MediaLab will run any other program for you (including DOS, Windows 3.1,
and Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP programs). Simply embed the program within your
questionnaire by selecting the executable item type and specify the file name in the
Question Wording/File Name field. Hint: MediaLab writes the current subject number and
condition to a file called CurrentSubjectInfo.txt at the beginning of every session in case
you want your custom program to access this information. The Visual Basic code to do
this is:

Open "c:\medialab\currentsubjectinfo.txt" For Input As #1

Input #1, subject: subject = Mid(subject, 11, Len(subject) - 10)
Input #1, condition: condition = Mid(condition, 11, Len(condition) - 10)
Close #1
If your program uses command line arguments, you can specify them with the optional
command line parameter 59 . You can also run executable programs for all other item
types in a questionnaire file by appending the letter c to the beginning the file name of
the executable program and placing it in the Parameter(s) field of that item, e.g.,
(p7,cmyprog.exe). This is especially useful for programs that should run silently in the
background as MediaLab will not attempt to keep the executable program visually in the
foreground unless it is launched via the Executable item type.
Note that embedded executables can not integrate their data with MediaLab's. If this is
something you need then this can be accomplished with a Custom item 88 .

Fill-in-the-blank
Exactly as it sounds, fill-in-the-blank items provide the question wording and space for a
short open-ended answer. Fill-in-the-blank responses become available for insertion
within the question wording and response options 76 of subsequent items.
You can limit the response to a number by using the range (r) parameter 62 . Both
positive and negative values are permitted when using the range parameter. For
example, to accept only a valid age, you might use (r16-125) which would require a
response between 16 and 125. The user will be prompted to enter a number within that
 45

range if they fail to do so.

You can also use the mask (m) parameter 61 to specify the number of characters allowed
in the response and whether each is fixed or free. For example, the parameter (m*****)
will provide five blanks. The parameter (m***ck) will offer three blanks followed by "ck".
Fixing characters in this way allows subjects to offer partial responses such as in a word
completion task.
You can also combine the range and mask parameters. For example, the parameters
(m*********, r100000000-999999999) could be used to prompt the subject for a valid,
nine-digit social security number.
In cases where you need more space for a fill-in-the-blank item, you can use the optional
space (s) parameter 62 to tell MediaLab how many lines of text you want to allow. For
example, a parameter of (s3) will provide three lines of text instead of one (the default).
Note that if you specify more than 1 line, the Enter key will not send the subject to the
next item but rather to the next line in the text box. The Escape key may be used as an
alternative to the Enter key in such cases.
in the same way you would use them for an image or essay item, you also use the top (t)
and left (l) parameters 60 to control the placement of the response box as well as the
height (h) and width (w) 63 parameters to control the size of the response box .
Note about reaction times. By default, response times for fill-in-the-blank and essay
questions taken at the time the subject continues to the next item. You can optionally get
it for the first key stroke instead by using the parameter (k1) 60 .

HTML
Displays an HTML file exactly as it would appear in Microsoft's Internet Explorer. MediaLab
will open a full screen browser window to display the HTML or other URL that you specify.
The HTML page will be fully active so that the subject can click on hyperlinks or other
objects and browse to other pages that you make available. HTML files can be located
either locally or on the internet. Simply choose the HTML item and then enter the location
of the HTML file in the Question Wording/File Name field (e.g., c:\experiment\stim1.htm, or
www.mysite.edu/stim1.htm). Both .htm and .html are acceptable suffixes. To limit
browsing by time, use the duration parameter 60 ; otherwise, the subject can click
Continue to proceed. Any Java or ActiveX applications will be fully supported.
Optionally, you can have navigation buttons appear while HTML pages are displayed. You
can display any or all of: back, forward, home (will return to the starting URL), refresh and
search. To enable this option, simply create a text file in your experiment folder called
"browser.txt" and copy the following into it, changing true to false for any buttons you do
not want displayed.

back = true
forward = true
stop = true
home = true
refresh = true
search = true
Note that the HTML item is capable of displaying many other file types than just HTML.
Essentially, MediaLab passes whatever file or URL you specify to the Internet Explorer
Browser engine. So, if you can view it in Explorer, then you can present it using the HTML
item type. So if you have a file of any type that you want to display in MediaLab, try
specifying it as the filename in an HTML item (see also Word Document item below).
Caution: HTML pages that require input may have a subject pressing the spacebar as a
part of that input. Since the spacebar is also used in MediaLab to continue with the next
46 MediaLab v2014

item, this can cause a conflict. If this applicable to your HTML file, you can add a (k-1)
parameter 60 to disable the spacebar as a means to proceed to next item.

Image File
Displays an image file. MediaLab supports BMP, GIF and JPG image formats. You can
specify the location of the image on the screen using the optional top and left parameters
60 . Hint: To display two images at a time you can select a background 39 image and
place it accordingly, or you can insert multiple images in an HTML or Word file and then
simply present that instead. To get ratings of an image, use a Scale Response and use
the image as a background image.

Images by default appear in their actual dimensions. Optionally, you can use the height
and width parameters to specify the image display size. Note that if you size an image
using the height and width parameters 63 you need to also specify the top and left
parameters 60 otherwise it will appear in the top left corner of the screen by default.
Note that size and location parameters vary slight depending on your display settings.
MediaLab provides a guide for understanding these values in the Help menu with an
option called "Show Location Points:

Advanced Hints: BMP files will load faster than JPG or GIF formats because they do not
have to first decompress. Also, 256 (8-bit) color images will load much faster than images
encoded with thousands or millions of colors. Most image editing programs will allow you
to convert images to 256 colors without a noticeable degradation in quality. If you do see
a noticeable difference, try another image editor (e.g., IrfanView is very good and can be
downloaded from http://www.irfanview.com). All MediaLab images (e.g., the blue screen,
the MediaLab rats, the opening splash screen, etc. are 256 color images. The reason the
display should be set to thousands or millions of colors is so that multiple 256-color
images can be displayed simultaneously.
 47

Inquisit
To embed an Inquisit session within your questionnaire you must have Inquisit build 1.25
(except build 1.32) or later installed and operational (see www.millisecond.com). Simply
select the Inquisit item type and enter the name of the Inquisit experiment file in the File
field. MediaLab will pass the current subject values to Inquisit which will run the session
and then pass control back to MediaLab when it's finished.

Instructions
For many instructions, you may not want to go to the effort of creating a Word or HTML
document. In many cases, simple text will do it. In such cases, choose the Instructions
item and provide the text you want displayed in the Question Wording/File Name field.
Instructions items have a number of options to control their appearance. You can control
the positioning of instruction text using the top and left parameters 60 . You can also
embed images, html, sound and video in an instruction item by using the BackGround 39 ,
BackSound 40 , or BackVideo 41 fields on any Instructions screen.
Instruction items also allow you to specify the onset parameter 61 like other items to
create a delay before the text appears. Note that the response time 69 (if you choose to
record it) will include the onset value.
To control the amount of time that instructions are presented, you can use the duration
parameter 60 as you would with other item types. Instruction items also offer a unique
option you can use to create a minimum exposure time. On any instruction item, if you
use a negative duration value (e.g., d-10) then the Continue button will not appear until
that many seconds have passed. You can use this option to ensure that subjects are
exposed to some information for a minimum amount of time, after which they may
proceed when ready.
By using the x parameter 61 , you can require that a password be entered to continue
beyond the instruction screen. This is a handy way to prevent subjects from continuing
after a certain point without experimenter intervention. Note that you can also set a
password for the end of all experiments in the Preferences 83 section of the toolbar of
the main MediaLab menu.

Movie
Presents a video file. By default, MediaLab will play any video file that is supported by the
Windows Media Player. This typically includes .mpg, .avi, .asf, .wmv, .dat, and .mpv video
formats.
You can specify the location of the video on the screen using the optional top and left
parameters 60 . You can specify the size of the video using the width parameter 63 (the
height will automatically be set in proportion). Movies can also be shown simultaneous
with most other items types by specifying a video file in the Backvideo 41 field.

Multiple Response
The "check all that apply" multiple response format is the standard format to use when
you want to offer closed ended response alternatives AND allow subjects to select one or
more of the response alternatives. Use from 1 to 12 response options and provide a text
label for each. Subjects can select and deselect multiple response options by hitting the
appropriate key or clicking the appropriate button with the mouse. You can also have
them use the function keys (F1 through F12) in order to respond when 10 or more
alternatives are presented. MediaLab will create a unique variable for each option and
record whether or not each item was selected (1) or not (0).
48 MediaLab v2014

Multiple response items require the p parameter 61 to indicate how many response
options to use, e.g., (p5) for five options. You can optionally add a range parameter 62 to
specify a minimum and/or maximum number of responses to take. For example, (p5,r1-3)
would require that the subject choose at least 1 and no more than 3 of the 5 options. To
require a single response, you could specify r1-1. Multiple response items support the
BackGround 39 , BackSound 40 , or BackVideo 41 fields.
You can also now include <specify> in the text label of any response option. This will not
be displayed to the subject but will cause MediaLab to prompt subjects to enter a text
response. This is handy in cases where you want to provide an alternative such as
"other." For example, if you wanted the seventh option to be "other" and you wanted
subjects to specify what "other" means, then enter other <specify> for the text label. The
actual text response will be written to the data file instead of whether or not the item
was selected. If you choose to use this feature, you should select the Write As Text
option for the variable since a numeric variable in SPSS will not be able to store a text
response.
Multiple Response items support all of the same optional parameters as Scale Responses
50 (below).

On-Line Rating
The on-line rating feature allows you to capture continuous response data from subjects
over the course of an entire item (e.g., movie, sound file, timed image or document).
Using either a joystick (default if one is connected) or the left and right arrow keys,
subjects will be asked to give continuous rating feedback for the duration of the item
following the on-line rating item. All you need to do is set the number of scale points for
the rating scale and the text labels for the scale points (use none to leave a label blank).
When the subsequent item starts, MediaLab will present the online rating scale which
subjects can move up or down by using the joystick or arrow keys. MediaLab will take 10
samples every second and average these to provide a value for that second. MediaLab
will continue doing so for the duration of the item and then write these values to a
separate data file which will be named after the item being rated. For example, if you
have subjects perform an online rating of a movie item called movie1, then all the online
data will be stored in a file called movie1_online.csv. This file can be opened in Excel or
other spreadsheet application for viewing.
Note that there is also a viewer included in the Utilities folder called "OnLineViewer". You
can open any online output file to view the data plotted as a continuous graph with this
program. You can also select by subject, by condition and you can set the time interval
you want to see plotted. At any time, you can also copy the plotted values and paste
them into Excel or another spreadsheet for further manipulation or graphing. There is
also a joystick calibration program located in the Utilities folder as well.

PowerPoint Show
Presents a Microsoft PowerPoint show. This is an ideal way to present impressively
formatted sequential display screens. Using PowerPoint, simply create a slide show and
then save the file as a PowerPoint show (.pps format). Then, enter the filename in the
Experiment editor in the position and condition(s) you want it to occur or enter it as an
item within a questionnaire. PowerPoint shows do not require any parameters.
Hint: If you are new to PowerPoint, follow these steps to create your first slide show.
Open PowerPoint and select File->New from the main menu. Choose the Presentations
file tab and select a template (the Business Plan, Standard is very cool).
Click on the text and replace it with whatever you like (e.g., ‘Welcome to the
experiment!"). Use the Page Down key to advance to the next slide and edit it as well.
 49

Add new slides with the Insert->New Slide command. Delete slides with the Edit-
>Delete Slide command.

When you're happy with the show, select File->Save As from the main menu. In the
window that appears, click on the Save As Type box and select PowerPoint Show
(*.pps). Enter a name for the file.
Drop it into your questionnaire or experiment file. You're done!

Hint: Open PowerPoint and go to Tools->Options->View->SlideShow and click off all

three options. This will eliminate the right clicking/popup issue as well as eliminate the
"end of slide show" screen in case you're getting that as well.

Ranking
With the ranking item, you can give subjects up 12 items to rank in any order they
choose. The items will appear as labels that subjects will be able to drag and drop into a
special ranking area using the mouse. To design your ranking item, first enter a points
parameter 61 to indicate how many items you want to have subjects rank. For example,
to have 6 items ranked, enter (p6) in the Parameter(s) field. This will allow you to enter
those 6 items in the text labels area. Enter any text you like. To have participants rank
images, enter the name of each image file in a text label field. For examples of ranking
(standard and with images), visit our Experiment Sharing area at support.empirisoft.com.
That is all that's necessary for a ranking item, but there are a number of formatting
options. For example, you may choose to have an instruction window pop up at the start
of the item. You can do so by entering text in the Question Wording/File Name field for the
item. Subjects will be able to bring these instructions up again at any time by clicking the
Instructions label at the bottom of the screen.
You can display labels at the top and bottom of the ranking area such as "Most
Important" and "Least Important" so that subjects know which items go toward the top
and which go toward the bottom. To do so enter these labels in the Question Wording/File
Name field after the instructions (if any) like this:
=Most Important, Least Important
If you don't have any question wording then you can simply type the labels in the
question wording field preceded by an equals sign.
By default, the ranking items will be as wide as they need to be to fit on one line. Long
words and phrases will consequently be wider than short words and phrases. If you
have entire sentences being ranked, you may find they are too wide. There are two ways
to control the size of the items. First, you can specify a width parameter 63 . This will force
the items to be a constant width and the text will wrap to accommodate the width—i.e.,
becoming multi-lined. A second way you can control the size is by specifying a spacing
parameter 62 . E.g., to display 6 items with a fixed width of 250 pixels and a font size of 7,
you would use parameter values of: (p6,w250,s7).
When saving the data, MediaLab will create a unique variable for each of your ranked
items and save it's ordinal value in the ranking as its value. For example, if your ranking
item's variable name were "rk1", then the fourth item in your list will be called rk1_04. If
that forth item were ranked second, the value of rk1_04 would be 2. If you select the
Write Reaction Time option for a ranking item, you will also get the first time each item
was selected by the subject—these values will be recorded as typical RTs using the same
variable name preceded with a t (e.g., trk1_04).

Recall List
Allows subjects to indicate what they can recall, one memory at a time. Operates in the
same was as thought listings 51 (see below). Recall list items support the BackGround 39 ,
50 MediaLab v2014

BackSound 40 , or BackVideo 41 fields.

Scale Response
The scale response format is the standard format to use when you want to offer multiple
closed ended response alternatives. Use from 1 to 12 response options and provide a
text label for each. Subjects can select a response option by either using the number key
that corresponds to the alternative (1 through 9) or you can have them use the function
keys (F1 through F12) in order to respond when 10 or more alternatives are presented.
Scale responses require the points parameter 61 to indicate how many scale points to
use, e.g., (p5) for a five point scale. Scale responses support the BackGround 39 ,
BackSound 40 , or BackVideo 41 fields. The selected response also become available for
insertion within the question wording of subsequent items 76 .
By default, scale responses offer a single line for the text labels. In cases where you
need more space because of long labels, you can use the spacing parameter 62 . This
allows you to create more space for labels with lots of text or if you're using an html file
for your labels. For example, if you want to "double-space" your response options to
create more space, use the parameter (s2), or (s3) to triple space, or (s1.5) to add a half
space and so on. You can enter any value from 1 to 5 and decimals are ok. This will
produce evenly spaced response options with as many extra lines per item as you need.
Importantly you can do this on an item by item basis--the default of course is single
space if you don't specify the space parameter.
By default, scale responses are presented vertically. They can be presented using a
horizontal format by using the width parameter 63 to specify the width of the scale (see
Help -> Show Location Points for help with sizing on your system). For example, (w.7)
would make the scale span 70% of the screen width. Scales will be centered in this
space.
With both horizontal and vertical scale formats, you can specify how far down the buttons
appear by using the top parameter 60 . This can help to create more space for extra
question wording. Note that if you don't see your scale you might have moved it down
too far (i.e., try a smaller top value).
To force a subject to answer with a correct response you can enter the item's variable
name in Skip to field for any incorrect answers. For example, if a question's variable name
is q1 then simply enter q1 in the Skip to field for any response options that are wrong. If
one of these options is selected, the subject will be prompted to try again. Response
times 69 will reflect the time of the first correct answer.

Finally, you may want a subject to specify their answer if, for example, you give the an
"Other" option. Just include <specify> in the text label of the response option. This will
not be displayed to the subject but will cause MediaLab to prompt subjects to enter a
text response if they choose this option. For example, if you wanted the seventh option
to be "other" and you wanted subjects to specify what "other" means, then enter other
<specify> for the text label. The actual text response will be written to the data file
instead of response number. If you choose to use this feature, you should select the
Write As Text 69 option for the variable since a numeric variable in SPSS will not be able
to store a text response.

Sound File
Plays a .WAV or .MP3 format sound file. For WAV files, larger sound files may take a few
seconds or longer to load. Note that 8-bit mono sound files will load and play much faster
than will 16 bit stereo sounds. In contrast, MP3 audio files are much smaller in size and
will start to play immediately. Importantly, MP3 sound files are compressed with virtually
no loss in sound quality! Sound files support the BackGround 39 , BackSound 40 (which
will play simultaneously), or BackVideo 41 fields.
 51

Note about Sounds v ersus BackSounds

For flexibility in playing sound files, they can be presented as a Sound item or they can be
presented as BackSounds to other items. Note that Sound items end automatically when
the next item appears even if they have not yet completed. In contrast, BackSounds
continue until completion (overlapping subsequent items) or until a file in another
BackSound field of a different item is encountered. Thus Sounds and BackSound can be
used strategically to accomplish different effects. Note that if you need to stop a
BackSound upon item completion then you can simply insert "silence.wav" in the
Backsound field for the subsequent item. It is a short silent sound file that will cancel any
currently playing BackSound. Silence.wav can be found in the Utilities folder.

Thought Listing
The thought listing item is used when multiple open-ended responses are desired for a
single question. For example, a common use for this item type is to expose subjects to
information and then ask them to indicate the thoughts that occurred to them during
exposure. Thought listing items require the n parameter 61 to indicate the number of
responses you want listed, e.g., (n4) for four thoughts. You can also specify a time limit
for the thought listing item using the duration parameter 60 . Note also that the escape
key will end the thought listing question. You can optionally inform subjects of this so that
they can continue whenever they are done listing their thoughts.

Thought Rating
MediaLab allows you to have subjects rate their own open-ended responses from
thought or recall lists on any dimension you like. The thought rating item works much like
a scale response but feeds back to subjects their responses from an earlier thought or
recall list question. To do this, you need to specify the variable name you gave to the
thought or recall list from which MediaLab is to supply the responses. For example, say
subjects listed their thoughts earlier in a variable you named tlist. To have subjects later
rate these thoughts using a thought rating item (for example how positive or negative
each thought was), you would specify (qtlist) in the Parameter(s) field your though rating
item. Note that for thought rating items, you must also specify the number of scale points
parameter the points parameter 61 . Thought rating items support all of the same
optional parameters as Scale Responses (above) as well as the BackGround 39 ,
BackSound 40 , or BackVideo 41 fields.
You can also include <specify> in the text label of any response option. This will not be
displayed to the subject but will cause MediaLab to prompt subjects to enter a text
response. This is handy in cases where you want to provide an alternative such as other.
For example,iIf you wanted the seventh option to be other and you wanted subjects to
specify what other means, then enter other <specify> for the text label of the response
choice. The actual text response will be written to the data file instead of whether or not
the item was selected. If you choose to use this feature, you should select the Write As
Text 69 option for the variable since a numeric variable in SPSS will not be able to store a
text response.

Voice Response
MediaLab allows you to record voice responses and optionally measure the reaction time
of those responses. To save a voice response as a sound file, simply enter a name in the
Question Wording/File Name field of the Voice Response item. It will automatically be
saved by that name in a Voice subfolder within the main Data folder. If you specify none
then no sound file will be saved. If you check Write Reaction Time 69 then you will get the
latency of the response in milliseconds. You can check this option and specify none for the
filename if you are interested only in the RT.
52 MediaLab v2014

By default, MediaLab will record the voice response until the subject clicks Continue. You
can optionally specify a duration parameter 60 to record the voice response for a fixed
time. For example, (d5) would record a voice response for 5 seconds and then
automatically continue to the next item.

Voice Response Setup

Recording voice responses and voice RTs requires that Microsoft's DirectX, Version 7 or
later be installed on your system. You can determine what version (if any) you have by
typing dxdiag from the Run command on the Windows Start Menu. DirectX can be
downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=35.

You will need to make sure you have a microphone connected to the microphone input
connector on your sound card. You will also need to make sure that the microphone is
active and able to record. Finally, you will need to tell MediaLab how sensitive it should
be in detecting response times.
To make all this easier, MediaLab comes with a tool called SoundCheck in the Utilities
folder. After making sure your microphone is plugged into your soundcard, click Monitor
and speak into the microphone. If all is well, you should see the bar labeled Microphone
Level respond immediately to your voice. If that works, then click Stop to end the
monitoring. Now try a sample voice rt. Click Test RT and then speak into the microphone.
SoundCheck should report the response time in milliseconds.
If you need to speak too loudly to set off the test, then try moving the sensitivity slider
toward the left. If the test is set off too easily, then try moving the sensitivity slider
toward the right. Try this until you find an RT sensitivity that works well for you. When
you are happy with the sensitivity, click Save. This will make the new sensitivity level
available to MediaLab when you run a session with voice responses. It is advisable to run
a few test RTs on any machine before running a MediaLab session with voice responses
for the first time. Note: Some users have reported that optimal performance for Voice RTs
requires restarting MediaLab between sessions. While we work on figuring out why, we'll
simply pass on this recommendation.

Web Tracker
The HTML item type allows you to present HTML and other "browser-compatible" files.
The WebTracker item extends this functionality by tracking a subject's behavior while
browsing through a sequence of HTML or other browser-compatible files. It stores each
link that the subject follows as well as the time at which the link was followed and how
long the subject stayed there before continuing to the next link. The item ends when the
subject clicks the "Continue" button. These data are all written to a separate
spreadsheet file (.csv) that will be named after the variable name you assigned to the
WebTracker item and will be located in the experiment's data folder.

Word and WordPerfect Documents

Note: Some systems have a hard time displaying Word documents. If you have any
trouble, simply save your documents in Word as HTML (using Save As) and then present
them as HTML items instead.
Present nicely formatted text by inserting a Word or WordPerfect document. Since
MediaLab presents these documents exactly as they appear when you see them in Word
or WordPerfect, you can exploit all of the formatting power available in these
applications. Basically, however it looks in Word or WordPerfect is how it's going to look
in MediaLab. You can even embed images or other objects in your document and they will
appear in MediaLab. Word and WordPerfect documents support BackSound 40 , or
BackVideo 41 fields. Each application must be installed on the system in order to take
advantage of this functionality.
 53

Some important considerations for using Word and WordPerfect documents with
MediaLab

Each screen you want to show must be a separate Word/WordPerfect document.

Documents that will not fit on one screen can be broken up, saved as separate files
and presented sequentially. If you need all of your document presented in one long
sequential file that users can scroll through, consider saving your file as HTML and
presenting it as an HTML item (see above)
Document margins and text size will depend on your display resolution. Wider
documents can be viewed when your monitor display is set at 800x600 than when it is
set at 640x480 and so forth.

Some documents may appear without regard to their top and left margins (i.e., the text
will appear to the very left and very top of the screen). If you experience this, don't
bother to adjust your margins. Instead, select the text and increase the paragraph
indentation (on the menu, select format > paragraph.). For extra space at the top, insert
hard returns. This solves the problem.
Microsoft Word may warn you about macros when MediaLab attempts to present a
Word file. You can choose to disable macros, or you can save your documents without
macros. Either way, if this happens, you can tell Word not to warn you about this every
time so that this window does not pop up every time MediaLab displays a document
with macros in it.
MediaLab uses a 2-second keyboard/mouse cancellation buffer for Word/WordPerfect
documents to avoid accidental skipping of Word documents. This is done because Word
documents may take a second or two to load and subjects may "continue" repeatedly
while this is happening.
Note that Word Document item is also capable of displaying many other file types than
just Word Documents. If you have a file of any type that you want to display in MediaLab,
try specifying it as the filename for Word Document items (see also HTML items above).
MediaLab will attempt to cooperate with the file's usual program to have it displayed
correctly (e.g., an Adobe Acrobat file, an Excel Spreadsheet, a Flash Presentation, etc.).
Of course this depends on how cooperative the other program is but it's definitely worth
checking if you're curious.

See also
Appendix A: Unusual Task Specific Features 106 for a few functions that are task specific.

5.9 Item Wording/File

QuickInfo
Identifies the question wording for the questionnaire item type being presented.

Value – as Question Wording

Use Question Wording/ File Name field to create the question wording for the following
item types:
Fill-in-the-blank
Instructions
54 MediaLab v2014

Multiple Response
Recall Listing

Scale Response
Thought-listing
Thought-Rating

Hints – as Question Wording

Click Details for a more flexible editing space.
A very simple solution for more elaborate or formatted instructions is to simply insert
them in a html, word or word perfect document and present that as its own item.

Advanced Hints – as Question Wording

If you want more formatting control over question wording you can insert HTML anywhere
on any question item by specifying an HTML file or URL in the BackGround 39 field for the
item. This way you can create whatever you like and present it in place of (or in addition
to) the usual instruction text. Note that you must specify the area in the which the HTML
should appear or it may hide other parts of the question item.
You can insert the value of a subject's prior response to any fill-in-the blank or scale
response item by typing the appropriate variable name surrounded by < > within any
question wording text. For example, if you had previously asked subjects about their race
using a fill-in-the-blank question or a scale response and you had called this variable
race, then you could insert the subjects response in a subsequent question wording like
this: What percentage of your friends are <race>? For scale responses, the text label of
the selected response is used.

Apply param eters to question wording

You can add parameters in the question wording itself specific to the question wording on
any item that supports question wording. You can add top (t) and left (l) parameters 60
to define the questions location on the screen as well as width (w) and height (h)
parameters 63 to define boundaries of the presentation box of the wording. To do so,
use the key word "param" at the end of your question wording followed by your
parameters in parentheses. For example, you could enter the following in the Questoin
Wording/ File Name field:
Please answer the following questions. When you're done, feel proud you did a good
thing. param(t200,l100,w200,h100).
This would cause the the question wording to appear 200 pixels down and 100 pixels to
the right of the top left corner of the screen in a box three lines high and five words wide.
You may have to try a few combinations of settings before you find one you like.
You can also add an "a" parameter to set the alignment of the text. By default it will be
left aligned. For right alignment, add "a1". For center alignment, add "a2". e.g., "The
quick brown fox jumped off the roof. param(a1)" will be right aligned. "The quick brown
fox jumped off the roof. param(a2,t.5)" will center the sentence horizontally on the
screen and the top of the text will be located 50% of the way down the screen.
 55

5.10 Labels

QuickInfo
For scale response, multiple response, thought rating, and online rating item types,
the buttons labels determine what is shown on the buttons when that item is
displayed onscreen. The default labels are the numbers from 1 to 12, starting with
the top response option. These values can be changed to whatever you want (e.g., A,
B, C, -1, -2, -3, etc.).
When using the keyboard, these numbers correspond to what number key (1-9 for
the first 9 options) and/or function key (F1-F12 for any of the 12 options) can be
pressed to select a button. However, any button can be selected using a mouse to
move the cursor to the desired button and left-clicking it.

Advanced Hints
You can modify the the size, format and location of response options and buttons using
the Text Label 67 field to the right of the Label field.
On scale responses and thought ratings, the default value written to the data file is
always the ordinal value of the response option. For example, if the first option is chosen
then a 1 is written to the data file—no matter what is in the Label field for that button. For
multiple response items, a button that is chosen and shows a check mark when the
Continue button is pressed will be recorded as 1 while buttons that are not chosen are
recorded as 0.
For all of these item types you can specify an alternate value to record in the data file for
any given response option by placing it in squiggly brackets {} after the text label like so:

Starting with the "strongly disagree" option and going down the list, these options will
now be recorded as -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Note that the value can be text or
numeric although numeric is recommended. If you use text, make sure the Write as Text
69 option is checked for the item.

Input via Serial Port

As an alternative to keyboard input, you can receive input from external devices such as
response boxes via the serial port. To do so you just need to create a file called
"comport.txt" in your experiment folder and copy the following text into it:
 56 MediaLab v2014

comPort, baudRate, parity, dataBit, stopBit

1,19200,n,8,1
input code (1-255), response value (1-12)
1,1
2,2
3,3
4,4
5,5
6,6

You should not modify the first or third line. The second line represents the values of the
variables listed on the first line. You can change any of these as necessary. The
remaining lines tell MediaLab how to map incoming signals to response keys. On each line
you can list a pair where the first value is the signal sent to the serial port (i.e., 1-255)
and the second value is the response it should map on to (i.e., 1 to 12). In the example
above, if MediaLab detects a "1" coming through the serial port, it will react as though
the 1 or F1 key had just been pressed. See the Serial Data 107 section for more
information.

5.11 Name

QuickInfo
Identifies the item name and provides a variable name for the data file.

Values
Any string, up to 60 characters. Keep in mind though that some statistical packages and
spreadsheet applications may still have difficulty working with longer variable names.
Avoid spaces, special characters and variable names that start with a number. Be sure to
view and analyze some practice data before going too crazy with this feature.

Purpose
This field is the variable name. A unique name is required for every item in the
questionnaire. This is the name that will be written to the SPSS and SAS input files. For
items that collect multiple responses, numbers will be appended to the name. Item
names also allow for skip patterns 66 and thought ratings 51 and for the insertion of
subjects' responses into later question wordings 76 .

Hints
Most data analysis programs react negatively to a few things that can be avoided here.
For example:
Avoid variable names that begin with a number.

Avoid using the same variable name for different items.

Some other things to know:

Reaction times are represented in you data input file by a 't' added to the
corresponding variable names.
Questions that gather multiple responses (e.g., a thought listing question named thlist)
are represented by an incremental index appended to the variable name (e.g., thlist_1,
 57

thlist_2, thlist_3, etc.). Consequently, to keep the output variable name to a maximum
of 8 characters, keep in mind that 2 to 4 additional characters will be appended to the
variable name (e.g., _4, _12, plus a t prefix for the reaction time variables if they’re
being recorded). If you always limit such variable names to a maximum of four
characters you will always be safe.

5.12 Omit Conditions

QuickInfo
Omits the particular question in the conditions specified. Response is assigned a
missing value.

Details
Although you may want to administer a given questionnaire in multiple conditions, you
may want to skip certain items in some conditions. To skip the item, simply enter the
condition(s) that are not to receive the item in the omit conditions field.

Example
Subjects watch a video about sexual harassment of women in the workplace by male co-
workers. Afterwards they fill out a female sexual harassment questionnaire. Men are all
assigned to condition 1 and women are assigned to condition 2. The question "Have you
ever been sexually harassed by a male co-worker?" is to be omitted for male subjects.
Therefore, in the Omit Conditions field, there will be a (1). The question "Have you ever
sexually harassed a female co-worker" is to be omitted for female subjects, and so (2) is
placed in the Omit Conditions field.
If more than one condition should not get the item, then separate the conditions with
commas, e.g., (1,2,6,cond3).

5.13 Parameters

QuickInfo

This is about as difficult as MediaLab gets. Parameters supply additional information

for the presentation of certain questionnaire items. Most are optional but a few are
required for certain item types. Parameters can be given in any order, must be
separated by commas, and the entire set must be enclosed in a single set of
parentheses. Note that parameters also can be set for background, backsound, and
backvideo files following the same rules except that their parameters are entered
after the filename rather than in the Param eter(s) field.

Parameters

$ quickstyle 59

@ time stamp 59
58 MediaLab v2014

c command line arguments 59

d duration for timed items 60

h height 63

k key 60

l left position 60

m mask 61

n number of thoughts to take 61

o question wording onset 61

p number of scale points (1-12) 61

q target question for thought rating 62

r range 62

s spacing 62

t top position 60

ttl send ttl signal 62

w width 63

x password required to continue 61

Parameters for Different Item Types – Required parameters are in bold CAPS

All Items 43 $quickstyle, @time stamp, ttlsignal,

command, -key
Custom 43 none
DirectRT 43 none
Essay 44 duration, top, left, width, height, key
Executable 44 command line arguments
Fill-in-the-Blank 44 duration, top, left, width, height,
mask, range, key
HTML 45 duration
Image File 46 top, left, width, height, duration
Inquisit Session 47 none
 59

Instructions 47 duration, password, onset, top, left

Movie 47 top, left, width
Multiple Response 47 Points, top, spacing, onset, range
On-Line Rating 48 Points
PowerPoint Show 48 none
Ranking 49 Points, spacing, width
Recall List 49 Number, duration, onset
Scale Response 50 Points, top, spacing, onset, width,
left
Sound File 50 duration
Thought Listing 51 Number, duration, onset, width, left
Thought Rating 51 Question, Points, top, spacing,
onset, width, left
Voice Response 51 duration
WebTracker 52 none
Word Document 52 duration
WordPerfect Doc 52 duration

Details
Note: (optional) indicates the parameter is NEVER a required parameter of ANY item type.

$ quickstyle (optional)
To apply custom color and font settings to a questionnaire item, you can create a
QuickStyle 84 file from the Preferences menu. To apply it to a questionnaire item you can
enter the name of the QuickStyle file precede by a $, e.g., ($mystyle). The style will
remain in effect until you apply different style file on a subsequent item or enter $off as a
parameter for a subsequent item.

@ tim e stam p (optional)

By entering @ as a parameter for any item in a questionnaire, you can have MediaLab
write a time stamp at the onset of that item in order to keep track of events in real time.
When you do this, a time stamp will be appended to a file called "timestamps.csv" located
in the Data folder. Each time stamp will include the Subject ID, the variable name, the
time at which the item started (e.g., 12:33:22), the milliseconds elapsed from the
beginning of the experiment and the number of milliseconds passed since the last
timestamp. The timestamp function can be used with all item types.

com m and- line argum ents (optional)

For executables that allow for command line arguments, you can specify the arguments
you want to send with the c parameter. Just type in the arguments preceded by a c (e.g.,
c/myargument). Follow any arguments with max and the application will be run in a
maximized window (e.g., cmax, or c/myarguments max).
For other item types, an executable file may be launched at the start of the item by
adding a "c" parameter followed by the file name. For example, (p7,cmyprog.exe) in the
60 MediaLab v2014

Parameter(s) field would cause myprog.exe to launch at the start of a 7pt scale response.
This is especially useful for programs that should run silently in the background as
MediaLab will not attempt to keep the program visually in the foreground unless it is
launched via the regular Executable item 44 type.

duration for tim ed item s (optional)

The default for many item types (e.g., instructions, essays, Word documents, fill-in-the-
blank, thought and recall lists, image files) is to click on Continue to proceed. Optionally,
you can set a duration parameter d followed by a number to display these items for a set
amount of time and then automatically proceed to the next available item. For example, if
you wanted an instruction or an image to be displayed for 30 seconds and then
automatically continue, you would specify (d30). An integer value greater than or equal to
1 is required.
Instruction items also offer a special option you can use to create a minimum exposure
time. On any instruction item, if you use a negative duration value (e.g., d-10) then the
‘Continue’ button will not appear until that many seconds have passed. You can use this
option to ensure that subjects are exposed to some information for a minimum amount of
time, after which they may proceed when ready. Remember that you can always embed
images & html, sound and video in an instruction item by using BackGround 39 ,
BackSound 40 , or BackVideo 41 fields, respectively.

key
Open Ended Response Times: By default, response times for fill-in-the-blank and essay
questions are taken at the time the subject continues to the next item. You can optionally
get it for the first key stroke instead by using the parameter (k1).
Disable the Spacebar: HTML pages that require input may have a subject pressing the
space bar as a part of that input. Since the space bar is also used in MediaLab to continue
with the next item, this can cause a conflict. If this applicable to your HTML file, you can
add a (k-1) parameter to disable the space bar as a means to proceed to next item.
Track Key Presses: When used with an essay item, this parameter allows you to record
every time a given key is pressed over a given time period. Simply add the key parameter
to indicate that you want to track a key press response over the duration of the essay.
You need to tell MediaLab what key you want by giving it a code (e.g., k57 will have
MediaLab track the 9 key). There is a utility included in the Utilities folder called
keycodes.exe. It will quickly tell you the code for any key on the keyboard including
function and non-character keys. Just double click the keycodes.exe program and hit any
key to get its code. These codes are NOT the same as the more extensive set of DirectRT
key codes!
Here's an example. You want to track every time the subject hits the 9 key over a 30
second interval. Run keypress.exe and hit the 9 key. You will see that its code is 57. Using
an essay item, enter the parameters (d30,k57). This means the item will be displayed for
30 seconds and track every time the user hits the 9 key. Medialab will write the key
tracking data to a file called the same thing as the essay variable name file but with
"keypress.csv" added to it. You can open the data file in Excel or similar spreadsheet
program. It will indicate the subject and condition IDs and give you the time in milliseconds
from the start of the essay for each time the key was hit.

left position, top position (optional)

These parameters allow you to place an image, text or video exactly where you want it
by specifying the top left corner of its position relative to the top left corner of the
MediaLab window, e.g., (t150,l200). You can also express location and size parameters
as a percentage of the screen. For example, (l.3,t.25) would be a point 30 percent across
the screen from the left and 25 percent down. To use percentages, simply use a value
less than 1 and greater than 0. To determine values appropriate for your display, select
 61

"Showing Location Points" under the main MediaLab Help menu.

The left and top parameters can also specify the left and top position of the essay, fill-in-
the-blank, and thought listing text boxes as well as the text presented in instruction
items. You can also use the top parameter to specify the location of the first button when
using scale responses, multiple responses and thought ratings (e.g., when you need
more room for question wording).

m ask (optional)
You can use the mask parameter to specify the number of characters allowed in a fill-in-
the-blank item as well as whether each is fixed or free. For example, the parameter
(m*****) will provide five blanks that are free to be filled by any character. The
parameter (m***ck) will offer three free blanks preceeded by "m" and followed by "ck".
Fixing characters in this way allows subjects to offer partial responses such as in a word
completion task.
You can also combine the mask and range 62 parameters. For example, the parameters
(m*********, r100000000-999999999) could be used to prompt the subject for a valid,
nine-digit social security number.

num ber of scale points (1- 12)

For scale responses, multiple responses, thought ratings, and on-line rating items you
need to specify the number of scale points you would like MediaLab to display. When you
enter this parameter, MediaLab will then allow you to enter the labels for the number of
points you specify. You can have from 1 to 12 points. For example, to specify a 5-point
scale you would use (p5). Note that when MediaLab runs your experiment, the number
keys (1-9) will work only for a scale of up to 9 points. However, MediaLab will also take
input from the function keys (F1 to F12) so that you can conveniently collect data from a
12 point scale and still assess reaction time. This does not apply to on-line rating items
because input is taken through the arrow keys or joystick.

onset of question wording (optional)

For items that take the onset parameter, you can delay the appearance of the question
wording for a specified number of milliseconds. For example, a 7pt scale response with
the parameters (p7,o750) will reveal the options immediately, but the question wording
will not appear for 750ms.

m axim um num ber of thoughts or recall item s to take

For thought listing and recall list itmes, you need to specify the number of separate
responses you would like to record. For example, if you wanted the subject to list four
thoughts in a thought listing item, then you would specify (n4). If you wanted to them to
list up to 4, you can set a time limit using the duration parameter 60 .

password (x) (optional)

Sometimes you may want the subjects to wait for you to allow them to continue to the
next phase of the experiment. You may also want to prevent the subject from seeing the
MediaLab screen when the experiment is finished. To do this, insert an instruction item
and use the x parameter followed by the password you want to use. For example, if you
wanted to use the password ‘monkey’, then enter (xmonkey) as a parameter value for
the instruction item. Presumably, the experimenter will have to enter this password or tell
subjects what it is at the appropriate time. The characters will be masked (e.g., ******),
so that subjects will not see the password as it is entered. Pressing <Enter> after
entering the correct password will cause MediaLab to continue.
62 MediaLab v2014

range (optional)

You can now limit a fill-in-the-blank item 44 response to a numerical range by using the
range parameter. For example, to accept only a valid age, you might use (r16-125) which
would require a response between 16 and 125. The user will be prompted to enter a
number within that range if they fail to do so. You can optionally combine this with the
mask parameter 61 to provide the appropriate number of spaces for the number. You can
also add a range parameter 62 to multiple response items 47 to specify a minimum and/
or maximum number of responses to take. For example, (p5,r1-3) would require that the
subject choose at least 1 and no more than 3 of the 5 options.

spacing (optional)
For items that use response buttons (i.e., scale responses, multiple responses and
thought ratings) you can use the spacing parameter to create more space for options
with lots of text or if you’re using an html file for your labels. For example, if you want to
"double-space" your response options, use the parameter (s2), or (s3) to triple space, or
(s1.5) to add a half space and so on. Values from 1 to 5, including decimals, are
permitted. This will produce evenly spaced response options with as many extra lines per
item as you need. Importantly you can do this on an item by item basis--the default of
course is single space if you don't specify the space parameter.
For fill-in-the-blank items 44 , you can use the Space parameter to tell MediaLab how
many lines of text you want to allow. For example, a parameter of (s3) will provide three
lines of text instead of one (the default). Note that if you specify more than 1 line, the
Enter key will not send the subject to the next item but rather to the next line in the text
box. The Escape key may be used as an alternative to the Enter key in such cases.

target question for thought rating (q)

MediaLab allows you to have subjects rate their own open-ended responses from
thought or recall list items on any dimension you like. The thought rating item works much
like a scale response but feeds back to subjects their responses from an earlier thought
or recall list item. To do this, you need to specify the variable name you gave to the
thought or recall list item from which MediaLab is to supply the responses in combination
with the q parameter. For example, say subjects listed their thoughts earlier in a variable
you named ‘tlist.’ To have subjects later rate these thoughts using a thought rating item
(for example how positive or negative each thought was), you would specify the
parameter (qtlist) in the Parameter(s) field of your though rating item. Note that for
thought ratings, you must also specify the number of scale points parameter 61 .

ttl signal (optional)

To communicate with external computers or hardware you can send out a signal from
MediaLab at the onset of any item. The signal can be a byte value (any integer from 1-
255). You can send the signal to any port address you like. Make sure you use the
decimal value of the port—not the hex value. For example, the port address of the
parallel port on most systems is 888 (or 378 in Hex). Finally, you can send the signal for
any duration you like before it resets to 0. Specify these three variables in the
parameters field like so:
<value:location:duration>
For example, say you present an image item for 5 seconds and at its onset you want to
send a signal of 255 to port 888 for 10ms. To present it for 5 seconds, you would use
parameter value of (d5). To add the TTL signal at its onset, you would add:
(d5,<255:888:10>)
Note that there is a TTL I/O test utility in the Utilities folder. You can use IOTest.exe to
test whether your external hardware can send and/or receive TTL signals from any given
 63

port. See also Serial Data 107

width, height (optional)

You can specify the width and height of the essay and fill-in-the-blank text boxes using
the width and height parameters to allow for additional room for question wording or for
background images/html, e.g., (h150,w400). To determine values appropriate for your
display, select "Showing Location Points" under the main MediaLab Help menu.
You can also use the height and width parameters to specify the display size of images.
Note that if you size an image using the height and width parameters you need to also
specify the top and left parameters 60 otherwise it will appear in the top left corner by
default.
By default, videos appear in their original size. However, you can set the exact size of the
video using the width parameter. The height will automatically be set in proportion to the
width you specify. For example, if you specify (w200) for a video that is normally 320x240
it will appear as 200x150.
You can express location and size parameters for ANY item type as a percentage of the
screen. E.g., (w.3,h.25) would be a rectangle 30 percent of the screen’s width and 25
percent of its height. To use percentages, simply use a value less than 1 and greater
than 0.
You can also use the following shortcuts rather than specifying an exact width (e.g., w-1,
w2, etc.)
none or w0 = Default Size

w-1 = Full Screen

w-2 = Half Screen

w-3 = One Fourth Screen

w-4 = One Sixteenth Screen

w1 = Double Size

w2 = Half Size

w10 and higher = specified width & proportional height

Examples
Scale Response. To set the number of response options for a scale response to 5: (p5)
Image. To set the top left corner of an image to the center of a 640x480 resolution
screen: (l320,t240) or (l.5,t.5)
Instructions. To require that password be entered before the subject can continue (e.g.,
at the end of the experiment, between phases of the experiment), specify a password
preceded by an x, e.g., (xmonkey).
Movie. To play a video file at full screen: (w-1)
Thought listing. To have subjects list up to 8 thoughts, or until 120 seconds have passed,
which ever comes first: (n8,d120).
Background. For backgrounds, backsounds and backvideos, the parameters are always
entered in parentheses after the filename and are always optional. E.g., For a
background image to be displayed with the top left corner located at the top left corner of
the MediaLab window, specify the background file as: myimage.bmp (t1,l1)
 64 MediaLab v2014

5.14 Position

QuickInfo
Identifies the order in which items are presented in the questionnaire.

Values
Any number. Decimal values are allowed.

Purpose
This field determines the order of the items in the questionnaire file. MediaLab will
automatically sort the items in the questionnaire by these values when you close the file.
You can also manually sort the items at any time using the Sort 37 button.

Hints
To add a new item between two existing items (e.g., 2 and 3), assign it a position value
between the values of the two existing items (e.g., 2.5) and then click the Sort button.
After sorting, you can automatically renumber all of your items as sequential integers by
clicking the Renumber 37 button.

5.15 Randomize Within Groups

QuickInfo
MediaLab will randomly order and present all items sharing the same RWG value.

Value
Any positive integer value

Purpose
You may wish to randomly order and present certain items in your questionnaire file. To
do this, assign the same RWG value to all the items you want to have randomized with
each other. For example, if you have five items you want randomized, assign them each
a 1 in the RWG field of each item. The five items will be randomly presented in the five
positions they occupy in the questionnaire. All other files will be presented in their
assigned positions as long as their RWG value is either 0 or none. You can independently
randomize another group of items by assigning them all a 2, another group with 3s and
so forth.

Example
In your questionnaire, you want to present 1) an instruction screen, 2) five scale
response items randomly ordered, 3) three fill-in-the-blank items randomly ordered, and
4) a final Word document. Assign an RWG value of 0 or none to the instruction screen and
 65

Word document to keep them where they are, a 1 to the five scale response items, and 2
to the three fill-in-the-blank items. That's it. To randomize the order that groups of items
are presented (e.g., whether the scale items or the fill-in-the-blank items are presented
first),see Randomize Between Groups 65 .

Note
For ease of analysis, variables will be written to the data file in the order the occur in the
questionnaire, not in the randomized order in which they are presented.

5.16 Randomize Between Groups

QuickInfo
All items sharing the same RBG value define a group to be kept together. If multiple
groups are defined, then MediaLab will present the groups of items in a random order.

Value
Any positive integer value

Purpose
You may wish to randomly order and present entire groups of items in your questionnaire
(e.g., randomizing whether demographic or personality questions come first in a
questionnaire). To do this, assign the same RBG value to all of the items you want to
keep together. For example, if you have five sets of ten items, and you want to
randomize the order in which these 5 groups of items are presented, then assign each
group a different number in the RBG field and make sure all the items within each group
share the same number for that group. The items within each group will all stay together,
but the groups themselves will be randomly ordered. Items assigned a 0 or none will not
move. Note that all items within a group must be sequential in the questionnaire.

Example
In your questionnaire, you want to present 1) an instruction screen, 2) five scale
response items, 3) three fill-in-the-blank items, and 4) a final Word document. Whether
the scale responses come first or the fill-in-the-blanks come first is to be random. Assign
an RBG value of 0 or none to the instruction screen and Word document to keep them
where they are, a 1 to each of the five scale response items, and a 2 to each of the five
fill-in-the-blank items. When MediaLab runs that questionnaire file, the instruction screen
will always come first, followed randomly by either all 5 of the scale response items or the
three fill-in-the-blank items, and always end with the Word document item. To randomize
the order of the items within each group, see Randomize Within Groups 64 .

Note
For ease of analysis, variables will be written to the data file in the order the occur in the
questionnaire, not in the randomized order in which they are presented.
 66 MediaLab v2014

5.17 Skip To

QuickInfo
The Skip to field allows the Editor to create simple or advanced skip patterns in their
questionnaire.

Details

Conditional Skipping based on Scale Responses

After a scale response, MediaLab checks it for it corresponding Skip To value. If the value
is none, it proceeds to the next question. If it has any other value, it assumes that value
is a variable name and skips each subsequent question until it finds the one with the
variable name that matches the Skip to value it's looking for. Skipped items will be
assigned missing values in the data set.

Unconditional Skipping
In some cases you may want to skip over items unconditionally. Unlike conditional
skipping, you can do this with any item type. For unconditional skipping from a scale
response simply place the same variable name in each Skip To field of all the response
choices. For all other item types, simply enter the variable name you wish to skip to in the
single Skip To field.
Unconditional skipping is especially useful for rejoining subjects who have been
conditionally skipped to various points in the questionnaire so that they end up at a
common place. When they are done their special sections, they can be joined up to the
same question by putting an unconditional skip item at the end of each of their custom
sections. In each case they are all skipped to the same item and continue on with the
same set of items.

Advanced Hints
Combining the skip function with RWG (Randomize-Within Groups) 64 you can achieve
extra randomization functionality. For example, to randomly present 5 of 10 items give all
10 items the same RWG value (e.g., 1). This will randomize their order. Then, embed a
blank instruction item with a delay of 1 second after the fifth item and give it a skip value
to go the item following the tenth randomized item. This will result in the five of the ten
items being presented (which were randomly ordered) after which MediaLab will
automatically skip the remaining 5 unpresented items and proceed with the rest of the
questionnaire.

Skipping a Fixed Num ber of Item s

As an alternative to explicitly naming the variable you want to skip to, you can simply
enter +1, +2, +3, +n, etc. MediaLab will automatically skip that many items without
needing to know the name of a Skip to variable--it will simply resume wherever it ends
up. This is especially nice when the item being skipped to is randomly determined and so
you do not actually know the variable name ahead of time.

Skipping on Multiple Response Item s

You can include Skip to values with multiple response items but they work if and only if
the subject chooses a single response. To be super safe, you can combine this with the
(r1-1) parameter in order to disallow multiple options from being selected. For example,
using (p5,r1-1) in the Parameter(s) field for a 5-item multiple response item will ensure
 67

that only one of the five response options must be chosen and, consequently,
guarantees your skips to work.

5.18 Text Labels

QuickInfo
Text labels provide the response alternatives (e.g., strongly agree, female, >10,000,
and so forth, very positive) for scale response and thought rating items. Simply type
whatever label you want in the Text Label field of a response option. If you specify
none, for a given text label, then that label will appear blank. This can be used, for
example, to create a scale anchored only at the ends.

Hints
You can also now include <specify> in the text label of any response option. This will not
be displayed to the subject but will cause MediaLab to prompt subjects to enter a text
response. This is handy in cases where you want to provide an alternative such as
"other." For example, if you wanted a response option to be labeled as "other" and you
wanted subjects to specify what "other" means, then enter other <specify> in the Text
Label field for that response choice. The actual text response will be written to the data
file.
Also note that copying and pasting a questionnaire item using the <specify> options, all
the copied items will also contain the <specify> option.

Advanced Hints
If you want to specify a specific location for a button you can add top and left parameters
60 to the Text Label field for that response option. For example, if you want to relocate a
button with a text label of "skip this question" then you could type "Skip this question
(t.7,l.7)" in the Text Label field for that response option. That would make the button
appear 70% of the way across and 70% of the way down the screen.
If you want to adjust the size of the button you can add height and width parameters 63
to the Text Label field for that response option. In the example above, if you wanted to
resize the button as well as relocating it, you could type "Skip this question (t.7,l.7)" in
the Text Label field for that response option. This would produce the same result as
above except the label would be 20% of the screen width.
Finally, if you want to place the text label within the button itself, then simply put the text
label in the Label field the parameters in the Text Label field for that response option, like
this:

The result will be:

 68 MediaLab v2014

Inserting Variables in Response Options

You can also insert prior responses 76 from fill-in-the-blank items, scale responses,
multiple responses, and any response.xls variables you have calculated 101 into the
response options of any subsequent questionnaire item that allows response options.
Simply type the item name 56 with a set of <>, like this: <item_name>. For example, if
you have items named "friend1" and "friend2" you could have whatever was recorded for
those items appear in the response options for a later item like this:
1. I would pick <friend1>
2. I would pick <friend2>

Whatever value was recorded for the "friend1" item will appear in place of <friend1>, and
whatever value was recorded for the "friend2" item will appear in place of <friend2>.
Remember that to insert a variable into an item, that variable must first have a response
recorded in the data file.

Using HTML for Labels

If you want to create custom formatted or graphic labels for your scale response options,
you can enter an HTML file or URL in place of the standard text label. This can be used to
present formatted text or images beside each button.
Here is an example. Paste this code into a text file and save it as "label1.htm" in your
experiment folder. You can preview the result by opening the file in Internet Explorer.

<body style="font: 12pt arial; color: navy; background: #ccccff; margin: 0px">
<i>Strongly</i> Agree
</body>
Enter "label1.htm" for your button label and this is how it will appear:

See also
Questoinnaire (.que) Files > Labels 55 , especially for information regarding valid input
options and recoding response data

5.19 Write to Data File

QuickInfo
By checking this field, data will be written to the data file. When the value is unchecked,
MediaLab will not write a value for this variable to the data file and will not include the
variable name in the data input file. See Data 70 for more details.
For item types like Instruction items that do not gather input data, the response "ok" is
written to the data file to confirm that the item was presented (i.e., as opposed to being
skipped). If this you do not to write data from these items for whatever reason (e.g.,
practice trials), simply uncheck the Write to Data File field for that item.
 69

5.20 Write Data as Text

QuickInfo
When the Write as Text field is checked in the Details menu (see below), MediaLab will
write the data to the data file with quotes surrounding it. It will also indicate in the SPSS
input file that the variable format is text; otherwise, value formats are recorded as
numeric. Missing values for items with the Write as Text field checked will also be treated
as text format; otherwise missing data values will be recorded as numeric format.
Typically, this option is checked for item types like essay 44 , recall list 49 , and thought
listing 51 whose data are primarily text, but it can be used with other item types as well.
Also see the Data 70 section of the manual for more details.

5.21 Write Reaction Time

QuickInfo
When the Reaction Time field is checked in the Details menu (see below), the response
time for the item will be written to the main data file. In the data input file which
MediaLab creates, a "t" will be appended to the beginning of that item name 56 in order
to create a new variable name for the response time. You can leave this field unchecked if
you have no interest in assessing the response time for a given item. Also see the Data
70 section of the manual for more details.
70 MediaLab v2014

Viewing Data
By default, data files are written to a Data subfolder located in the same folder as your
experiment (.exp) file. For example, if your experiment were c:\experiments\test\test.exp
then your data would be saved to c:\experiments\test\data\*. If this data subfolder does
not exist when you run a session, MediaLab will create it. The main data file will be given
the same name as the experiment file, but with different file extensions to indicate the
different formats (e.g., .txt for the SPSS text-formatted data, .sav for the native SPSS
data file and .csv for the comma-delimited text files). Data from essay items 44 and on-
line rating items 48 will also be located in the Data subfolder.

You can view these files by browsing through "My Computer" on your desktop to the
appropriate data folder. You can also select View Data from the Data menu in MediaLab--
this will allow you to view any data file (.txt, .csv, .sav) you select. Note that MediaLab
will use the default program your computer uses to view these file types.

Alternative Data Structures

How does MediaLab write the data file given that different subjects can get different
dependent measures? Good question! This was a real challenge, because we wanted to
be able to produce a single data file that could be a constant for all subjects no matter
what condition they were in. As you may know, data are collected during the
administration of questionnaire files (in which anything can be embedded). Subjects can
then receive different questionnaires in different conditions, or the same questionnaires
but in different orders. Before starting an experimental session, MediaLab goes through
the whole experiment file and looks for all the questionnaires you have in all your
conditions. When MediaLab writes the data file, it writes data for ALL the questionnaires
in the experiment, whether or not the subject received them. If a subject did not receive
certain questions or questionnaires then missing values are written. When the subject
has finished, MediaLab writes TWO sets of data files that contain the same information
but are structured differently depending on your needs. These two sets are called
 71

ByQuestionnaire and ByVariablename and can be found in the Data subfolder of your
experiment. Here is the difference between the folders:

ByQuestionnaire
The ByQuestionnaire data folder organizes your data by questionnaire (hence the name).
Before writing the data, MediaLab alphabetically orders all of the questionnaires in the
experiment. MediaLab then writes all of the data for each variable in the first
questionnaire, the second questionnaire and so forth. If a subject did not receive a
particular questionnaire in their condition, then missing values are written. Thus, the final
data file lists variables sorted first by the alphaabetical order of the names of the
questionnaire files used and then by the order of the items as they were programmed
into the questionnaire file. This results in a constant data format no matter which
questionnaires a subject received and the order in which they were administered.

ByVariablename
In contrast, the ByVariablename data folder organizes your data by variable names.
Before writing the data, MediaLab goes through all of the questionnaires in your
experiment and alphabetically orders all of the variable names. It then proceeds to write
the data for all of the variables in this order—regardless of the questionnaire in which
they occurred. Remember that the variables will be in alphabetical order so q10 would
end up following q9; If you are using a naming system like that, you might want to use
q09 instead. Because the ByVariablename data files don't care about which questionnaire
asks the questions, the data for items with identical variable names will all be written to
the same column even if they are asked in different questionnaires. Thus, the final data
file lists all variables in alphabetical order of their item names, regardless of their
questionnaire file or order of presentation during an experiment session. This results in
an extremely easy way to analyze data from most experiments. It is also especially useful
when you want to include the same variable in different questionnaires for different
experimental conditions.

CSV vs TXT vs SAV Files

You will notice that MediaLab writes a .txt file and a .csv file to each folder. The .txt file is
intended to be read into SPSS which has no practical limit on cases or variables. The
accompanying .sps syntax file that is generated will read this .txt file. The .csv file is
intended to be read in by pretty much any spread sheet application such as Excel. Many
people prefer to use Excel method because it's simpler, but note that Excel is limited to
reading in the first 255 variables from your .csv file unless you are using Excel 2007 or
later.
Notice that there is also an .sav file located in the ByVariablename folder. This is a native
SPSS data file that can be opened directly in the Data Editor Window of SPSS. You need
to be careful with the .sav files because they are very sensitive to changes in the
structure of your experiment. If you make changes to your study, it's usually best to
delete (or move) the old .sav file and allow MediaLab to generate a fresh one for the
revised experiment. Note that versions of SPSS prior to version 12 only allow variable
names of up to 8 characters; more recent versions allow for up to up to 64 bytes in
length. This typically means a maximum of 64 characters in single-byte languages, such
as English, French, and German, and a maximum of 32 characters in double-byte
languages, such as Japanese, Chinese, and Korean. If you have any names longer than
the limit allowed with your version of SPSS (e.g., with suffixes added by MediaLab) then
they will be renamed VAR0001, VAR0002, etc. In order to find out which variables had to
be renamed, you can double click on them in SPSS. MediaLab saves the original variable
name as the variable label.
 72 MediaLab v2014

Advanced Hint
Some people strongly prefer using the .csv data format but get stuck when they have
more than 255 variables because they do not have Excel v2007 or later. If you try
opening your .csv file in Excel and get the "file not loaded completely" message, you can
deal with this by importing the file directly into SPSS. To do so, first rename the file from
.csv to .txt. Then, in SPSS, you can select

File > New > Data

File > Open

Files of type > Tab-delimited (*.dat,*.txt)

File name <select your file>

Predefined format? No

Delimited? Yes

Variable names at top? Yes

First case = Line 2

Each line represents a case? Yes

All of the cases? Yes

Delimiter? Comma (uncheck all others)

Finish
If you have any trouble reading in the data, you can look at the data directly in any text
editor. If the file is especially large and difficult to read in its raw form, try a powerful free
text editor like PSPad from www.pspad.com.

See also
Data FAQ 72

6.1 Data FAQ

Merging Data 73

Using SPSS to read your data 73

Using Excel or other spreadsheet to read your data 73

Getting Data into SAS 73

Viewing Data 74

Determining presentation order of random items and files 74

 73

Determining when events happened in real time 74

Location of essay data 74

Changing the values written to the data file 74

Changing the value used for missing data 75

The Clear Data button and how to disable it 75

How to create a vertical format data file 75

How to save data from a custom item made with HTML 76

Using Long variable names 76

Inserting variables into question wording and response options 76

Is there an easy way to merge multiple MediaLab data files?

Each subject's data are appended to the same constant data file for ease of analysis, so
you won't have to merge any files that are collected on the same computer. You will
however have to merge files collected on different computers. MediaLab offers a utility
called FileMerge located in the Utilities folder to do this rather painlessly. You can also
start FileMerge by selecting Data > Merge Data Files from the main MediaLab menu. After
opening the filemegre application and a separate window on your computer containing
the files you wish to merge, just drag the files you want to merge into the FileMerge
window and select "Merge Files" from the File menu of the filemerge application. If you
like, you can also save the list of files to merge them again later. A quick tutorial on
FileMerge is available by clicking on the FileMerge Help menu.

How do I get SPSS to read the .txt data?

The easiest way to access your data in SPSS is to open the .sav data file located in the
byVariablename data subfolder. However, if for any reason you want to import the raw
text data files using SPSS syntax, here's how. If your experiment is called exper1, then
the text file "exper1.txt" will have all your data in format that SPSS can read. The text file
"exper1.sps" will be the input syntax file for SPSS to read. Just open "exper1.sps" in
SPSS--make sure that you don't try to open it in the Data Editor window--and it will read
the exper1.txt" file. It will automatically assign variable formats and variable names. You
can start analyzing immediately. At the top of the .sps input file are a number of things to
check for to make sure you don't get any errors (e.g., variable names that are too long).
Once the data has been read into SPSS, you can save it as a .sav file, analyze it
immediately or export it into almost any other database format.

How do I get Excel to read the data?

If your experiment file was named "exper1" then also written to the Data folder will be a
file called "exper1.csv". This file will have all your data in a format that Excel can read.
Just open this file with Excel, and it will automatically read in the data, variable formats,
and variable names. You can then save the file as an .xls file readable by almost any
stats package. Be careful though, Excel can only read 255 variables. If you have more
variables than that (including response times), then you may want to have SPSS read in
your file.

How do I get SAS and other data analysis packages to read the data?
Most stats package will have the capability to read the .csv file (this is the comma-
delimited file) in the data folder of your experiment directory and transform it into format
74 MediaLab v2014

compatible with itself. If not, have Excel read the .csv file and then have your stats
package read the Excel file. Some will require you to save the Excel file in an earlier
version (e.g., as an Excel 2003 worksheet).

How do I determine the order in which random items were presented?

There is routine that keeps track of the actual presentation order of everything (e.g., of
files and questionnaire items that are presented randomly). After completely running an
experiment file in Medialab, you can find a log file called question_order.csv in the
ByQuestionnaire 71 data folder. The first row is the order of files (i.e., from the .exp file)
and the remaining rows are the question orders for each questionnaire in the order they
actually occurred, with a time stamp written to verify the time at which each
questionnaire was started.

How can I tell exactly when an item was presented—i.e., in real time?
By entering @ in the Parameter(s) field 59 for any item in a questionnaire, you can have
MediaLab write a timestamp at the onset of the item. When you do this, a timestamp will
be appended to a file called timestamps.csv in the data folder. It will include the subject
id, the variable name, the time at which the item *started* (e.g., 12:23:22), the
milliseconds elapsed from the beginning of the experiment and the milliseconds passed
since the last timestamp.

Where is my essay data?

Because large quantities of text do not play well with most data files, the responses of
subjects to essay items 44 will be written to their own separate data files located in the
main Data folder. The file will be named after the item name you use for the essay. For
example, if you have an essay item named ess1 then look for your essay data in a file
called "ess1.txt" in the main data folder. The responses of all subject to this question will
be appended there along with their subject and condition IDs.

Can I change the values written to the data file?

On scale response items 50 and thought rating items 51 , the default value written to the
data file is always the ordinal value of the response option. For example, if the first
option is chosen then a 1 is written to the data file—even if the button label read A, -5 or
0. For multiple response items, the default value of a chosen response is always 1 or 0 if
that response option is not chosen. For all of these item types you can specify an
alternate value for any given response option. This simply saves you from having to
recode the data after collecting it. To specify an alternate value, specify it in squiggly
brackets after the text label like so:

Note that the value can be text or numeric although numeric is recommended. If you use
text, make sure the Write as Text 69 option is checked for the item.
 75

Can I change the value used for missing data?

By default, 99 is used as the value for missing data. Because most item types are either
open ended or limited to a numeric value of 12, 99 is usually safe. However, if you
suspect 99 might be a dangerous value for your particular study you can choose an
alternate value. Simply create a text (.txt) file in your experiment folder and name it
"missing.txt" and on the first line of that file, enter the alternate value. It must be
numeric.

What is the Clear Data button for and can I disable it?
When you make changes to your experiment, you often change the structure of your
data. This can cause confusion in your data because one subject's data are always
appended to the last. Consequently, it is always a good idea to clear your data folder
after making changes to your study. If the existing data are important, then back them
up and merge them later 73 with the new data. If they are not important (e.g., they are
just test files) then you can click the Clear Data button when entering the subject and
condition IDs after selecting a file to run 9 :

This will delete everything in your data folder resulting in a clean start. Note that some
people get very nervous about having this button so accessible. If that's you, there is a
way to disable it—on the Preferences menu, simply click Disable Clear Data. Note that
MediaLab will attempt to send cleared data to the Windows Recycle Bin if the experiment
is stored locally (i.e., as opposed to on a network drive).

How do I create a vertical format data file?

Occasionally, you may want to access your MediaLab data in a vertical format--i.e., one
variable per row--rather than the usual horizontal format--i.e., all data for each subject
located in a single row. Located in the Utilities folder is a file called vertical.mdb. This file is
a blank Access database. This file can be copied into the ByVariablename 71 subfolder of
any experiment you like. If MediaLab finds this file after a session is complete, it will
output all of the data into three columns (subject, varname, value) of the "vertical" table.
MediaLab will always append data to whatever data already exist in the file and this
function will be in addition to all of the usual data file formats. To maximize compatibility,
this file is in Access 97 format--consequently it is readable by all versions of Access. A
simple test of this function would be to copy the vertical.mdb file into the ByVariablename
71 subfolder in your experiment folder and run that sample--you should find the results
stored in that file after you run the session. This is also a handy way to programmatically
access data immediately after a session for use in other programs.
76 MediaLab v2014

How to save data from a custom item made with HTML

See Custom Items 88 .

Can I use Long Variable Names?

The limit in MediaLab for variable names is 60 characters. Keep in mind though that some
statistical packages and spreadsheet applications may still have difficulty working with
longer variable names. Be sure to view and analyze some practice data before going too
crazy with this feature!

Inserting variables into question wording and response options

You can insert variables from the data files into the question wording and response
options by using <variablename>. For example, if you have variables in your data file
called "friend1" and "friend2" you could have response options for any subsequent items
in your questionnaire files like this:
1. I would pick <friend1>
2. I would pick <friend2>
This will work to insert prior responses from fill-in-the-blank items, scale responses,
multiple responses, and any response.xls variables you have calculated 101 .

See Also
Data 70

Tutorial and Additional Samples

A good way to get the feeling of how MediaLab works is to run a couple sample
experiments and then look to see how they were put together. If you are new to
MediaLab you can get the gist of things by running through the quick on-line tutorial.
From the main menu in MediaLab, select Help > On-Line Tutorial. The text from the six
steps of the tutorial are also contained in this section (see Sample 1 77 ) in case you
would rather work from a hard copy (if you are reading this online, you can always right
click any topic and select Print).
After that, you can take a look at any of the additional sample experiments that illustrate
the basic features of MediaLab. They are contained in the Samples folder of the MediaLab
program folder. With the exception of the first basic sample, all the samples are zipped
and will need to be unzipped in order to use them. If you are using Windows XP or later,
you can do this by right clicking on the zip file and selecting Extract All.

Other Sources for Samples

www.em pirisoft.com /support - see MediaLab: Shared Experim ents

This area of our website forums is provided for you to post your MediaLab
experiments, questionnaires and other MediaLab related files for others to play with.
Feel free to post away! Also, feel free to comment on any posts if you happen to try
them--sort of an informal peer review process. We may edit posts when we deem it
necessary. Please zip your files and folders whenever possible! Note that you will need
to register to download files, but registering is quick, easy and free.
 77

Continue to Sam ples 77

7.1 Samples

Sample 1 – Sample1.exp (text from Tutorial on the MediaLab Help menu)

"So I've installed MediaLab. Now what do I do?" Good question. This brief tutorial (about
15 minutes) will walk you through the basics of MediaLab. After you've run through this
short tutorial you will likely be able to design and execute a short experiment of your
own. This on-line tutorial can be run at any time by clicking Help > On-line Tutorial from the
main menu. You might find it helpful to print out this tutorial so you will be unobstructed
as you go through the steps of running and editing the sample experiment.
This purpose of this short tutorial is to give you the gist of how MediaLab works. After
running through it, you may wish to check out the additional sample experiments and
questionnaires located in the Samples folder of the MediaLab program folder (usually C:
\MediaLab\Samples). For more detailed help, select Help > MediaLab Help from the main
menu of MediaLab or press F1 at any time. You will also find a printable PDF manual
located in the Help folder (usually C:\MediaLab\Help) called MediaLabManual.pdf.

Step 1: Run the Sam ple Experim ent

The first sample experiment is as simple as MediaLab gets—a basic questionnaire, in this
case measuring self-esteem. To run Sample1.exp:
1.First, if MediaLab is not running full-screen, then make it so by clicking the maximize
button in the top-right corner of the main MediaLab window (it's the one in the middle).

2.Go to the Run 9 command in MediaLab and choose Select and Run Experiment.
3.Find the Samples folder located in the C:\MediaLab directory.
4.Double-click on the Sample1 folder, and then double-click on Sample1.exp. Note that
experiment files 20 are indicated by a green "building block" icon and that
questionnaire files 34 are indicated by a "paper and quill" icon.
5.Enter a Subject ID (e.g., 5), and press Enter.
6.Enter a 1 for the experimental Condition, and press Enter.
7.Follow the instructions as if you were a participant.

Step 2: See How it Was Done

From the main menu in MediaLab select Experiment Editor 11 .

When the Experiment Editor opens, select Open from the File Menu and open
Sample1.exp.
You'll see that there are 2 conditions 25 . Everybody in condition 1 gets only one file—
selfesteem.que.
However, in condition 2 you see that these subjects will also get a PowerPoint Show (.pps)
file before they get the self-esteem questionnaire. In MediaLab experiments, you can
define as many conditions as you like, with each having as many files as you like. These
files can be the same ones in different orders, or they can be different files altogether.
That's all there is to this experiment.
78 MediaLab v2014

Close the experiment file by clicking OK. Then close the Experiment Editor. This will return
you to the main MediaLab window. Now run the experiment, enter a subject ID, but ask
for Condition 2 this time. After that...

Step 3: See How the Questionnaire Was Made

From the main menu bar in MediaLab select Experiment Editor.
When the Experiment Editor opens, select Open from the File Menu and open
selfesteem.que.
Here you'll see the items contained in the questionnaire file. Here you can see the basic
information about each item—the ordinal position 64 , the item name 56 and the question
wording 53 or filename 41 . Double-click on any position number to see the item details.
Note how Scale Responses require the p parameter 61 telling MediaLab how many scale
points the question requires. Try using the context sensitive help here. Place the cursor on
any field (e.g., the position field) and pressing F1. Close the Details window 36 by clicking
on the big checkmark in the lower right corner, and then click OK to close the
questionnaire and then close the Experiment Editor.

Step 4: Look at the Data

Your data 70 will be located in a data folder contained in the same directory as your
experiment. From the Data menu in MediaLab, select Launch Explorer. Find the Sample1
folder and open the Data folder located inside. In here, you will see two folders. Usually,
you will use the byvariablename data folder 71 . Take a look inside and you'll see a
number of files. MediaLab has generated all of these files for you automatically. The first
one to look at is sample1.csv. You can open this with Excel. Try it. (note that all the
variables that start with t are response times 69 ).
If you've got SPSS installed, you can open sample1.sav 73 . Or you can open the .sps
syntax file, highlight everything in the file and run it. This input file tells SPSS to read the
data file sample1.txt (also located in your data folder), and defines all of the variables.
After running this input file in SPSS, you can analyze it right away. Try doing some
frequencies or means.
The other file in the main data folder is called comment.txt. You can open this in any text
editor. This file contains the open-ended responses 74 from the essay item called
comment in the self-esteem questionnaire. MediaLab writes the data from essay
questions to their own file since it would get out of hand to write these to a standard
data file.

Step 5: Modify and Run the Experim ent:

Now let's try to modify the experiment you just ran. With Windows Explorer still open,
make a copy of the selfesteem.que questionnaire file and rename it myquestionnaire.que.
Then, double-click on it to open it in the Experiment Editor.
This is where you can have some fun. Try changing the question wordings. Double click
on any position number 64 to see the details for any item. Try this with a Scale Response
item 50 . See where it says (p6) in the parameters field? Try changing this to (p9). See how
you now get 9 response options for the questions? You can add the additional options in
the Label 55 and Text Label 67 fields.
Close the Details window by clicking on the big checkmark in the lower right. Try adding
an item of your own. In the first open position, enter a new position number of 4.5. Enter
an item name 56 such as MyVar. Double-click on the ItemType field and choose Fill-in-the-
blank 44 from the pull-down menu. Finally, enter your question wording 53 in the Question
Wording/File Name field, e.g., "Please tell me what your favourite food is."
Now click Sort 37 and then Renumber 37 . See how the item is now positioned between
the 4th and 5th items? This happened because you gave the question a position value of
 79

4.5.
Now click Save 38 and OK to close the questionnaire.

Now we need to add your new questionnaire to the experiment file 20 . From the File
menu select Open and open the Sample1.exp experiment file.
Let's replace the selfesteem questionnaire in Condition 1 with your new questionnaire.
Simply double-click on selfesteem.que in Condition 1, Position 1. When the dialog box
opens, select you new questionnaire. See how it has replaced the old questionnaire?
Let's add another file to Condition 1 in addition to your questionnaire. In the first
available row of your experiment file and enter a value of 1 in the Condition 25 field. Enter
a value of 2 in the Position field. Double-click on the File Name 41 field and select an image
file on your hard drive (and jpg, bmp or gif file). To see the types of files you can add
here, click Files of Type when the dialog box opens. If you have Internet Explorer 4 or
later installed, you could also enter a web address (e.g., www.empirisoft.com) here or a
local HTML file. After selecting a file, click Sort, then Save and OK.
That's it. Close the Editor and return to the main MediaLab window. Choose Select and
Run Experiment 9 and run Sample1, Condition 1 again. Note that if you have made
changes that will affect your data files, you'll want to click the Clear Data button 75 to
delete the old data files and start fresh (after backing them up if there are data you want
to save).
That's the gist of MediaLab. Of course experiments can get much more elaborate than
this but the basic idea is always the same. The experiment file defines the files that will
be presented in each condition. These files can be pretty much anything including
MediaLab Questionnaire files which allow you to ask questions. For more detailed help,
be sure to check out the manual (MediaLabManual.pdf) contained in the MediaLab Help
folder and to use the OnLine Help by pressing F1 at any time. More samples are
contained in the Samples folder.

Sample 2 - Scale Responses and an Introduction to Parameters

C:\MediaLab\Samples\Sample2.zip (requires unzipping)

This sample demonstrates what you can do with scale responses. It starts with the
most basic application and ends with a relatively advanced example. You will need
Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Version 4 or later installed to view the HTML files that
are used in this sample. Click Continue or press the spacebar to begin. Press Ctrl+Alt
+Right 10 to exit the sample at any time.

Standard Scale Item 50

The first scale response you'll see is the standard format which uses just the point (p)
parameter 61 to indicate the number of scale points (see the Parameters field). This tells
MediaLab how many scale points you want. In this case, it's 6. Click Continue or press the
space bar to see the item. When the item appears, you can click Go Back 42 to see this
screen again or enter a response to continue.

Inserting Prior Responses in Question Wording and Skipping

With scale items and fill-in-the-blank items, you can enter subject's responses in later
question wordings 76 . For example, what was the response you just gave to the last
question? Whatever it was, it should show up in the next item. The question wording
specifies <rse9>. That tells MediaLab to insert the subject's response to the item with
variable name "rse9" into the question wording of this item.
Also notice that we're using "skip to" values here. The values in the Skip To field allow
80 MediaLab v2014

you to skip a subject to any subsequent questionnaire item by entering the item name in
the Skip To field. Below, you can see the Details for the next three questions: rse10,
rse11 and rse12 (you may have to scroll down). To illustrate, say we want people who
disagree with rse10 to answer question rse11 and we want those who agree to rse10 to
answer question rse12. To do this we enter "rse12" in the Skip To field of the agree
responses in rse10. If the subject agrees to rse10, they will be skipped to rse12,
otherwise they will continue on to question rse11. Scroll down here to see the details of
rse11. See how the subject is unconditionally skipped to rse13? This ensures that they
will not get rse12 which was designed for those agreed to rse10. If that's confusing try
going back and forth using the Go Back button trying the different combinations to see
how it works. You'll see that depending on what you answer to rse10, you will get only
rse11 OR rse12. Instead of a single item, you could also have entire blocks of items
designed for a particular response.

Multiple Response Item

Sometimes you may want a subject to be able to check more than one response. That is
when you can use the multiple response item 47 instead of the scale item. It works
exactly like a scale response except that MediaLab will allow multiple buttons to be
"checked". In this example, try clicking multiple answers. When you're done, click
Continue or press the spac ebar. Multiple Response items use all the same parameters
as Scale Items 58 . Note that on this item we turn off the QuickStyle 84 we applied earlier
using the ($off) parameter. You should see that MediaLab reverts to the default colours
and fonts.

Inserting HTML in Place of Question Wording and/or Response Labels

Want more control over formatting? You can create an HTML file and display it in place of
the usual question wording and even the text labels on the response buttons 67 . In the
experiment folder, there is a subfolder called "sp". This folder contains the HTML files and
media. In the Background 39 field, see that we specify that we want MediaLab to display
"sp/rse.htm" --an HTML file in the SP folder. When we do this we have to specify the area
for it to cover using the top and left 60 as well as the width and height 63 parameters.
We are also going to display html files in place of the response labels. To do this, we
enter the name of the HTML files in place of the usual Text Labels. To allow for more
space to accommodate the larger HTML labels, we have triple spaced the buttons using
the spacing parameter 62 (s3). We have also specified that the scale buttons be moved
over to the right and upwards using the Left and Top parameters. Finally, since the HTML
files have a white background, we have applied a QuickStyle 84 file (white.mlq) here that
instructs MediaLab to use a white background. This way the HTML files will blend in.

End of Scale Item Sam ple

That's it. This sample represent much of what you can do with Scale Items. Of course,
everything you've seen here is optional aside from the use of the Points (p) parameter
telling MediaLab how many scale points you need (e.g., as in the first question, "rse1").
Hopefully, if you need more options than that, you've seen here how to accomplish what
you need. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us at support@empirisoft.com.

Adding Response Options & Modifying Button Labels

The next item is pretty much the same except that we've changed the Point parameter to
9, providing for 9 response options. We've also changed the button labels 55 to include
negative values. Since there are no "negative" keys on the keyboard, you would need to
label your keyboard appropriately (e.g., with 1 or F1 corresponding to -4, 2 or F2 as -3
and so on). Click Continue, or press the space bar to see the item.
 81

Horizontal Response Scale

The next scale item is the same as the first except we now add the width parameter 63 .
This tells MediaLab we want a horizontal scale and specifies that it should be 500 units
wide. See "Show Location Points" in the Help menu for the sizing scale that is used with
your display. MediaLab tries its best to use a resolution-independent display. Click
Continue, or press the space bar to see the item.

More Room for Question Wording

The next item again is the same as the first, except now we add the top parameter 60
which tells MediaLab that you want the buttons to start at a specific distance from the
top. With this, you can move the buttons up or down as much as you like. Note that you
can use the top and width parameters together to create a horizontal scale at a specified
height. Click Continue, or press the space bar to see the item.

Getting Subjects' Attention

Sometimes after answering many questions, the items can start to "blend in" with one
another. A couple things you can do to minimize this: You can add an onset parameter 61
which delays the display of the question wording. In this case we've added (o1000)
which means there will be an approximate 1000ms delay before the question wording
appears. We've also added a QuickStyle parameter 59 . QuickStyle files 84 can be created
in the MediaLab preferences menu. They contain font and color information. In this case,
we apply a style file called "green.mlp" located in the experiment folder by entering the
parameter value of ($green).

Creating More Room For Response Labels

In this item, we have some very long response labels. To create more space for them, we
can double, triple or even quadruple the spacing of the buttons using the spacing
parameter 62 . In this case, we've entered (s2) to double space the buttons. Any value-
decimals included-between 1 and 5 is acceptable.

Turning off the QuickStyle and Im posing a Tim e Lim it

When this item occurs, we shut the previous QuickStyle off by entering a QuickStyle
parameter of ($off). An alternative would be to apply a different QuickStyle file. Using the
($off) value returns the colours and fonts to the default settings in your preferences file.
We also add the duration parameter 60 here to impose a time limit on the question. In
this case, you will have up to 5 seconds to respond. Try letting the time pass and see
what happens.

Adding Other Media

It's easy to add sound, images and video to your questionnaire items using the "Back"
fields. In this case, we add an image in the Background 39 field and a sound file in the
Backsound 40 field. In this case, we have entered parameters for the Background image
immediately after the filename (this is always optional). This will locate the image with a
left value of 300 and a top value of 100.

Adding a "Specify" Response

In some case you may want to offer an "Other" response. If you add <specify> to any
response label, then MediaLab will prompt subjects to specify their answer if they choose
this button. Try it. When the item appears, select the "Other" response and see what
happens. If a subject specifies an answer like this, then the text response is written to
the data file instead of the button they pressed.
82 MediaLab v2014

Back to Sam ples 76

QuickInfo
The Preferences menu in the main MediaLab window provides a way to edit and save
default and alternative program options.

Two types of files can be created and edited here. The first is the MediaLab Preferences
File (.mlp) which contains font and colour combinations as well as a number of general
program options. The second is the MediaLab QuickStyle File (.mlq) which contains ONLY
font and colour information. Normally, you would have just one Preferences file (usually
default.mlp which is loaded automatically) and many QuickStyle files. This is because you
can only have one Preferences file loaded during an experiment, but you can apply
multiple QuickStyle files throughout your experiment by requesting them in your
questionnaires or experiment files. If you do not create or request any QuickStyle files
during your experiment, then the default fonts and colors in your Preferences file will be
used.

Preferences 83

Fonts and Colors 83

On-the-fly-editing of Word Documents 83

Hide MediaLab Rats 83

Disable System Key Sequences 83

Double Click to Close MediaLab 83

Use Alternate Data Folder 83

Use Unique Machine Code 84

Password to Exit Experiments 84

Where to Find Supporting Applications 84

Load Other Preferences File 84

Disable Clear Data 84

Mute MediaLab Sounds 84

Quick Styles 84

Character Set & Foreign Fonts 85

Changing Default Feedback and Message Text 86

AutoStart files to Autom ate Subject and Condition IDs 87

 83

8.1 Preferences and Options

Fonts and Colors

You can change the fonts and colors MediaLab uses during experimental sessions. Select
Edit Preferences > Font & Colors. You can set fonts and colors separately for windows that
display text provided by you and for windows that allow subject input.

On- the- fly Editing of Word Docum ents

If this option is checked, then you can edit Word or WordPerfect documents as you run
through the experiment simply by double clicking on them. You may want to disable this
when you are running actual subjects.

Hide MediaLab Rats

For the politically correct and the phobic--you can choose to have MediaLab hide the rats
from the main window with this option. For the phobic, note the opportunity here to start
your systematic desensitization!

Disable System Key Sequences

Selecting this option will disable any key sequences 10 that would allow participants to
explore your computer or otherwise interfere with your experimental session. The key
sequences such as ALT+TAB, CTRL+ALT+DELETE, and CTRL-ESC will be re-enabled after
the session is over. Caution should be used here such that you have fully tested your
experiment before setting this option. If for any reason, the program locks up while these
system keys are disabled, you would have to turn the computer off and restart it (e.g.,
since CTRL-ALT-DELETE would not be an option for closing the program). Note that this
function may not work on Windows XP.

Double- Click to close MediaLab

A small convenience that allows you to double click on the blue area of the MediaLab
window in order to close the program.

Use Alternate Data File

Click the button to its right to browse for a folder on your computer or network. MediaLab
will write the data to this folder instead of the experiment folder (default). This is
especially useful if you want to run your experiment from a CD-ROM.
Also, because you can specify any location for the data using the "alternate data folder,"
you can choose to gather all of your data on a central computer on your network. To
specify another computer as the location for your data files you need to "map the drive"
on the other computer as a drive letter on your computer running MediaLab (e.g., as h:\
or s:\ --you may want to ask your network administrator to help you with this if you are
unfamiliar with mapping drives on other computers). You can then specify the alternate
data folder by using this mapped drive, e.g., "h:\medialabdata."
When MediaLab sees this, it will create a folder within the alternate data folder with the
same name as the experiment file, e.g., "h:\medialabdata\experiment1" and will write the
data as it normally would to this folder. Please be aware that specifying a data folder
that is not located on an actual machine in the network (i.e., Dropbox, cloud storage)
would require an active internet connection anytime that data is being gathered.
Otherwise, this could result in an error when trying to run your experiment because
MediaLab will not be able to locate the folder to which it is attempting to write the data.
If you have multiple computers write data to this same alternate folder, it is
84 MediaLab v2014

recommended that you use a "Unique Machine Code" (see below) for each computer. This
3-letter identifier of each computer will be appended to all of its data files. This serves to
identify which data files came from which computer and also helps to prevent conflicts
that may occur from multiple computers attempting to write to the same files at the same
time (since each computer will write to its own unique files). These multiple files can be
easily merged later using the FileMerge utility provided in MediaLab's data menu 73 .

Unique Machine Code

Type any extension here that you want appended to data files produced on the current
computer. This helps to identify the machine on which data was collected. Leave this field
blank if you don't want a code appended to the data file names (default).

Password to End Option

You can set a default password that will be required at the end of every experiment. This
saves you the trouble of creating a separate password item in your experiment. If you
forget the password, the secret key sequence CTRL+RIGHT ARROW will skip you out of it.
No password will be required if this field is left blank.

Where to Find Supporting Applications

For most users, these fields can be left blank because MediaLab will automatically know
where these applications are. However, if you get an message saying that MediaLab can
not find one of these applications then you can fill in these values and MediaLab will
search there. You can click the "…" button to the right of each field to browse your
computer.

Sav ing the File

Click Save to save your work or click Close to cancel the changes. Click SaveAs to save
the current configuration to a new Preferences file. When clicking SaveAs, you can also
then select "Save as Type" and save the colours and fonts to a new Quick Style file if you
like (see below).

Load Other Preferences File

Allows you to load the preferences saved in another file. The default.mlp preferences file
is always loaded when MediaLab starts. You can edit and save the default preferences
under a new name and then load your new preferences file before you begin running
your experiment. This can be useful if different members of your lab have different
preferences for how MediaLab operates. Remember that if you're only changing colors
and fonts, then it's much easier to just create a new QuickStyle file (see below).

Mute MediaLab Sounds

Upon certain events MediaLab will give audible feedback by way of beeps and clicks. To
turn off these sounds check this option.

Disable Clear Data

Prevents the Clear Data 75 button from being pressed at the start of a session. This is a
handy option if sessions are being started by users who are unfamiliar with the program.

QuickStyles: Create and Apply Multiple Style Files

MediaLab automatically loads the default preferences file. If you want load a different
preferences file, you can select "Load Other Preferences File" from the Preferences menu.
 85

You can create, edit and save as many Preference files as you like.
Quickstyle (.mlq) files are just like Preference files (.mlp) except that they contain ONLY
font and color information. You can create many quickstyle files with various foreground
and background color combinations as well as font options. The benefit of quickstyle files
is that you can instruct MediaLab to apply a different quickstyle file at any time during the
experiment or in the middle of a questionnaire. In the parameter field of any experiment
or questionnaire item you can name a quick style file preceded by a $ which will cause
MediaLab to switch to that style. You are no longer limited to using a single set of color
and font options.

How QuickStyles work

To create a quickstyle (.mlq) file, select QuickStyles from the Preferences menu. You can
then select a configuration of fonts and colors. Select SaveAs and save the quickstyle file
with a name of your choosing (e.g., mystyle1.mlq). You can either save it in the MediaLab
Styles folder so that all experiments can use it, or you can save it to your experiment
folder to make it available only to your current experiment.
Then, in your questionnaire or experiment files, enter the name of the style file preceded
by a $ in the Parameter(s) field 59 of any item, e.g., ($mystyle1). When MediaLab sees
this it will read the style file and apply it immediately. MediaLab will first look in your
experiment folder for the file (e.g., mystyle1.mlq). If it doesn't find it, it will look in the
MediaLab Styles folder. If it finds it, it will immediately apply that style to your running
experiment. You can have as many quickstyle files as you like and can apply them
however frequently you like. The currently applied style will remain in effect until you
request a different style file, or until ($off) is encountered in the parameter field of
another item.
Aside from added flexibility of formatting, this allows you to store color and font
information within your experiment folder so that it's always available. If for example, you
send someone your experiment folder, the formatting will remain the same so long as the
quick style files are included in the folder. This also means you no longer have to worry
about loading the correct Preferences file before each experiment because your
experiment takes care of this for you.
Note that you don't have to use quick style files at all. If you do not apply any quick style
files in your experiment, MediaLab will simply use the colors and fonts specified in the
Preferences file (e.g., default.mlp which is loaded automatically).

Foreign fonts

Im prov ed foreign character support

If you need to display foreign characters in MediaLab there are now a few options that
can help. In MediaLab, select Preferences and then Edit Preferences to choose the a
compatible font for use when running your experiment (MediaLab supports most double-
byte fonts such as Arial). Also under Preferences, you can select the Character Set option
to select a script that works best with your language and font. Finally, also under
Character Set is an option to right-align the text for question wording and open-ended
responses. Finally, in the Experiment Editor, under Options, you can select an Editor Font
and chose a font that works with the characters you need while editing your experiment.
This step should be taken after setting the font and script preferences in the main
MediaLab window.
Note that if you are designing experiments in a language other than English, you can also
modify the messages that MediaLab displays so that they are in your preferred language
(see below). We can also help you with a custom Continue and Go Back button for your
language—let us know if you need this. In fact, there is already a series of Continue and
Go Back graphics in various languages located in the C:\MediaLab\Graphics folder. If you
86 MediaLab v2014

would like to use them, simply replace C:\MediaLab\Graphics\continue.bmp and C:\MediaLab

\Graphics\goback.bmp with the ones located in the language subfolder of your choice
(e.g., Chinese, German, Greek, Japanese, Spanish).

Modify message text

MediaLab presents various messages during an experiment. You can edit the content of
these messages to suit your specific needs or even translate them into an alternate
language. You will find two files in the "styles" folder called "messages.txt" and
"substitute.txt" which you can edit in any text editor. Messages.txt contains all of the
possible feedback that MediaLab presents to subjects during an experiment:

How to m odify MediaLab m essages

Do NOT modify messages.txt! That would be bad. Instead, create and modify a file called
substitute.txt
If you would like to customize or translate messages simply copy the messages you want
to change into substitute.txt. Make sure you copy the entire line including the ID number.
Change only the text within the quotation marks. MediaLab will substitute messages
based on their ID number. The substitute file you make may contain all of the messages
in this file or just a subset that you want to change. You can put the substitute.txt file in
the C:\MediaLab\Styles folder or in an experiment folder of your choice.
For example, you could copy messages 103, 104, and 106 from "messages.txt":

And copy them to "substitute.txt" where you can change them to anything you like:
 87

If you were to do that, then these messages (103,104,106) would be used instead of
those contained in the message.txt file.

Here's how it works:

Every time MediaLab starts an experiment, it accesses the messages it will use from the
main messages.txt. It will then look in the Styles folder for a file called substitute.txt. If it
finds it, it will read your custom/translated messages and substitute them in the
experiment. Note that if you place the substitute.txt file in the Styles folder, then all
experiments will use the substitute messages. If you want to substitute messages in a
particular experiment, then simply place the substitute.txt file in your experiment folder.
Finally, you can place one substitute.txt file in the Styles folder (which will affect all
experiments) and another in your experiment folder (which will affect only that
experiment). If the same message IDs are contained in both locations, priority is given to
those in the experiment folder.

Using an AutoStart File to Automate Subject and Condition IDs

By default, each time you run a MediaLab experiment, you need to enter a subject ID and
condition. You can automate this process by using an AutoStart file. All you have to do is
generate a text list of subject IDs and conditions and call it "autostart.txt" and place it in
your experiment folder. For example:

When you run the experiment, MediaLab checks to see if an autostart.txt file exists in the
same folder. If it does exist then it automatically runs the next subject ID and condition
on the list. If it doesn't then you will be prompted for the subject ID and condition as
usual.
MediaLab will mark the subject ID condition with a * so it knows where to start next time.
Following the session, MediaLab will ask if you want to run the next session--if you say
yes it automatically gets the next subject ID and condition from the list and runs it. This
way you can run sessions all day on multiple computers and never have to enter a
subject ID or condition. Note that you will probably want to create a unique list of subject
ID's and conditions for each computer to prevent redundancy!
Finally, an alternative way of using the AutoStart feature is to type "select subject" as
the first line in the autostart.txt file. If you do this, then MediaLab will prompt you only for
the subject ID. It will then look up the condition for that subject ID from the list and run it
automatically. This is useful if you want to have a constant autostart.txt file on all of your
computers and don't mind keeping track of which subjects still need to be run. It simply
eliminates the need to keep track of which conditions to assign.
88 MediaLab v2014

Adv anced Hints for AutoStart

Using a substitute.txt 86 file, you can have a blank message ("") defined for the end of
session event. If MediaLab sees that you have no message and you are using an
autostart file, then it will proceed automatically with the next session without asking if
you want the next session run; it will simply start. Doing so requires ctrl-alt-delete when
you finally want to escape.

Note about ending sessions early:

The autostart.txt file will only be updated if a session is completed. You can end a session
in two ways. One is to press ctrl-alt-delete and choosing to shutdown the MedialLb
program--this will shutdown the session, no data will be saved, and the autostart file will
remain unchanged. The other is to press ctrl-alt-right, which is the key combination to end
a session. If you end a session in this manner the data will be written including missing
values for questions that were never answered and you will be asked if you would like
the autostart file to be reset as it was before the session. Answering yes to this will
prevent MediaLab from scratching this session off its to-do list.

Overview
MediaLab allows you to create your own custom items using HTML. Using the Custom item
type, you can specify any web browser file (local or internet) in the Question Wording/File
Name field. If and when a post event occurs, MediaLab will save any submitted data that
you like and then continue on to the next item in the questionnaire. In order for a posted
variable to be saved with the regular data files, its variable name simply needs to match
that of the Custom item or any other item in the current experiment.

HTML Item s v s Custom Item s

An HTML file (e.g., mydoc.htm) is a document. In the same way that a .doc file is meant to
be viewed in Microsoft Word, an .htm file is meant to be viewed in a web browser like
Internet Explorer, Chrome, or Firefox. An .htm file is also a simple text file which means you
can open and edit it in any text editor such as the Windows Notepad. When you open an
.htm file in a text editor you will see code that you don't see when viewing it in a web
browser--these are all the instructions that tell the web browser what to present and
 89

what to do with user actions.

Both Custom and HTML items in MediaLab may contain pretty much any HTML code you
like. This means that anything that can be displayed in Internet Explorer, whether it's on
the web or on your local computer, can also be used. This can include pictures, movies,
formatted text, hyperlinks, flash animations, interactive java applets, scripts, and so on.
However, there is a limit to the HTML item type--you can't collect any data with it. You can
include questions but there has never been a way to get MediaLab to save those data in
the regular data files. Contrariwise, the Custom item type allows you to do just that
through the use of standard HTML form code.
Note that a useful introduction to HTML is beyond the scope of this documentation. For a
general introduction see:
www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp
www.w3schools.com/html/html_examples.asp

What is an HTML Form ?

Forms are the basic ingredient for asking questions on the Internet. A single question or
set of questions can be asked in any HTML document by surrounding some question code
(discussed shortly) with the <form> tag like this:

<form method="post">
questions and variable names for responses go here
</form>
The <form method="post"> tag tells the browser to keep track of any data that is
collected within the form and make it available for saving when the user clicks a button to
submit their responses. Although it can get more complicated, this is the gist of how most
questions are asked when you are surfing the internet.
For more information regarding HTML forms, see:
www.w3schools.com/html/html_forms.asp

How it Works - MediaLab Intercepts!

If you present a Custom item rather than an HTML item, then MediaLab will monitor the
posting of any form data. If it finds any data being submitted where the variable name
matches the name of any item in any questionnaire file in your MediaLab experiment,
then that intercepted value will be written to your standard data files under that name.
That's all there is to it.

Example
What is the mysterious code that goes between the <form> tags? This item below
presents a text box in which subjects can enter a response. When they click Continue,
MediaLab will check to see if any variables in the experiment are called textBox1. If so,
the response will be saved to the data files under that name. We can handle that easily
by assigning the variable name textBox1 to the Custom item itself when we list it in the
questionnaire.

<form method="post">
What is your answer?
<input name="textbox1">
<input type="submit" value="Continue">
</form>
How it looks in a browser:
90 MediaLab v2014

Try It!
To create your first custom item you can copy the code above (everything from <form> to
</form>) into a blank text file (e.g., via Notepad). Save it somewhere as myTextBox.htm.
Voila! You have just created a custom item! You can view it in Internet Explorer if you like
by double clicking on it.

To use it with MediaLab, open a questionnaire file and add an item--choosing Custom as
the item type, myTextBox.htm as the file name, and textBox1 as the variable name. That's
it! Try running the questionnaire and then view your data to see if the posted response
was written to your data file. Remember that if you have made changes that will affect
your data files, you'll want to click the Clear Data 75 button to delete the old data files
and start fresh (after backing them up if there are data you want to save).
Hint: You can see these samples already prepared in the C:\MediaLab\Samples\Sample 5
Custom Items folder.

Adv anced Hint: Colours, fonts, & focus

Adding a few lines to your HTML file can make life a little easier. The additions are in
black:

<!-- saved from url=(0013)about:internet -->

<style><ml.style></style>
<body onload="document.form.textbox1.focus();">
<form name="form" method="post">
What is your answer?
<input name="textbox1">
<input type="submit" value="Continue">
</form>
</body>
The first line allows you to preview the HTML file in Internet Explorer without any kind of
warnings popping up. The second asks MediaLab to apply the colors and fonts used in
the current session. The third line requests that the screen cursor appear within the
specified input area. In this example, we are asking that the cursor automatically appear
within the textbox1 field so that the users does not need to click on it to start typing. To
try the example above, see C:\MediaLab\Samples\Sample5 custom items\myTextBox2.

Adv anced Hint: Continuing without a Continue Button.

MediaLab will not display the standard Continue button when a custom item is used.
Instead, it will wait until some data is posted via a submit button. In some cases though
you may not want this to happen automatically. An alternative is to use the password
parameter 61 . In this case the password can be a variable name, e.g., (xvarname). If you
do this, MediaLab will not proceed to the next item unless the password variable is
included in the post. This is especially handy if you want to make a multi-page custom
item with multiple postings.

See Also
Repeating Custom Items 91
 91

Single Vs. Multiple Variables 92

Variable Reference 94
Samples 77

9.1 Repeating Custom Items

A powerful and time-saving feature of custom items is the capability to use them over and
over again without having to modify them. If you create a special scale response item
with a slider to use in your 50-item questionnaire, you do not want to make 50 versions
of it, each with different question wording and response options. Well, maybe you do. If
so, no need to read any further. But if you like the idea of 1 file for 50 questions, read on!

Instead of adding the exact question wording to your custom item's HTML code, you can
simply say <ml.wording> and MediaLab will automatically substitute the question wording
from your questionnaire file. This means, each time you use your custom item in a
MediaLab questionnaire, you can enter different question wording the you would for any
other normal item. MediaLab will take it and put it into you HTML file for you!
Likewise, instead of using a specific variable name in the HTML form code, you can simply
specify <ml.varname>. This means you can now use the same custom item file with many
questions in the same questionnaire because each time, MediaLab will substitute the
current variable name into the HTML.
You can also substitute other values such as backgrounds, backsounds, backvideos,
fonts and colors from the current session and so forth without having to change your
item. For all the stuff that MediaLab can substitute into your HTML, see the variable
reference 94 table.
Note it is super supremely critical to use the <ml.varname> substitution if you are going
to be using the same custom item file over and over again in the same experiment.
Otherwise, the posted variable name will be always be the same and so the response
will always be written to the same variable in the data file. All of the other substitutions
can provide for some handy tricks but they are never necessary.

Substituting Values from the MediaLab Session

In the case of our custom example above, try this modification and save it as
myTextBox3.htm

<form method="post">
<ml.wording>
<input name="<ml.varname>">
<input type="submit" value="Continue"">
</form>
Create three Custom items in your questionnaire and assign them variable names such
as ques1, ques2, and ques3. For each, enter the same custom item file: myTextBox3.htm
for the file name. As you do this, create a different question wording for each one (e.g.,
What is your favorite food? What is your favorite animal? What is your favorite movie?). Now
run the questionnaire and see what happens. You should find that each time you request
it, MediaLab will display it with the appropriate wording from the questionnaire and will
save the data from the item using the appropriate variable name.
 92 MediaLab v2014

See Also
Custom Items, Overview 88
Single Vs. Multiple Variables 92
Variable Reference 94
Samples 97

9.2 Single Vs. Multiple Variables

Single vs. Multiple Variables

The previous example item 88 collects a single response. The execution of this method is
the easiest and is applicable when you have a single value being collected with your
custom item. In your MediaLab questionnaire, you name your custom item var01 and in
your HTML form, you likewise name your posted variable var01. When the value for var01
is posted, MediaLab will intercept it and save it as the value for var01 in your data files.
Done deal. It's a little trickier when you have multiple variables being collected with a
single custom item. To deal with this, you have two choices--use a variables parameter or
create dummy variables in your experiment.

Using a v ariables Param eter

To use the variables parameter, add a v parameter to your Custom item, indicating the
number of variables you want to collect, e.g., (v7) would create space for seven variables.
The variables will be named after the primary variable name with an underscore and
numbers appended. So for example, if the variable name of your Custom item were
choice, you could post variables in your HTML form called choice_01, choice_02, ...
choice_07.
In this example, we ask the participant to list "three good movies". It's very similar to the
first example, but here we create three blanks instead of just one. In this case we'll need
three variables so we will add the parameter (v3) to our Custom item that we are calling
movies. Using the v parameter means that we will reference the variable names by using
the primary variable name (movies) along with _01, _02, and _03.

<form name="form" method="post">

<ml.wording>:<br><br>
<input name="<ml.varname>_01"><br>
<input name="<ml.varname>_02"><br>
<input name="<ml.varname>_03"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Continue">
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

 93

To see this sample is action, go to C:\MediaLab\Samples\Sample5 custom items

\myTextBox4 - multiple variables

An alternativ e: Dum m y Variables

Instead of adding a parameter, you can create dummy variables in your experiment that
act as placeholders for data with matching variable names. To do so, create an
additional Custom item in any questionnaire and give it whatever variable name you like
but do not give it a filename. When MediaLab sees that you have listed a Custom item
with no file name indicated, it will understand that this item is merely a placeholder for a
variable being collected in some other Custom item. When recognized as a placeholder or
dummy variable, such items will be skipped during the experimental session.
This method provides a nice way of capturing data from questions or surveys where you
can not control the variable names that are used in the existing HTML forms. For example,
if you look at the source code for a survey on the internet and see that you want to save
two variables called age and sex from the many that are being posted, you can include
the survey as a Custom item and then add age and sex as two dummy variables in your
experiment. In the following example code, the <table> tag along with cell markers are
used in order to maintain an orderly look via rows (<tr>) and columns (<td>).

<form method="post">
<table>
<tr><td> What is your: </td></tr>
<tr><td> Name? </td><td> <input name="name"></td></tr>
<tr><td> Age? </td><td> <input name="age"></td></tr>
<tr><td> Sex? </td><td> <input name="sex"></td></tr>
<tr><td> Ethnicity? </td><td> <input name="ethnicity"></td></tr>
<tr><td> Marital Status? </td><td> <input name="marital"></td></
tr>
<tr><td> <br><input type="submit" value="Continue"></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
How it looks in a browser:
 94 MediaLab v2014

To see this sample is action, go to C:\MediaLab\Samples\Sample5 custom items

\myTextBox4 - dummy variables

See Also
Custom Items, Overview 88
Repeating Custom Items 91
Variable Reference 94
Samples 97

9.3 Variable Reference

Variable Reference
The following variables can be placed in the HTML of any custom item. MediaLab will
substitute the appropriate values in the HTML code before it is displayed. This is a
convenient way to substitute information from the current MediaLab item without having
to alter the HTML code. Such substitutions could include color and font information,
response options, question wording, background images, parameters, and so forth.
Note that you can also substitute calculated values from a responses.xls file 101 by placing
the variable name in angular brackets. For example, if you had a calculated value named
"total" in your responses.xls file, you could enter <total> in your HTML file and MediaLab
would substitute the correct value at the time the HTML is displayed.

<ml.subject> Subject ID <ml.$> quickstyle

<ml.condition> Condition <ml.@> time stamp
<ml.varname> Variable Name <ml.c> command line
arguments
<ml.wording> Question <ml.d> duration - not
Wording. Will available as a
also include variable
substitutions
 95

from
responses.xls if
applicable.
<ml.color> Main area text <ml.h> height
color. Will have
prefix "#" e.g.,
#CCCCFF
<ml.bgcolor> Main area <ml.k> key
background
color. Will have
prefix "#" e.g.,
#CCCCFF
<ml.font> Main area font <ml.l> left position
name, e.g., arial
<ml.fontsize> Main area font <ml.m> mask
size. Will have
"pt" appended,
e.g., 16pt.
<ml.color2> Input area text <ml.n> number of
color. Will have thoughts to
prefix "#" e.g., take
#CCCCFF
<ml.bgcolor2> Input area <ml.o> question
background wording onset
color. Will have
prefix "#" e.g.,
#CCCCFF
<ml.font2> Input area font <ml.p> number of scale
name, e.g., arial points (1-12)
<ml.fontsize> Input area font <ml.q> target question
size. Will have for thought
"pt" appended, rating
e.g., 16pt.
<ml.bg> BackGround. <ml.r> range
Append
parameters if
desired: .t, .l, .h
, .w, e.g.,
<ml.bg.w>
<ml.bs> BackSound <ml.s> spacing
<ml.bv> BackVideo. <ml.t> top position
Append
parameters if
desired: .t, .l, .h
, .w, e.g.,
<ml.bg.w>
<ml.textx> Text Label (1- <ml.ttl> send ttl signal
12). Replace x
with option
number, e.g.,
<ml.text7>
96 MediaLab v2014

<ml.labelx> Button Label <ml.w> width

(1-12). Replace
x with option
number, e.g.,
<ml.label7>
<ml.skiptox> SkipTo Value <ml.x> password
(1-12). Replace required to
x with option continue
number, e.g.,
<ml.skipto10>
<ml.goback> Whether
GoBack is
allowed. True/
False.
<...> Any variable
from
responses.xls.
Specify variable
in angular
brackets, e.g.,
<var1>.

All of the variables above may be directly substituted into your HTML file. For example, if
the question wording in you HTML were: "Please choose from one of the <ml.p>
alternatives" and you had used the parameter (p5), the question wording would appear
as "Please choose from one of the 5 alternatives."
The code to display an image in HTML may look like this:

<img src="mypic.jpg">
Instead of having this be a fixed image, you could have your custom item pull up a
different picture every time by placing an image in the background field in the
questionnaire. Then, in your HTML you could specify:

<img src="<ml.bg>">

Voila--a different picture every time--whatever you have put in the BackGround field!

Indirect Substitution (optional)

Values may be directly substituted by entering them directly into the HTML code as
above. This can make previewing the HTML (e.e., in Internet Explorer) a little difficult
because IE won't know what <ml.bg> means. If you don't care about previewing the
HTML, then it doesn't really matter. However, there is an alternative method called
indirect substitution where you can list the substitutions below all the HTML code like this:

<form method="post">
<img src="mypic.jpg"><br>
some wording here
<input name="varname">
<input type="submit" value="Continue"">
</form>
 97

<!--ml.subs
ml.sub "question wording" = <ml.wording>
ml.sub "varname" = <ml.varname>
ml.sub "mypic.jpg" = <ml.bg>
-->

See Also
Custom Items, Overview 88
Repeating Custom Items 91
Single Vs. Multiple Variables 92
Samples 97

9.4 Samples
Some Custom Sample Code
Examples of custom items and various code snippets can be found throughout the forums
at www.empirisoft.com/support
The following examples of HTML form code are taken from www.w3schools.com/html/
html_forms.asp

Text Fields
Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>
How it looks in a browser:

Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most browsers, the width of the
text field is 20 characters by default.

Radio Buttons
Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limited number of
choices.

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male"> Male <br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female"> Female
</form>
98 MediaLab v2014

How it looks in a browser:

Note that only one option can be chosen.

Checkboxes
Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of a limited
number of choices.

<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="bike">I have a bike <br>
<input type="checkbox" name="car">I have a car
</form>
How it looks in a browser:

The Submit Button

When the user clicks on the "Submit" button, the content of the form is sent to another
file. The form's action attribute defines the name of the file to send the content to. The
file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input.

<form method="post">
Username: <input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>

How it looks in a browser:

If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, you will
make the text data available to MediaLab for the variable User.

Source: www.w3schools.com /htm l/htm l_form s.asp

Back to Custom Item s Ov erv iew 88

 99

Responses.xls: Calculated Values, Complex Skips & Reports

Overview
This section will show you how to accomplish three advanced functions with MediaLab:
Calculate scores and other variables while a session is running. Present these
calculated values on screen as stimuli or feedback, use them in skip patterns, or in
post-session reports.
Execute complex skip patterns. Base skips on any prior response, or even combinations
of prior responses and calculated variables.
Create and optionally print summary reports immediately following the experimental
session. Create graphs, scale scores, or anything else you want based on raw and/or
summarized data.

Sample
Before we look into the technical details of accomplishing these advanced functions, let's
run a quick sample that demonstrates all three. Note that to take advantage of the
functions described in this section, you will need to have Microsoft Excel installed on your
system—both to design and to run the sessions. Also, because these are considered
advanced features, we're going to presume you have some basic familiarity with
MediaLab.
From the samples folder, run Condition 1 of the following experiment:

C:\MediaLab\Samples\Sample5 advanced features\advanced.exp

After the first few questions, this should appear to look just like the standard self-esteem
questionnaire sample from the introductory tutorial.
What is very different from the standard tutorial is the summary screen which follows the
self-esteem scale. Somehow, we have been able to calculate your overall self-esteem
score and present that value back to you. We have also been able to tell you what that
score means—i.e., whether you are high or low in self-esteem—complete with matching
emoticon—i.e., :) or :(.

We have also been able to calculate your average response time and tell you if you've
been fast or slow. On the following screen we continue by asking a question about your
membership in a racial minority or majority—based on how you responded to the race
question earlier in the questionnaire.
What happens next will depend on how you scored on the self-esteem test. You can try
this a couple times to see for yourself. If you scored moderately (2, 3, or 4), then you will
be at the end of the session. If you scored very high (greater than 4) then you will be at
a screen representing where a social desirability scale might be administered. If you
scored very low (less than 2) then you will be at a screen representing where a
depression inventory might be administered.
When you're done, go to the experiment's data folder. In here, you'll find a folder called
"reports". Inside the reports folder is a file called 1.xls (this will be different if you used
another subject ID). Open this file by double-clicking on it. First you'll see many of the
responses you gave to the questionnaire. Click on the tab at the bottom left that says
"sheet 2". Here you'll find a custom report for the session that displays your name, age
and self-esteem score. It presents a graphic that is based on your self-esteem score and
also displays a graph of the individual response times for each question. This report is
completely customizable and can be created automatically for each subject—with any raw
100 MediaLab v2014

or summary data you like, and formatted in any way you like.

How is it all done?

Let's close the report file and go back to the experiment folder. Open the file
responses.xls—this is the secret. If you have a standard Excel file called responses.xls in
your experiment folder then MediaLab knows you want to use some or all of these
advanced functions. The question now—what do we put in this Excel file called
responses.xls?

Variable, Value and Skipto

Notice that there are three columns on the opening worksheet—variable, value, and
skipto.

The Variable Column

In the variable column there are two types of variables—experiment variables and
calculated variables. If you take a look in our questionnaire self-esteem.que you'll see
that many of the variables listed there are also listed here in the variable column of
responses.xls—name, age, rse1, rse2, etc. These are experiment variables—i.e., variables
taken from any of our questionnaire files in the experiment. This also includes reaction
times such as trse1, trse2, trse3 and so on. If it would normally appear in your regular
MediaLab data files, then it can be used as an experiment variable in the responses.xls
file.
But what about variables like minmaj, rse (positive scored), rse (positive scored), and
rse? These are not variables from the experiment. That's because they are calculated
variables we are creating them here in the responses.xls file. You can create any and as
many new calculated variables as you like and you can call them whatever you like. The
only rule for a calculated variable is that it has a name that isn't used in your experiment.

The Value Column

This brings us to the value column. For experiment variables, this is really simple—you
don't need to do anything. As a subject progresses through your experiment, MediaLab
will automatically fill these values in with whatever value is recorded for that variable in
the regular data files. After every question in your experiment, MediaLab checks the
variable column of the responses.xls file to see if it can fill in any values with the newly
acquired data. Thus, experiment variables are automatically updated by MediaLab when
the data become available.
What happens next is the really fun part–Excel automatically updates all of your
calculated variables taking into account the current values of your experiment variables!
Let's look at the example of rse (positive scored) . Double-click the mouse on the value
column for this calculated variable. You'll see that this cell actually contains the formula:

=AVERAGE(B4,B5,B7,B9,B10)
This is an Excel calculation formula. We're telling Excel that we want the value here to
equal the average of the cells listed in parentheses. If you look at what's in those cells,
you'll see that it's the subject's responses to rse1, rse2, rse4, rse6, and rse7. These
happen to be the positively scored self-esteem items such as "I feel that I have a number
of good qualities."
Now let's look at rse (negative scored) . You'll see that this cell contains:

=7-AVERAGE(B6,B8,B11,B12,B13)
 101

Here we're averaging the reverse scored items (e.g., "I am inclined to feel that I am a
failure.") and then subtracting that value from 7 to recode it such that higher numbers
reflect higher self-esteem.

Finally, look at rse :

=AVERAGE(B27,B28)
We see that the final calculated self-esteem score is an average of the two sub-scores
above. Now we have a calculated variable rse that is the subject's overall self-esteem
score.

10.1 Calculated Scores

Presenting Calculated Scores in MediaLab

Now that we have calculated a number of variables from the current session, we can
present these values back to the subject. Take a look at item #15 in the self-esteem
questionnaire:

You have <rselabel> self esteem <face>

You scored <rse> out of a possible 6.

Your average response time was <rsert>ms (<rsertspeed>).

We are presenting six calculated variables here—all from the responses.xls file. On the
second line of the above question wording we see where we are using the calculated
self-esteem score. We do this by placing the name of the calculated variable in angular
brackets like this: <rse>. That's all there is to it—using this method, you can insert the
value any calculated variable into the question wording of any MediaLab item.
Following the same idea, we calculated and presented whether the subject was high or
low in self-esteem by using the calculation for <rselabel> as follows:

=IF(B29>3,"high","low")
Using Excel's language for conditional logic, here we're saying that if the subject's
calculated self-esteem is greater than 3, then they're "high" and that otherwise, they're
"low". Calculating and presenting the subject's average response time, whether it is
considered "slow" or "fast" are additional examples of the same idea—calculating new
variables from gathered data and using those values in the same session.

Save Calculated Variables to Your Data Files

You can save calculated values along with your other MediaLab data. Create simple
placeholder variables in your questionnaire by using the Custom item type with no
filename. When such an item is encountered, MediaLab will check to see if the variable
name exists in your responses.xls file. If it does, then MediaLab will record the value for
that variable in your regular data files. In other words, by using the same variable name
for the placeholder and calculated variables, MediaLab will know which values to grab
from responses.xls and store in your regular data files. Note that MediaLab will be
grabbing the current value of the calculated variable if and whenever it comes across the
placeholder item during the session--i.e., location of the placeholder within your session
could be an important factor.
 102 MediaLab v2014

See Also: Adv anced Features Ov erv iew 99

10.2 Complex Skips

Just as calculated variables can be used as information we can present back to subjects,
they can also be used to help us with skip logic. For any experiment variable you have
entered in the reponses.xls file, you can specify or calculate a variable to skip to when
that item is completed. If the current MediaLab item is listed in the variable column of the
responses.xls file, then MediaLab will check the skipto column when the item is finished to
see where it should go next. If there is no skipto value then no skip will occur.

Let's take the fill-in-the-blank age question for example. Currently, there is no skipto
value. What would happen if we typed "debrief" into the skipto column for that item?
When the age item came up in the MediaLab session, MediaLab would see that age is
listed in the responses.xls file. It would see the skipto value of debrief and send the
subject to the last item in the questionnaire because it is named debrief. If you have used
MediaLab's skipto function in the past, this is pretty standard stuff.
Where it gets interesting is in the fact that you can now use the responses.xls file to
calculate skipto values. Instead of placing a static value in the skipto column, we can
compute a variable based on what's been happening in the experiment. Let's say that
we want to use the subject's self-esteem score to determine what happens next. If they
scored extremely high, we want to administer a scale which measures socially desirable
responding. If they scored extremely low then we want to administer a depression
inventory. If they scored in the normal range, we'll skip them to the end of the session.
Take a look at how we do this by checking out the formula in C26, that is the skipto value
of the essay item, ess1:

=IF(B29<2,"dep",IF(B29>4,"sdes","debrief"))
In this formula, you can see three items from the questionnaire file—dep, sdes, and
debrief. These are our three skipto candidates. The conditional logic of Excel is applied to
say: "If self-esteem is < 2 then dep otherwise if self-esteem is > 4 then sdes, otherwise
debrief."

See Also: Adv anced Features Ov erv iew 99

10.3 Post-Session Reports

At the end of every session, MediaLab automatically saves a copy of Responses.xls in the
data\reports folder. The copy is named using the current subject ID and will have all of
the subject's responses to the experiment variables saved in the value column. There are
two reasons for this. One is that this allows you to open the subject's report and check
your calculations. You will be able to view the results of all of calculated variables and
skipto values based on the subject's actual responses. It's a handy way to check your
work.
The second reason for this is the option to create post-session reports for each subject.
In the sample provided, you can click on the "sheet2" tab in the lower left corner of
Responses.xls. You will see a template for a post-session report. This is a completely
free-format. It uses Excel formatting to create text and figures with references to
experiment and calculated variables on the main worksheet. As the session unfolds and
 103

values are updated on the main sheet—so are the fields and figures in the report. When
the session is over, the report is saved for easy access to these summary data. Take a
look at "sheet2" of data\reports\1.xls as an example.

Notice that on the main page of responses.xls there are two lines that read:

print.sheet1 no
print.sheet2 no
You can add these optional lines to any responses.xls file. If listed with "yes" in the value
column, they instruct MediaLab to send the listed worksheet(s) directly to your default
printer. This is handy, for example, if you want a report on "sheet2" to print automatically
so that you might discuss the results with the participant.

See Also: Adv anced Features Ov erv iew 99

10.4 Tips

Extra Notes & Rules to Know

When creating a responses.xls file and saving it for the first time, the File name is just
the word "responses" (without the quotation marks) and the type of file must be .xls.
Any use of a responses.xls must follow this convention and must be saved in the same
folder as the MediaLab files that use it.
As a guiding principle remember that MediaLab never looks at your formulas—only the
results! How the results of calculated variables occur is completely between you and
Excel. Remember that it's your recipe–MediaLab just supplies the ingredients and eats
the meal.

You can include as many or as few experimental variables as you like; you don't need
to list every variable from your questionnaire files in the responses.xls file. Feel free to
include only those that you need for your calculations.
A complete discussion of Excel's logic and math functions is way out of the scope if this
tutorial. If you've never done calculations in Excel this might seem a bit intimidating at
first, but it's really not too bad (honest!). The trick is getting an understanding of how
to nest multiple conditions within a single calculation. Grab a pot of coffee and go
through Excel's help on this for an hour or so and you'll get it.
To access the relevant help on constructing calculations and conditional statements,
press F1 in Excel. Using the Answer Wizard or the Index, look up terms like If, And, Or,
Logical Functions, Functions Listed by Category.
When including experiment variables in the responses.xls file, you can include ANY
variable from ANY questionnaire in your experiment—everything goes into the
responses.xls file, which is placed in your experiment folder.
Variable names used for experiment variables need to match the variable names used
in the MediaLab data files. This is important to remember for items that record multiple
values. For example, let's say you have a multiple response question called MR1 that
has five response options. Normally, there won't be a variable in your data file called
MR1. Since there are five responses written, they will be called MR1_01, MR1_02,
MR1_03 and so forth. This applies also to thought listing items and ranking items. If in
doubt, you can always check one of your data files to see how the variable names are
written.
 104 MediaLab v2014

When creating conditional statements or calculations based on the value of experiment

variables, it will always be the value written to the final data file that MediaLab will
enter in the value column of Responses.xls.

Essay content can not be accessed as a variable.

responses.xls files should not have any empty rows on the main page

MediaLab executes skips by skipping over items until the desired item is found. This
means that if you tell MediaLab to skip to a variable that doesn't exist then the session
will end.
Using a responses.xls file will have no impact on your primary data files—i.e., calculated
variables are just for use during the experiment and are saved only in the post-session
report (i.e., in the reports folder see above).
In addition to saving a copy of the responses.xls file under the subject's ID in the data
\reports folder, MediaLab will also save a copy as !currentsession.xls in the same
folder. This is a temporary file reflecting the responses of the most recent participant in
the experiment.
Currently the MediaLab GoBack function is disabled if calculated skips are involved..

See Also: Adv anced Features Ov erv iew 99

QuickInfo
Here are a few miscellaneous tips that don't easily fit elsewhere in this guide.

Specifying File Paths 104

Sizing Im ages and Mov ies 105

Miscellaneous Features 106

Using Responses from MediaLab as Stimuli in DirectRT 106

Adjusting Speaker Volume Automatically During Session 107
Secondary Tasks - Requiring Participants to Respond to Probes 107

Sending and Receiving Serial Data 107

Trouble Shooting Tips 109

11.1 Specifying File Paths

When you tell MediaLab to present a file (e.g., an image, a sound, a movie, a
questionnaire, etc.), you need to specify where that file is located. There are two ways to
do this—using absolute or relative paths.

Absolute Paths
If the file you are presenting exists anywhere outside of the experiment folder then you
will have to specify an absolute file path. An absolute file path is the exact location of the
 105

file (e.g., c:\mypictures\myimage.bmp). You can find the absolute pathway of a file by
right-clicking it and selecting Properties. Next to the word "Location:" in the General tab
of the window that opens, you will find the absolute pathway with everything except the
file name at the end. Simply copy the entire pathway next to the word "Location:" paste
it where you need it, and be sure to add "\your file name here" (without the quotation
marks) to the end of the pathway you copied.
Remember, if the file is not in the same directory as the experiment or it's not in a
subfolder in the experiment file folder, then you must specify the complete path of the
file. Make sure that any absolute file paths you use will still be valid if you copy your
experiment to another computer.

Relativ e Paths
If the file is located in the same folder as your experiment file, then you can simply enter
just the name of the file (e.g., myimage.bmp). If the file is located in a subfolder that is
located in the same folder as your experiment files, then you can enter the name of the
subfolder followed by the name of the file (e.g., images\myimage.bmp). You can use a
relative path for ANY file located anywhere within your main experiment folder.
The advantage of placing the file in the experiment directory (or a subfolder) is that the
experiment folder can then be moved to a different place and you won't have to worry
about checking path names (e.g., c:\..., d:\..., etc.). You could copy your experiment folder
to any location on any drive and all of the relative paths would still be valid.

Hint
You can specify relative or absolute file paths to be the default when selecting files in the
Experiment Editor. You can set your preferred default in the Options menu 15 . It is
recommended to set this option to Use Relative Paths. This is because the only time an
absolute path is necessary is when the desired file is not located somewhere within the
experiment folder. However, even if you are using relative paths, the editor will enter an
absolute path if this is the case.

11.2 Sizing Images and Movies

MediaLab tries to use a resolution-independent scale so that your experiments will look
the same no matter what resolution of the computer on which you run them. Some
differences can not be avoided however. To see what the scale is on your particular
system, choose "Show Location Points" from the Help menu in MediaLab. To see how the
resolution independence works, take a look at the scale now. Then resize the MediaLab
window and try it again. You should notice that the scale doesn't change. Try setting a
different display resolution on your computer (Control Panel -> Display, Settings). Look at
the scale again—it should be about the same no matter how you change your display.
One factor that does to to influence the scale is whether you use "small fonts" or "large
fonts" in your system settings. Small fonts produce a slightly larger range for both height
and width. If you want the experiment to look the same on all computers you should
check to make sure they are all running small fonts or that they are all running large
fonts.
Typically, the width parameter 63 will range from 1 to about 700. The height parameter
63 will range from 1 to about 500. These values apply to the top and left parameters 60
as well.
Note that the scale applies to most everything in MediaLab when the top, left, height,
and width parameters are used. The exception is movies. Movies do not follow the
MediaLab scale because they are presented with the Windows MediaPlayer.
Consequently, if you specify a width of 300 (for example) it will appear smaller on a larger
 106 MediaLab v2014

screen resolution. How you can combat this is to use the special width parameters 63
provided especially for movies. For example, (w-1) will play the movie at full screen, (w-2)
will play it half screen, (w-3) at a quarter and there are others.

Note also that although the scale applies to images, that this is only true if you explictly
define the size of the image (using the height and width parameters). Otherwise the
image will appear as it's default size. For example a 300 pixel wide image will appear
smaller when you use higher screen resolutions. However if you explicitly define the size
using the height and width parameters then it will appear according to the MediaLab
scaling system. You can find more information about this in the following sections of the
manual:

Parameters (Questionnaire Files) 57

Parameters (Experiment Files) 31

The most common resolutions are 640x480, 800x600, and 1024x768. The first number
tells you the number of pixels that are displayed across your screen, and the second
number tells you the number that are displayed down your screen. You can determine
and/or set the resolution of your display by right clicking on your desktop and selecting
Properties > Display. MediaLab tries to use a resolution-independent scale so that your
experiments will look the same no matter what resolution you run in. Some differences
can not be avoided however. To see what the scale is on your particular system, choose
Show Location Points from the Help menu in MediaLab.
By right clicking on your desktop and choosing Settings you can see if your system is set
to use large or small fonts. In 640x480 mode, only small fonts are available. At greater
resolutions, you may optionally choose large fonts. This impacts on window sizes as well.
Larger fonts result in larger windows. In our testing, MediaLab has worked well in most
resolutions with both large and small fonts.

11.3 Miscellaneous Features

These features are documented here despite the fact that not as commonly used as the
others discussed in this manual. Sometimes when people get customizations to MediaLab
done, they are very useful to a lot of other users and so they get worked into the
manual. Other times, well… they'll probably gather some dust. But just in case somebody
else might be able to benefit from them, here they are:

Using Responses from MediaLab as Stimuli in DirectRT

At some point you may want to use a subject's answer to a scale response 50 or fill-in-
the-blank 44 item as a stimulus in DirectRT. For example, in MediaLab you could ask a
series of fill-in-the-blank items asking subjects to enter foods that they like. Or you might
ask them to indicate their race using a scale response. Then in a DirectRT session, you
might want to display these responses as stimuli (e.g., as primes or targets in a priming
study). For fill-in-the-blanks and scale responses, you can specify a file name ending with
.txt in the File Name 41 field to have MediaLab save the response in the file you specify.
This will cause MediaLab to save the subject's response preceded with a "~" symbol so
that DirectRT will recognize that it is text for display purposes. Then, in DirectRT, you can
specify that this text be displayed as a stimulus by using the "&" symbol (which tells
DirectRT to read a single line stimulus from a text file). So if you have a MediaLab
question that asks subjects their race called "race" you could enter something like "c:
\race prime study\stim\race.txt" in the File Name field. Then, in your DirectRT input file, you
could refer to "&race" as a stimulus. When DirectRT finds this, it will open the race.txt file
that MediaLab created, and will present the subject's response as the stimulus. See the
DirectRT documentation regarding "Input Files" and "Stim" types for more detail.
 107

Adjusting Speaker Volume Automatically During Session

Sometimes you will have multiple media clips in your session and they vary in volume.
Some play too loud, others not loud enough. Now you can embed an executable item at
any point called volume.exe located in the C:\MediaLab\Utilities\Sounds folder. Copy this
file into your experiment folder. Anywhere in your experiment add an executable item and
in the File Name field, type volume.exe. In the parameters field enter (c5) where 5 is a
volume setting from 1 to 10. For max volume, enter (c10) and for min volume enter (c1).
Any integer value from 1 to 10 is permitted. You'll get a brief, "please wait one moment"
message while the volume is adjusted, after which you can click to continue.

Secondary Tasks - Requiring Participants to Respond to Probes

Visual, auditory and TTL signal probes can be launched at any time from your
questionnaire. You can create a schedule of probes at either random or fixed intervals
and get subjects' response times to the probes. The probe schedule can span multiple
items as it runs independently of the experiment once launched. Response times are
assessed using DirectX so their accuracy is very good.
To execute a probe task you create a schedule of probes in an Excel file. Each schedule
may contain multiple sets of probes, with each set having an ID such as 1, 2, 3 and so
on. In a MediaLab questionnaire, we refer to this ID in the parameters of any item by
saying "*1" or "*2". That tells the Probe Generator which set of probes to execute. The
set will execute until completion which means that a single set can span one or many
items in MediaLab. You can have as many sets of probes as you like (Set 1, Set 2, Set 3
and so on). However, you can only request a given set once in a session. You might
assign different probe sets to different tasks within the same session, or to the same
task in different between subject conditions.
For detailed documentation and samples see:
http://www.empirisoft.com/support/showthread.php?p=826

Sending and Receiving Serial Data

Some external devices can emulate keyboard input so that input will be instantly
recognized as key presses from a standard keyboard--they will just arrive much faster.
For example, our DirectINTM Precision Button Boxes and Keyboards are all USB ready and
send signals within 1ms that look like regular keystrokes to your computer. Some older
devices though still communicate via the serial port. This section describes how you can
get MediaLab to recognize and record serial port data.

Receiv ing a Single Response v ia Serial Port

As an alternative to keyboard input, you can receive input from external devices such as
response boxes via the serial port. To do so you just need to create a file called
comport.txt in your experiment folder and copy the following text into it:

comPort, baudRate, parity, dataBit, stopBit

1,19200,n,8,1
input code (1-255), response value (1-12)
1,1
2,2
3,3
4,4
5,5
6,6
108 MediaLab v2014

You should not modify the first or third line. The second line represents the values of the
variables listed on the first line. You can change any of these as necessary. The
remaining lines tell MediaLab how to map incoming signals to response keys. On each line
you can list a pair where the first value is the signal sent to the serial port (i.e., 1-255)
and the second value is the response it should map on to (i.e., 1 to 12). In the example
above, if MediaLab detects a "1" coming through the serial port, it will react as though
the 1 or F1 key had just been pressed.

Receiv ing Stream s of Serial Data

MediaLab can also accept and log streams of serial data from an external source.
MediaLab will write the exact ASCII data to an external file named comdata.txt. To
indicate to MediaLab that the serial data should be recorded, your serial device should be
programmed to send out data packets that are surrounded in {} brackets as follows:

{
Hello World
This is data for MediaLab
}
The comdata.txt file will contain the data

Hello World
This is data for MediaLab
This function requires that you create a file called comdata.txt and place it in your
experiment folder. If MediaLab sees this file, it will automatically watch for and save any
serial data that is surrounded in { } brackets. In order for MediaLab to use the proper
serial port settings, you should also include a comport.txt file as described above. If you
do not want any key mappings, it could simply look like this:

comPort, baudRate, parity, dataBit, stopBit

1,19200,n,8,1
input code (1-255), response value (1-12)
0,0

Sending Stream s of Serial Data

If you are using a comport.txt file, you can also send a string of data to the serial port by
adding the string as a parameter value for any given questionnaire item. The string
should be enclosed within braces-{}- and angular brackets-<>- like this:

<{112340}> or <{RED}>
When included in the parameters for a 5pt scale response, for example, your parameters
field might look like this:

(p5,<{SCALE1}>)
In this example, so long as you have a valid comport.txt file in your experiment folder (see
above), then MediaLab would send "SCALE1" to the appropriate port at the onset of this
scale response item. Again, if you do not want any key mappings, comport.txt could
simply look like this:
 109

comPort, baudRate, parity, dataBit, stopBit

1,19200,n,8,1
input code (1-255), response value (1-12)
0,0

See Also:
Receiving Responses Via TTL Signals 62
Receiving Response Via Serial Port 55

11.4 Trouble Shooting Tips

Answers to many common trouble shooting questions can be found at our support site. If
you can not find the answer to your question there, you may register a username and
password and post your question directly on the support site. This is often the fastest
way to get an answer from us or maybe even one of our other helpful users. If for some
reason, you can not get the answer you need via the support site, then contact us
directly through email at support@empirisoft.com.
No matter which route you take, there are two basic types of trouble you might
experience while trying to use MediaLab. The first is trouble associated with a particular
input file and the second is trouble associated with the program in general. Here are
some questions and we're likely to ask and recommendations for what to do depending
on your situation.

Questionnaire or Experiment File Trouble

If you're having trouble with a particular file you're working on, but otherwise MediaLab is
running fine (e.g., samples work ok), then:
Post your questions on the forums at the Empirisoft website or send us an email with
your questions and a copy of your problem file with as few items in it as possible to
illustrate your question. Ideally, try to send files that are directly relevant to your
problem or question; this will help us see as quickly as possible what's going on. If we
can quickly see and replicate the issue here, then we can usually solve the problem
much faster. If you need to send a large file or set of files, it's best to use a
compressed .zip folder.

System or Software Trouble

If it's an apparent bug that you've found, or some unusual behavior, try to tell us the
following in your post or email:
Does the same thing happen on multiple machines, or just one? Problems that replicate
are usually much easier to fix!
Is it seemingly random or predictable? What do you have to do to make it happen?

Does the same thing happen with any of the files that come with MediaLab in the
Samples folder or is it specific to a single file that you've created (see above)?
What version of MediaLab (e.g., ver20xx.x.xxx) are you using? You can find this by
clicking "About" on the Help menu. What version of Windows are you using? Have you
tried making sure that no other programs are running at the same time that might be
causing some kind of interference?
110 MediaLab v2014

Note that the samples that come with MediaLab should always run fine. If they don't, you
may have a system problem. In this case, the first thing to try is usually making sure you
have the latest version of MediaLab.

One thing we can do is look over your system diagnostics and see if there are any
obvious problems that could be corrected. If you want to try that, here is how you do it:
Type "dxdiag" from the "Run" command on the Windows "Start" menu. You will get a
complete diagnostic description of your system. If you then click "Save All Information"
and send the resulting file to us, we'll take a look at it and see if we can see anything
problematic. You can also check for some obvious problems here yourself--the display tab
in particular may indicate you could benefit from a driver update or other action.
 111

Determining Random Order 74

A Essay Responses 74
Excel 73
Absolute vs Relative Paths, 104 FAQ 72
Advanced Features, 99 Merging Files 73
Calculated Scores and Variables 101 Missing Values 75
Complex Skips 102 Recoding 74
Session Report 102 SAS 73
Alternate Data Folder, 9, 83 SAV 70
Animation (see Movie), 47 SPSS 70, 73
Autostart Files, 87 Timestamps 74
TXT 70
B Variable Names 76
Vertical Format 75
BackGround,
Write Data as Text 69
.exp 27
Write Reaction Time 69
.que 39
Write to Data File 68
BackSound,
.exp 28 DirectRT, 43
Using MediaLab Responses 106
.que 40
DirectX, 109
BackVideo,
.exp 28 Disable Clear Data, 84
.que 41 Disable System Key Sequences, 83
Double-Click to close MediaLab, 83
ByQuestionnaire Data, 70
Duration, d Parameter, 31, 57
ByVariablename Data, 70
Duration, d Parameter, .que, 60
C dxdiag, DirectX, 109

CD-ROM Experiments, 9 E
Clear Data, 75, 84
Essay, 44
Codes, License, 4
Data 74
Colours, 83
Parameters 57
Command Line, c Parameter, 31, 57
Excel, 70, 73
ComPort Data, 107
Executable, 44
Copying and Pasting in Editor, 17
Parameters, .exp 31
CSV Data Files, 70, 73
Parameters, .que 57
Custom Items, 43
Creating 88 Experiment Editor, 11, 17
Edit Menu 14
Data 76
Editing Tips 17
D File Menu 12
Options 15
Data, Printing 16
Access MDB file 75 Windows 15
ByQuestionnaire 70 Experiment Files, 6, 20
ByVariablename 70 BackGround 27
Clear Data 75, 84 BackSound 28
CSV 70, 73 BackVideo 28
Custom Items 76 Editing 20

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

 112 MediaLab v2014

Experiment Files, 6, 20 Parameters, .que 57

Editing Tips 17 Questionnaire Item 46
File 26 Inquisit, 47
Overview Window 21 Installation, 4
Parameters 31 Instructions, 47
Printing 16 Parameters 57
Quitting Early 10 IP Licensing, 4
Randomize Between Groups, RBG 30 Item Types, 43
Randomize Within Groups, RWG 29 Item Wording, 53
Running 9
K
F
Key Concepts, MediaLab, 6
Features, Keys to Skip Items, 10
Overview 1
Feedback, Modifying, 86 L
File Paths, 9, 104
Filename, .exp, 26 Labels, 55
Filename, .que, 41, 53 License Codes, 4
Fill in the Blank, 44 Licensing, IP, 4
Parameters 57 Load Other Preferences File, 84
Fonts,
Fonts and Colours 83
M
Foreign 85
Machine Code, 84
Mask, m Parameter, 31, 57
G
MediaLab,
Data 70
GoBack, 42
Experiment Editor 11
H Experiment Files 20
Main Program Window 8
Height, w Parameter, .que, 63 Overview 1, 6
Help, 109 Preferences 82
Hide MediaLab Rats, 83 Questionnaire Files 34
HTML, Trouble Shooting 109
Custom Items 43 MediaLab Sample Experiments, 76
Experiment File 26 Merging Data Files, 73
Parameters, .exp 31 Message Text, Modifying, 86
Parameters, .que 57 Missing Values, 75
Question Labels 55 Modify Message Text, 86
Questionnaire Item 45 Movie,
BackVideo, .exp 28
I Backvideo, .que 41
Experiment File 26
Image, Parameters, .exp 31
BackGround, .exp 27 Parameters, .que 57
BackGround, .que 39 Questionnaire Item 47
Experiment File 26
Multiple Choice (see Scale Response), 50
Parameters, .exp 31
Multiple Response, 47

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

 113

Multiple Response Item, Top, t 60

Parameters 57 TTL Signal 62
Mute MediaLab Sounds, 84 Width, w 63
Password to End Option, 84
N Password, x Parameter, 31, 57
Path Names, 9, 104
Name, 56 Points, p Parameter, 31, 57
Navigation, 10 Position of Items, 64
GoBack 42
Power Point Show,
Secret Keys 10 Experiment File 26
Network Drives, 9 Parameters, .exp 31
Number of Thoughts, n, 61 Questionnaire Item 48
Number of Thoughts, n Parameter, 31, 57 Preferences, Experiment Editor, 15
Preferences, MediaLab, 82
O Autostart Files 87
Disable Clear Data 84
Omit Conditions, 57
Disable System Key Sequences 83
On-Line Ratings, 48
Parameters 57 Double-Click to close MediaLab 83
Fonts and Colours 83
Onset, o Parameter, 31, 57
Foreign Fonts 85
Open Ended Responses,
Essay 44 Hide MediaLab Rats 83
Fill in the Blank 44 Load Other Preferences File 84
Modify Message Text 86
Options, Experiment Editor, 15
Mute MediaLab Sounds 84
Options, MediaLab, 82
On-the-fly Editing of Word Documents 83
Overview Window,
Experiment Editor 21 Password to End Option 84
Questionnairre Editor 35 QuickStyles 84
Saving Preferences 84
Overview, MediaLab, 6
Supporting Applications 84
P Unique Machine Code 84
Use Alternate Data File 83
Parameters, .exp, 31 Printing, 16
Parameters, .que, 57 Probe Task, 106
Command Line Arguments, c 59
Duration, d 60 Q
Height, h 63
Key, k 60 Question Wording, 53
Left, l 60 Question, q Parameter, 31, 57
Mask, m 61 Questionnaire Editor, 34
Number of Points, p 61 Questionnaire Files, 6, 26, 34, 53
Number of Thoughts, n 61 BackGround 39
Onset of Wording, o 61 BackSound 40
Password, x 61 BackVideo 41
Quickstyle, $ 59 Custom 43
Range, r 62 DirectRT 43
Spacing, s 62 Editing 34
Target Question, q 62 Editing Tips 17
TimeStamp, @ 59 Essay 44

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

 114 MediaLab v2014

Questionnaire Files, 6, 26, 34, 53 Present n of x items 66

Executables 44 RBG, .exp 30
Filename 41, 53 RBG, .que 65
Fill in the Blank 44 RWG, Experiment Files 29
GoBack 42 RWG, .que 64
HTML 45 Tracking Presentation Order 74
Image File 46 Randomize Between Groups, .exp, 30
Inquisit 47 Randomize Between Groups, .que, 65
Instructions 47 Randomize Within Groups, .exp, 29
Item Types 43 Randomize Within Groups, .que, 64
Item Wording 53 Range, r Parameter, 31, 57, 62
Labels 55 Ranking, 49
Movie 47 Parameters 57
Multiple Response 47 Recall List, 49
Name 56 Parameters 57
Omit Conditions 57 Recoding Data, 74
On-Line Ratings 48 Reinstalling, 4
Overview Window 35 Relative vs Absolute Paths, 104
Parameters 57 Response Times,
Position of Items 64 Variable Names 56
Power Point Show 48 Running a Session, 9
Present n of x items 66
Printing 16 S
Quitting Early 10
Randomize Between Groups, RBG 65 Sample Experiments, 76
Randomize Within Groups, RWG 64 SAS, 73
Ranking 49 SAV Data Files, 70
Recall List 49 Saving Preferences, 84
Running 9 Scale Response, 50
Scale Response 50 Parameters 57
Skip To 66 Screen Resolution, 4
Sound File 50 Secondary Task, 106
Text Labels 67 Secret Keys, 10
Thought Listing 51 Serial Data, 107
Thought Rating 51 Setup, MediaLab, 4
Voice Response 51 Skip To, 66
WebTracker 52 Sound,
Word Document 52 BackSound, .exp 28
Write Data as Text 69 BackSound, .que 40
Write Reaction Time 69 Experiment File 26
Write to Data File 68 Parameters, .exp 31
Parameters, .que 57
Quickstyle, $ Parameter, 57
Questionnaire Files 50
QuickStyles, 84
Quitting Early, 10 Sound Effects, MediaLab, 84
Spacing, s Parameter, 31, 57, 62
R Speaker Volume, 106
Speaker,Volume,Sound, 107
Randomization, Spell Checking, 20

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation

 115

SPSS, 73
Syntax and Data 70 Z
Variable Names 56
Zip Files, 76
Support, 109
Supporting Applications, 84
System Requirements, 4
System Settings, 4

Target Question, q Parameter, 62

Task bar, 4
Text Labels, 67
Thought Listing, 51
Thought Listing,
Parameters 57
Thought Rating,
Parameters 57
Timestamp, @ Parameter, 57, 74
Trouble Shooting, 109
TTL Signal Parameter, 62
TXT Data Files, 70

Unique Machine Code, 84

Use Alternate Data File, 83

Variable Names, 56, 76

Video (see Movie), 47
Voice Response, 51
Parameters 57
Volume, Speaker, 106

WebTracker, 52
Width, w Parameter, .que, 63
Word Document,
Experiment File 26
On-the-fly Editing 83
Parameters, .exp 31
Parameters, .que 57
Questionnaire Item 52
Write Data as Text, 69
Write Reaction Time, 69

© 1995-2014 Empirisoft Corporation