John Kelly B.

Bales BSBA FM 2-D Governance and Philippine Constitution

1.What is Political Science. From what words were they derived? and what do these words
imply?

-Political science is the study of politics and government. The term "political science" is derived
from the words "political" and "science."

The word "political" is derived from the Latin word "politicus which means "relating to citizens or
the state." It implies the study of governance power dynamics and decision-making processes in
societies.

The word "science" is derived from the Latin word "scientia which means "knowledge." It implies
the systematic and objective study of phenomena to gain a deeper understanding and
knowledge.

Therefore political science refers to the systematic and objective study of politics government
and public policies. It involves analyzing political behavior institutions systems ideologies and
the relationship between citizens and the state. Political scientists use various research
methods and theories to study and explain these phenomena in order to better understand how
to govern and manage societies.

2. Be able to define and discuss Governance and Politics?

-Governance and politics are interconnected concepts that shape society's functioning and
decision-making processes. Governance involves managing public affairs, while politics
involves actions and policies taken by individuals and groups to gain and exercise power. Both
are essential for establishing order, ensuring accountability, and advancing collective goals.
Effective governance promotes stability, security, and sustainable development.

Politics, on the other hand, revolves around power dynamics, interests, and the pursuit of
influence. It involves competition and negotiation among individuals and groups to gain and
exercise power over resources, policies, and decision-making processes. It can occur at various
levels, from local communities to national and international arenas.

Governance and politics are intertwined because governance is inherently political and politics
influences governance. Political actors and institutions are crucial in shaping governance
structures, designing policies, and influencing decision-making processes. Citizens, political
leaders, interest groups, and citizens play vital roles in determining the course of governance
and holding those in power accountable.

The relationship between governance and politics can vary across different systems, with
democratic societies often based on representative government and political participation.
Ethical politics focus on justice, fairness, and the common good, but can also be prone to
corruption and manipulation for personal or group interests.

3. What are the scope of Political Science and identify the other Social Sciences that are
interrelated to Political Science.

-The scope of Political Science is broad and encompasses various subfields and disciplines.
Some of the main areas of study within Political Science include:

- Comparative Politics: Comparative Politics focuses on the comparison of political systems

institutions and processes across different countries or regions. It aims to identify similarities
differences and patterns in governance political behavior and public policies.

- International Relations: International Relations examines the relationships between states

international organizations and global actors. It analyzes topics such as diplomacy conflict
resolution international law globalization and global governance.

- Political Theory: Political Theory explores the ideas concepts and philosophical foundations of
politics. It examines theories of power justice democracy rights and ethics providing a
conceptual framework for understanding political phenomena- Administration: Public
Administration studies management of policies. focuses functioning efficiency agencies services
and of-making and.

: Economy between politics and economics. It the influence of economic politics and policy-
making and vice versa.

Political Science also closely inter with social sciences including Sociology Anthropology
Psychology Economics and History. These disciplines offer complementary perspectives and
methodologies for understanding political phenomena social structures human behavior
economic systems and historical context.

4 Be able to enumerate the functions importance and goals in the study of Political Science.

-The functions importance and goals of studying Political Science include:

- Understanding Political Systems: Political Science helps us understand the different forms of
political and around By we how how how Analy: us understand collective that patterns opinion
social and elites Policies formulation and, understand are the actions and effectiveness
solutions societal-oting Political role governance studying of mechanisms for and strategies for
enhancing accountability and transparency.

- Informing Policy Decisions: Political Science research provides policymakers with empirical
data analysis and recommendations to make informed decisions. It helps policymakers
understand the implications of their choices and develop evidence-based policies.
-Fostering Civic Engagement: Political Science encourages civic engagement and participation
in political processes. It helps individuals become informed citizens understand their rights and
responsibilities and actively engage in shaping their communities and societies.

The importance of studying Political Science lies in its contribution to our understanding of
politics governance and society. It equips individuals with analytical critical thinking and
problem-solving skills enabling them to navigate complex political environments and contribute
to public debate and decision-making. Political Science knowledge is essential for individuals
pursuing careers in government public service policy analysis international relations law

5. Study the Concepts of State and Government by knowing the meaning of State and
Government, the 4 Elements of State, the Purpose and Necessity of Government.

-PEOPLE / POPULATION - The State is a community of persons. It is a human political

institution. Without a population there can be no State. There is no definite limit for the size of
population essential for a State. However, it is recognized that the population should be neither
too large nor very small

TERRITORY - There can be no state without a fixed territory. People need territory to live and
organize themselves socially and politically. It may be remembered that the territory of the state
includes land, water and air-space

SOVEREIGNTY - Sovereignty is the central organizing principle of the system of states. At its
core, sovereignty is typically taken to mean the possession of absolute authority within a
bounded territorial space. There is essentially an internal and external dimension of sovereignty.
Internally, a sovereign government is a fixed authority with a settled population that possesses a
monopoly on the use of force. It is the supreme authority within its territory. Externally,
sovereignty is the entry ticket into the society of states Recognition on the part of other states
helps to ensure territorial integrity and is the entree into participating in diplomacy and
international organizations on an equal footing with other states.

GOVERNMENT - There can be no state without government Government is the working agency
of the state. It is the political organization of the state.

6.Distinguish State from nation and State from Government

-State refers to a geographical territory that is governed by a centralized authority and has the
power to make and enforce laws within its borders. It is a politically organized entity that
exercises control and sovereignty over its population and territory.

Nation on the other hand refers to a community of people who share a common cultural
linguistic historical or ethnic background. A nation can exist within one state or span across
multiple states.
A government on the other hand is the institution or group of individuals that has the authority to
make decisions enforce laws and manage the affairs of a state. The government is responsible
for implementing policies maintaining order and providing public services within a state.

In summary a state refers to the physical territory and political entity while a nation refers to a
group of people with shared characteristics. A government on the other hand is the institution
that exercises authority and manages the affairs of a state.

7. What are the Forms of Government?

a. As to the Number of Persons Exercising Sovereign Power
b. As to the Extent of powers Exercised by Central or NationalGovernment.
c. As to the Relationship between the Executive and Legislative Branches of the government.

-A. As to the number of persons exercising sovereign powers:

Monarchy - the supreme authority is in the hands of a one person only; how he got into power or
how long his tenure would be does not matter

Absolute monarchy - the power of the monarch is based on divine right

Limited monarchy - the power of the monarch is based on the constitution

Aristocracy - the ruling power is in the hands of a few privileged class

Democracy - the power is in the hands of the people

Direct or pure democracy - the power is directly exercised by the people through assembly or
mass meeting.

Indirect, representative or republican - the power is exercised by a group of persons chosen by

the people to act as their representatives

B. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government:

Unitary government - the control of national and local affairs is under the central or national
government

Federal government - the powers of the government are divided between two sets of organs,
one for national and the other for local affairs, each organ being supreme within its own sphere

C. As to relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government:
Parliamentary government - the executive is dependent on the legislative
Presidential government - the executive is constitutionally vested with powers making it
independent from legislative department