English Pedagogy

in One-Shot
By Himanshi Singh
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Language
• Language is a medium through which one can
express ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
Forms of Language

Oral Written Sign

Language Language Language
 Written language is more stable/credible
than the oral language.
Few more forms …

Phonology – Speech form.

Morphology – Meaning form.

Syntax – Word order.

Q. __________ is the smallest meaningful unit of sound
in a language.
A. Syntax
B. Semantics
C. Morpheme
D. Phoneme
 Language
families
Characteristics of a Language

• It is symbolic and dynamic.

• Means of communication.
• Medium of instruction.
• Language is arbitrary.
• It’s a carrier of civilization and culture.
• It is structured and rule governed.
Language Acquisition

• When language is learnt naturally and without any

systematic practice, it is called acquisition.

• It refers to the process of learning a native or a second

language because of the innate capacity of human brain.

• It also means an unconscious process that occurs when

language is used in real conversation.
Language Learning

• When a language is learnt in a systematic way, it is

known as learning.

• Learning a language is all inclusive process.

• Learning is a conscious process and it is more effective

when it is done in a meaningful situation or familiar
environment.
Q. The process of second language
acquisition is influenced by language that
the learner already knows. The influence is
_____ .
A. Inter-language
B. Systemic errors
C. Language transfer
D. Phonology
Acquisition and Learning
Q. The most important factor which is
responsible for the differentiation between
language learning and language acquisition is:

A. Grammar of language
B. Assessment in language
C. Textbook of language
D. Language environment
As per Indian Constitution

• Associate official Language (AOL).

The Eighth (8th) Schedule of the Constitution
consists of the following 22 languages –

1. Assamese, 9. Manipuri, 17.Telugu,

2. Bengali, 10.Marathi, 18.Urdu,
3. Gujarati, 11.Nepali, 19.Bodo,
4. Hindi, 12.Oriya, 20.Santhali,
5. Kannada, 13.Punjabi, 21.Maithili and
6. Kashmiri, 14.Sanskrit, 22.Dogri.
7. Konkani, 15.Sindhi,
8. Malayalam, 16.Tamil,
National Curriculum Framework (NCF-2005)

• According to the observation, English is a

second language.

• In a multilingual country like India, English is a

global language.
Q. Language acquisition

A. requires the memorization and use of necessary

vocabulary

B. involves a systematic approach to the analysis and

comprehension of grammar as well as to the memorization of
vocabulary

C. refers to the process of learning a native or second

language because of the innate capacity of the human brain

D. is a technique intended to simulate the environment in

which children learn their native language
Noam Chomsky

Humans have an innate ability to

acquire language through
Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
Q. The idea that children are born with
language acquisition device is given by:

A. Chomsky
B. Vygotsky
C. Piaget
D. Skinner
Q. Which observation supports Noam
Chomsky's ideas about language acquisition?
A. Children's language development follows a similar pattern across
cultures.
B. The stages of language development occur at about the same
ages in most children.
C. Children acquire language quickly and effortlessly.
D. All of these
Q. Language Acquisition stands for:
A. Learning a language without making any deliberate or conscious
effort.
B. Learning a language through some specific language
methodology.
C. Learning a language by taking recourse to one’s mother tongue.
D. Learning a language with a deliberate and conscious effort.
Sapir–Whorf hypothesis

• The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis posits that language

either determines or influences one's thought
Q. The idea that language determines the
way we think about and perceive the world
relates to :

A. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

B. linguistic relativity
C. language socialization

D. language acquisition
Skinner
• Skinner suggested that a child imitates the language
of its parents and surrounding people.
Q. Skinner is of the opinion that children often
_________ in the language acquisition process.
A. ignore adults
B. misbehaves
C. copy adults
D. fail badly
Q. Skinner puts forward the theory that, children best
acquire the language through ________.
A. acting skills
B. imitating, prompting and shaping
C. reading and writing
D. enhanced speaking
Piaget and Vygotksy
For Piaget, thought preceded language. A child
learned to think first, and then from that thought,
speak.

Vygotsky believed that thought and speech were

separate, intact processes that merged around age
three.
Q. It is suggested by Piaget that, children learn
language through ___________ .
A. writing and speaking
B. assimilation and accommodation
C. trial and error
D. shaping
Language Skills

1.Listening
2.Speaking
3.Reading
4.Writing
• Intensive & Extensive Reading

• Intensive reading involves learners reading in detail with

specific learning aims and tasks.

• Extensive reading is an approach to language learning in

which long text and a large amount of material are read by the
students for general understanding.
 Sight Words

Sight words are the words that

appear most frequently in our
reading and writing.
 Scanning
• To look at or read every part of something quickly until
you find what you are looking for.

• Scanning is reading rapidly in order to find specific

facts.
Skimming

• Skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a

general overview of the material.
Contrastive Pair
• A contrastive pair of words is a pair of words that are
the same, except for a contrasting letter.
Q. Contrastive / minimal pairs are
used for teaching-learning of :
A. Writing
B. Speaking
C. Pronunciation
D. Reading
Sounds in a English Language

1. Vowels sounds - 20

2. Consonant sounds – 24

Total sounds in English Language = 44

 Diphthongs

• A sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single

syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves
towards another.
• (as in coin, loud, and side ).
 Articulators

• Any vocal organ that takes part in the

production of a speech sound.
1. Homograph
• A homograph is a word that shares the same written
form as another word but has a different meaning.
• E.g. Lead, Lead.
2. Homophone
• Homophone is a word that is pronounced the same
as another word but that has a different spelling and
meaning.
• E.g. Two, Too.
3. Homonym
• Homonym is a word that is spelt and pronounced
like another word but that has a different meaning.
E.g. Suit, Suit.
Q. While reading for comprehension, we
understand that some pairs are examples
of homograph. Which one of the following
is a homograph?
A. lead [metal]/lead [give direction]
B. lead [give direction/dead [mortal]
C. mail [post]/male [gender]
D. warm/tepid [being neither too hot nor too cold]
Q. Two words have identical sound and
spelling, but not related in meaning. It is
known as-
A. homonym
B. homograph
C. polysemy
D. homophone
 Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing means formulating someone else's

ideas in your own words.
 Note Taking
• Is the practice of recording information from
different sources and platforms.
 Tips for Note Taking

• Writing only important points/clues.

• Use phrase/word/abbreviated forms.
• Follow a patterned or diagrammatic form or flow chart.
 Note Making
• Note making is not just about writing down everything you
hear or read.
• It is a process of reviewing, connecting and synthesising
ideas from your lectures or reading.
 Direct Method
• The direct method of teaching, which is sometimes called the
natural method, and is often used in teaching foreign
languages, refrains from using the learners' native language
and uses only the target language.
 Grammar Translation Method

• In grammar–translation classes, students learn grammatical

rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences
between the target language and the native language.
Language Across the Curriculum (LAC)

Integrating language teaching with

other subjects in the same classroom.
Q. LAC stands for Language Across Curriculum. It means

A. use of languages in a variety of meaningful contexts.

B. use of language for communicative purpose only.

C. Paying more attention second language.

D. learning grammatical rules of second language.

Multilingualism

In teaching-learning process multilingualism

means using the languages of learners as a
strategy for teaching-learning of languages and
content subjects.
 Multilingualism is an asset in teaching-
learning process because it makes the
learners more adept at language learning.
Multilingualism enhances intellectual
flexibility and creativity.
Q. The mode of using the learner's native language to
teach some academic content while providing
additional L2 instruction is called ________.
A. basic education
B. multilingual education
C. bilingual education
D. accuracy
Q. Bilingual education is an educational practice
where _______ in the teaching-learning process.
A. a single language is used
B. more than three languages are used
C. two languages are used
D. no language is used
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)

• Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)

refer to linguistic skills needed in everyday, social
face-to-face interactions.
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

• Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency

(CALP) is the language ability required for
academic achievement in a context-reduced
environment.
Q. India's language-in-education policy is known as
__________
A. Language-in-education policy
B. Mother tongue as a medium of education
C. First language, second language and English
D. Three language formula
Practice
Q1. Choose the correct statement from the following

A. First language is acquired through training

B. First language is acquired in school
C. First language acquisition is a natural process
D. First language is acquired through conscious effort
of the child
Q2. Which of the following term is related to
Vygotsky's Socio-cultural theory?
A. Process writing
B. Child as a blank slate
C. Zone of Proximal Development
D. Assimilation and Accommodation
Q3. Rohit is seven months old infant, he has started
making sounds that combine consonants and vowels.
He is communicating using which of the following?
A. cooing
B. phonemes
C. linguistic speech
D. babbling
Q4. Educational process in which learners start their
schooling in their mother tongue and then move on to
additional languages in school is termed as _________.
A. Basic Education
B. Humanist Education
C. Multilingual Education
D. Bilingual Education
Q5. The pattern of sentences that children need to
learn to master the fundamental skills of language
learning is called ________.
A. Simulation
B. Assimilation
C. Structure
D. Group Learning
Q6. One important difference between animal and
human communication is that
A. animals can communicate emotions
B. humans can communicate emotions
C. animals communicate to ensure their own welfare
D. humans communicate to ensure their own welfare
Q7. Which of the following you would not consider as
an authentic task for language learning?
A. Using a hotel menu for a speaking task.
B. Asking learners to write an essay on 'Goat'.
C. Asking learners to describe the room in which they
are in now.
D. Asking learners to listen to a film song they like and
write the meaning of the same.
Q8. Bilingual mode of teaching-learning makes use of
the learner's native language and simultaneously
____________
A. provides instruction in L1
B. provides additional instruction in L2
C. teaches sign language
D. learns universal grammar
Q9. A regional dialect is __________.

A. Speech characteristics of a language in a region.

B. Language of a state or country.
C. Language with a script of a region.
D. The written language and literature of a region.
Q10. Which of the following is true of Sign Language?

A. There is only one Sign Language in the world.

B. Sign Language is not a natural language.
C. Sign Language is a natural language.
D. Sign language is a set of gestures
Q11. Which of the following is true of second language
learning with reference to first language?
A. Second language is interferences in the learning of
the first language.
B. First language supports the learning of second
language.
C. First language interferes in the learning of second
language.
D. It is not possible to learn many languages at a time.
Q12. Competency based language teaching aims at
___________
A. developing the ability to use language in a defined
context like education, work, personal or professional
development.
B. developing the ability of the learner to listen, speak,
read and write in the classroom.
C. defining abilities of learners while the curriculum is
being implemented.
D. making learners to learn as many languages as
possible.
Q13. 'Embedding the pedagogy into the materials to
enable the teacher adopt the pedagogy' is known as
__________
A. authentic materials and realization of materials.
B. content validity of the materials.
C. pedagogical realization of materials.
D. process validity realization of materials.
Q14. What is the major aim of teaching of poetry?

A. Poetry is for enjoyment and ideas.

B. Poetry is for grammar learning.
C. Poetry is to know about the poet.
D. Poetry is for vocabulary learning.
Q15. A teacher of class VIII asks her learners to listen
to the five sentences she reads out and write them
down the exact sentences. Which strategy of
listening she attempts to promote?
A. Top down strategy
B. Dictation as a strategy
C. Apt listening strategy
D. Bottom up strategy
Q16. A teacher writes words and short sentences as
language chunks in context as unanalyzed wholes.
She then gives the chunks in context for use by
learners. What method or approach of teaching of
vocabulary does this reflect?
A. Vocabulary as chunks
B. Lexical approach
C. Communicative approach
D. Structural approach
Q17. Cognitively Academic Language Proficiency
refers to _________
A. using language for general day-to-day language
functions
B. using language for a conversation in a birthday
party
C. language use for abstract ideas and higher order
language skills
D. reading a short story of interest as a pastime routine
Q18. Which of the following is a task for process approach to
writing and which one is for product approach?
(a) Look around the room you are in now. With your friends
observe, gather information-objects, people, and actions. Jot
down ideas, points, develop an outline, write the draft, edit it
and write the final draft. Give a title to your paragraph.
(b) Write a paragraph of 200 words on 'Autobiography of the
Snake".
A. Both (a) and (b) are process approach tasks.
B. Both (a) and (b) are product approach tasks.
C. (b) is process approach task and (a) is product approach task.
D. (a) is process approach task and (b) is product approach task.
Q19. Language awareness in learners refers to:

A. grammatical knowledge of the language user.

B. an enhanced consciousness and sensitivity to the
forms and functions of language.
C. an understanding of the four skills of a language.
D. an enhanced consciousness and sensitivity to
reading and writing in a language.
Q20. Which of the following is NOT a concept of
language education :
A. Grammar translation method
B. Types of networking
C. Contrastive analysis
D. Form and function
Q21. Portfolio assessment aims at __________.
A. collection of instances of learning by learners over a
period of time as evidences.
B. collection of the marks or grades by learners over a
period of time as evidences.
C. conducting written and oral tests in order to judge
learners' language learning.
D. creating a profile of each learner through a progress
report card.
Q22. National Education Policy 2020 recommends
the study of a foreign language __________.
A. as an additional option at the secondary stage
B. as an option under the three language formula
C. as a language from the preparatory stage of
schooling
D. as a choice of the schools and learners
Social Media Handles:

Instagram: Himanshisinghofficial

Facebook Page: letslearnforctet

Telegram Channel: LETSLEARNSQUAD