Lecture # 9 Design of Sedimentation Tank

Environmental
and Sanitary Engineering

CB 532
Dr. Waleed Elemary
Water Purification Distribution
collection
City
Wastewater Treatment Recycling &

Collection Reuse
Purification Processes
1. Sedimentation Stage
2. Filtration Stage
3. Disinfection Stage
Sedimentation Stage
Typical conventional WTP
Sedimentation
SEDIMENTATION IS A PHYSICAL TREATMENT
PROCESS DURING WHICH SUSPENDED SOLIDS ARE
ALLOWED TO SETTLE BY GRAVITY IN THE BULK
LIQUID IN THE ORDER THAT THE PARTICLE WITH A
DENSITY GREATER THAN THE DENSITY OF LIQUID, IS
REMOVED FROM THE BULK LIQUID.
Sedimentation
SEDIMENTATION TANK
SEDIMENTATION TANK
SEDIMENTATION TANK
Design Criteria for Sedimentation
• RETENTION TIME (HRT).

• VELOCITY OF FLOW (V).
• SURFACE LOADING RATE (SLR).
• DIMENSIONS OF SEDIMENTATION TANK.
• TEMPERATURE.
• VISCOSITY OF WATER.
• SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION &
CHARACTERISTICS.
• INLET & OUTLET ARRANGEMENT OF
SEDIMENTATION TANK.
• SLUDGE WITHDRAWAL METHOD.
• DEAD ZONES IN SEDIMENTATION TANK.
Design Criteria for Plain
Sedimentation
• HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME (HRT) = 3-5 HOURS.
• SURFACE LOADING RATE (SLR) = 25-40 M3/M2/DAY.
• HORIZONTAL VELOCITY (VH) ≤ 0.30 M/MIN.
• HYDRAULIC
3
LOAD ON OUTLET WEIR (HLW) = 150-600
M /M/DAY.
• WET DEPTH (D) = 3-5 M.
• NUMBER OF TANKS (N) ≥ 2.
• DIMENSIONS OF TANK:
FOR RECTANGULAR TANK:
• L/B = 3-5
• B/D = 2-3
FOR CIRCULAR TANK (CLARIFIER):
• Ф ≤ 35 M TO AVOID CONSTRUCTION JOINTS,

• BUT IT COULD BE TAKEN AS MAX. AS 50-55 M.
Types of sedimentation
1) PLAIN SEDIMENTATION (R.E= 90-95%)
IT IS THE SEDIMENTATION OF SOLIDS BY GRAVITY

AND WITHOUT ADDITION OF ANY CHEMICALS.
2) CHEMICAL SEDIMENTATION (R.E= 95-99%)
IT IS THE SEDIMENTATION OF SOLIDS BY GRAVITY

THROUGH USING ADDITIONAL CHEMICALS.
Plain Sedimentation
Plain sedimentation
Sludge Amount
Sludge = Water + [2 to 5 % Solids]
•Assume SS inlet the sedimentation tank = X mg/l
•RR is the Removal Ratio in the sedimentation process = 60 – 85 %
•Amount of SS in sludge per day
= Y (t/d) = Qd(m3/d)*[X(g/m3) / 106(g/t)]*RR
•Assume concentration of SS in Sludge = C % = 2 – 5 %
•Assume Specific Gravity of Sludge = SG = 1.05 – 2.1
•Amount of Sludge per day (t/d) = Z (t/d) = Y (t/d) / C %
•Volume of Sludge per day (m3/d)
= V (m3/d) = [Z (t/d) /SG * 1(t/m3)]
Sludge Amount
SS = 80 mg/l
Assume RR is Removal Ratio in plain sedimentation process = 80 %
Amount of SS in sludge per day = Y (t/d) = 120,000
(m3/d)*[80 (g/m3) / 106 (g/t)] * 0.8 = 7.68 ton/day
Assume concentration of SS in Sludge = C % = 3 %
Amount of Sludge (Water + SS) per day (t/d) = Z (t/d) =
7.68 (t/d) / 0.03 = 256 t/d
Specific Gravity of Sludge = SG = 1.1
Volume of Sludge per day (m3/d) = V (m3/d) = [256 (t/d) /1.1 *
1(t/m3)] = 232.73 (m3/d)
Coagulation
and
Flocculation
COAGULATION PROCESS
•Purpose Removal of most quantity of solids present in the raw
water by chemical action.
•Process Addition of a chemical matter (coagulant) to raw water
that reacts with water alkalinity and produce a gelatinous
forming (flocs.) that carries a positive charge at its surface, in
the other side, suspended solids carry a negative charge at their
surface. Attraction force appears between them, the suspended
solids attaches to the flocs surface that causes increasing of
flocs weight. Faster settling appears, sedimentation efficiency
will increase
Chemical Sedimentation
Chemical Sedimentation
Coagulation
1) Dry feeding
2) Wet feeding
Flash mixing
Sedimentation
(More Accurate)
Coagulants
1) HYDROUS ALUMINUM SULPHATES (ALUM):
- MOST USED.
- SOME TIMES MIXED WITH CARBON (BLACK
ALUM)
2) HYDROUS FERROUS SULPHATES (COPPERAS)

- CHEAP
3) FERRIC SULPHATES (FERRI-FLOC);
4) FERRIC CHLORIDE
Design Criteria for Flash
Mixing Tank
• HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME (HRT) = 20-30

MIN.
• USUALLY THESE TANKS ARE RECTANGULAR.
• DEPTH OF WATER (D) = 2-3 M.
• LENGTH/WITH (L/B) = 3-4
• LENGTH (L) ≤ 50M.
• NUMBER OF TANKS (N) ≥ 2
Clariflocculator
Design Criteria for
Clariflocculator
Outer Tank: Inner Tank:
To = 2-3 hrs. Ti = 20-30 min.
do = 3-5m di = do-1m
Ǿo ≤ 35 m Ǿi = (⅓-½) φo m
no = 2 ni = no
Surface Loading Rate (SLR) = 25-40 m3/m2/day
Horizontal Velocity (vh) ≤ 0.30 m/min
Hydraulic Load on Outlet Weir (HLW) = 150-600 m3/m/day

Design Criteria for
Clariflocculator
• OUTER TANK • Inner Tank
C = QMAX * T Tin = 0.33-0.5 hr
T = (TOUT + TIN) = (2-3) + (0.33-0.5) Ǿin = 0.33-0.5 Ǿout
DOUT = 3-5 M
din = dout – 1
nin = nout
A = C/D , N ≥ 2 ,
GET AREA OF 1 TANK AND Ǿ
Ǿ ≤ 35 M
SLR = Qmax / (Aout – Ain) = 25-40 m3/m2/day

Design the plain rectangular sedimentation
tanks for a water purification plant of an
hourly output 5000 m3 . Then get the amount
of sludge if the SS in raw water is 80 ppm and
sludge specific gravity is 1.1.
(First) Design of plain sedimentation tanks
Assume that wp is 24 hr/day Qd = 5000 m3/hr
Assume RT = 4 hrs (from 4 – 6 hrs) Minimum
Total Volume = 4* 5000 = 20,000 m3 = n*L*B*d
Assume SLR = 30 m3 /m2 /d (from 25 – 40 m3/m2/d)

= 1.25m3/m2/hr
TSA = 5000/1.25 = 4000 m2 = n *L*B
d = Volume/TSA = 20,000/4000 = 5.0 m (from 3 – 5 m)
Assume B = 2d = 10 m
Assume L = 5B = 50 m
n = 8 tanks
Actual SA = 50 * 10 = 500 m2
Actual Volume = 50 * 10 * 5 = 2500 m3
Actual TSA = 8 * 500 = 4,000 m2
Actual Total Volume = 8 * 2500 = 20,000 m3
The important checks
Actual RT = 20,000 / 5000 = 4 hr (ok)
Actual SLR = (5000 / 4000) * 24 = 30 m3 /m2 /d (ok)
Vf = (5000/ 400*60) = 0.21 m/min (ok)
HLOW = (5000/80) * 24 = 1500 m3 /m/d (unsafe)
Take Lw = 178 m, HLOW = 690 m3 /m/d (unsafe)
Take Lw = 242 m, HLOW = 495.7 m3 /m/d (unsafe)
Take Lw = 458 m, HLOW = 262 m3 /m/d (ok
Thank you

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Environmental

and Sanitary Engineering

Wastewater Treatment Recycling &

• RETENTION TIME (HRT).

FOR CIRCULAR TANK (CLARIFIER):

• Ф ≤ 35 M TO AVOID CONSTRUCTION JOINTS,

IT IS THE SEDIMENTATION OF SOLIDS BY GRAVITY

2) CHEMICAL SEDIMENTATION (R.E= 95-99%)

IT IS THE SEDIMENTATION OF SOLIDS BY GRAVITY

2) HYDROUS FERROUS SULPHATES (COPPERAS)

3) FERRIC SULPHATES (FERRI-FLOC);

• HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME (HRT) = 20-30

Horizontal Velocity (vh) ≤ 0.30 m/min

Hydraulic Load on Outlet Weir (HLW) = 150-600 m3/m/day

SLR = Qmax / (Aout – Ain) = 25-40 m3/m2/day

Assume SLR = 30 m3 /m2 /d (from 25 – 40 m3/m2/d)

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