The Basis of Classification (Animals)

The classification is done on the bassis of body cavity , arrangement of cells, patterns of digestive
and reproductive system.
COELOM-
 Presence or absence of body cavity between the body wall and gut wall is very important in
classification.
 Coelomates- the body Cavity which is lined by coelom is called as coelom. Animals
possessing coelom are called coelomates. EXAMPLE – annelids, molluscs,
arthropods ,echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.
 Pseudocoelomates- in some animals the body cavity is not lined by mesoderm intead the
mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm ad endoderm. Such a
cavity is called pseudocoelom and the animals possessing them are called
pseudocoelomates. Example- aschelminthes.
 Acoelomates- the animals in which the cavity is absent is called acoelomates, example-
platyhelminthes.
Diploblastic and triplobiastic organisation-
 Animals in which the cells are arranged with an ectoderm and endoderm an internal layer,
are called diploblatic animals.
 An undifferentiated layer mesoglea is present in between the ectoderm and endoderm.
Those animals there is the third germinal layer, mesoderm, in between ectoderm and
endoderm ae called triploblastic animals.
Types of circulatory system-
 Open type circulatory system is that in which there are no blood vessels and the tissues , cell
are bathed in blood, the blood is out of heart.
 Close type circulatory system is the system in which the blood is supplied through series by
blood vessels.
Segmentation- organisat
 In some animals the body is externally and internally divided into segments with a serial
repetition of at least some organs.
 For example in earthworm the body shows this pattern called metameric segmentation and
the phenomenon is known as metamerism.
Notochord-
 Notochord is a mesodermally derived rod like structure formed on the dorsal side during
embryonic development in some animals.
 Animals with notochord are called chordates and those animals which do not form this
structure are called non-chordats, example- porifera to echinoderms.
Phulum-ctenophora
 Symmetery- radial
 Diploblastic
 Tissue level of organisation.
 Structure-ctenophores commonly known as sea walnuts or comb jellies are exclusively
marine. The body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates which helps in
locomotion. Bioluminescence (is the property of living organism to emit light) is well
marked in ctenophores.
 Digestion- it is both extracellular and intracellular.
 Fertilisation- sexes are not separate. Reproduction takes only by sexual means.
Fertilisation is external with indirect development.
 Examples- pleurobrachia and ctenoplana.
Phylum platyhelminthes-
 Symmetry-bilateral.
 Triploblastic.
 Organ level of organisation.
 Structure-It is an acoelomate animal with organ level of organisation. Hookers and
suckers are present in the form of parasite . some of them absorb the nutrients from the
host directly to the body surface. Specialised cells called flame cells help in
osmoregulation and excretion.
 Fertilisation-sexes are not separate. Fertilisation is internal and development is through
many larval stages. Some members like planaria have high regeneration capacity.
 Examples- taenia(tapeworm), fasciola(liverfluke).
Phylum- aschelminthes
 Structure-The body of aschelminthes is circular in cross section. Hence they are

called as round worm. They are free living and aquatic animals and they are also
terrestrial or parasitic in plant and animals. They are pseudocoelomate animals.
Alimentary canal is complete with well developed muscular pharynx. An excretory
system removes body waste from the body cavity through the excretory pore.
 Symmetry- bilateral
 Triploblastic.
 Fertilisation- the sexes are separate(dioecious) thet males and females are
distinct. Often females are longer than males. Fertilisation is internal development
may be direct(the young ones resembles the others) or indirect.
 Examples- ascaris(roundworm), wuchereria (filarial worm), ancylostoma (hook
worm).
Phylum athropoda-
 Structure- this is the largest phylum of animalia which includes insects. Over two
third of all ame species on earth are anthropod. They body of anthropods is
covered by chitinous exoskeleton. The body consists of head ,thorax, and
abdomen. They have jointed appendages [anthros-joint] poda means appendeges.
Respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs, tracheal system.
Circulatorsystem is open type
 They have organ system level of organisation.
 Bilaterally symmetrical.
 Triploblastic.
 Circulatory system is open type. Sensory organs like antennae, eyes[compound
and simple], statocyts or balance organs are present. Excretion takes place
through malphigian tubules.
 Coelomate animals.
 Fertilisation- it is internal they are mostly oviparous. Development may be direct
or indirect.
 Examples- economically important insects- Apis(honey bee), bombyx (silk worm),
laccifer (lac insect). Vectors- Anopheles , culex, aedes(mosquoitoes). Grerarious
pest- locusta (locust). Living fossils[king crab].

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The classification is done on the bassis of body cavity , arrangement of cells, patterns of digestive

and reproductive system.

Diploblastic and triplobiastic organisation-

Types of circulatory system-

 Structure-The body of aschelminthes is circular in cross section. Hence they are

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