Sewage Treatment Plant

Approved by AICTE, Government of India & Affiliated to Dr A.P.
J Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Lucknow
DESIGN OF A SEWAGE TREATMENT

PLANT
FOR A RESIDENTIAL SOCIETY
- By Abhinav Verma
Department of Civil Engineering

G L Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management
Greater Noida – 201306
(2020- 2021)
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT: AN OVERVIEW
Sewage Treatment Plant is a plant or installation setup that
is used to purify contaminated substances. These
substances may be solid, liquid, and semi-solids. Sewage
treatment is one of the treatments that a waste treatment
plant works on in the oil and gas industry and in other
manufacturing industries.
Sewage treatment is the process of removing containments
from wastewater and household sewage, both effluents and
domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological
processes.
The Objective of sewage treatment is to produce a
disposable effluent without causing harm to the surrounding
environment and preventing pollution.
Sewage treatment generally involves three stages ->
1. Primary Treatment: Concerned with the removal of
suspended solids.
Now the primary treatment is collectively performed by:
(i) Screening: Removal of Heavy Solids.
(ii) Grit Chamber: Removal of fine inorganic
Suspended Solids.
(iii) PST: Removal of fine inorganic Suspended
Solids.
2. Secondary or Biological treatment: Concerned with

Removal of Dissolved OM.
3. Tertiary or Chemical treatment: Concerned with

Removal of Microorganisms.
RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT CHAMBER PRIMARY SECONDARY OR
(NON- AERATED) SEDIMENTATION BIOLOGICAL
TANK(PST) TREATMENT
SUPERNANT LIQUID EFFLUENT

DIGESTED SLUDGE
SLUDGE SECONDARY
APPLIED ON DRYING
DIGESTOR SLUDGE SEDIMENTATION
BEDS
TANK
General characteristics: AS per the manual
• Characteristics of waste - water:
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen 300 to 350 mg / Lt.
Demand)
COD (Chemical Oxygen 350 to 450 mg / Lt.
Demand)
TSS (Total Suspended 350 to 450 mg / Lt.
Solids)
PH 7 to 8
Oil & Grease 100 to 510 mg / Lt.
• Characteristics of treated effluent:

BOD5 < 10 mg / Lt.
COD < 100 mg / Lt.
PH < 6.5 to 7.5
Oil & Grease < 10 mg / Lt
Turbidity = 1 mg/ Lt.
.
Detailed design of the STP is in the following section.
1. Screens:
Q = 6.3MLD = 0.073m3 /sec
Clear spacing between bars = 60mm and bar diameter = 20mm
Inclination of bars with horizontal = 60° (For Manual Cleaning)
2. Grit Chamber (Non – Aerated):

Let detention time, td = 3min
Volume = 0.073*3*60 = 13.14m3
Let the height of chamber be 1m and B/H = 2
So, B = 1*2 = 2m and L = Volume/ (2*1) = 6.57m
Provide Dimensions of the chamber: 6.6m*2m*1m
3. PST (PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK)
Assumptions ->
1. Type II: Flocculant Settling
2. Overflow Rate: OFR 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 50m3 /m2 /day and OFR 𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
25m3 /m2 /day
3. Velocity of flow = V𝑓 = 0.3 m/s
4. Detention Time = t 𝑑 2hrs
Design Steps ->
Q 𝑎𝑣𝑔
Surface Area = = (0.073m3 /sec)/(25m3 /m2 /day) = 252m2
OFR 𝑎𝑣𝑔
Q 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
Surface Area = = (0.073m3 /sec)/(50m3 /m2 /day) =
OFR 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
126m2
Providing maximum surface area = 252𝑚2
Now Volume of tank = (0.073m3 /m2 /sec) * 2hrs = 525.6 m2
Height of tank = Volume/ Surface area = 2.1m
Now Length of tank = V𝑓 ∗ t 𝑑 = 36m
Width of Tank = Surface Area/ Length = 7m
Dimensions of PST: (36* 7* 2.1 m3 )
4. Trickling Filter
Assumptions
1. Design Population = 14000
2. Sewage discharge rate = 150lpcd
3. Influent BOD = S𝑖 = 225mg/l
4. Organic Loading Rate (Excluding Recirculation) = OLR =
104 kg/hac-m/day
5. R= Recirculation Ratio = 1
6. Solid Loading Rate (Including Recirculation) = SLR =
180ML/hac/day
7. Efficiency of Filter = n𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 75%
Design Steps:
So, Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 14000 * 150lpcd = 2.1MLD
Given: R=1
Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 / Q 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1
Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = Q 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Now, Plan area = (Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 + Q 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 )/ SLR = 2Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 / SLR
= (2*2.1)/180 = 233.33 m2
𝜋
∗ dia2 = 233.33 m2
4
Dia = 17.23m≈ 17.5m

Volume = (Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ S𝑖 )/OLR = (2.1* 106 ∗ 225 ∗ 10−6 )/ 104 = 472.5m3
and Depth = Volume/ Plan Area = 2.025m
It is important to note that the filter removes only a very small
percentage of finely divided suspended organic matter and majority
of the organic matter just gets coagulated due the biological
oxidation and denitrification that takes place in the filter. This
coagulated suspended mass is removed in the following SECONDARY
SEDIMENTATION TANK.
5. SST (SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK)

ASSUMPTION:
1. Hydraulic loading rate = 28Ml/hac/day
DESIGN STEPS:
Now, Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2.1 MLD
∴ Surface Area of filter bed = 1.8Mld/(28ML/hac/day) = 642.85m2
Provide 2 equal sized circular tanks, each having diameter as follow:
𝜋
∗ dia2 = 642.85m2 /2
4
∴ dia = 20.23m ≈ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 21m

Design of Conical Humus Tank:
Let the detention time = 1.5 hrs
∴ Volume of tank = (1.8ML/24 hrs) * 1.5 hrs = 112.5m3
Now let the depth of the tank be 7.5m.
1 πd2
So, ∗ ∗ 7.5𝑚 = 112.5m3
3 4
∴ diameter = 7.56m≈ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 7.6m

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Approved by AICTE, Government of India & Affiliated to Dr A.P.

DESIGN OF A SEWAGE TREATMENT

Department of Civil Engineering

Greater Noida – 201306

2. Secondary or Biological treatment: Concerned with

3. Tertiary or Chemical treatment: Concerned with

SUPERNANT LIQUID EFFLUENT

• Characteristics of treated effluent:

2. Grit Chamber (Non – Aerated):

Dia = 17.23m≈ 17.5m

5. SST (SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK)

∴ dia = 20.23m ≈ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 21m

∴ diameter = 7.56m≈ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 7.6m

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